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Nutrients Sep 2023Dyslipidemia, a condition implying high cardiovascular risks, has been widely studied on its potential nutrition interventions, including functional foods. This study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dyslipidemia, a condition implying high cardiovascular risks, has been widely studied on its potential nutrition interventions, including functional foods. This study aims to examine the effect of nattokinase monascus supplements (NMSs) on cardiovascular biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with dyslipidemia. A total of 113 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive either NMSs or a placebo (55 and 58, respectively). After a 120-day intervention, there were significant mean absolute changes in total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and low-density cholesterol to high-density cholesterol ratio (LDL-C to HDL-C ratio), with values of -0.52 (95% CI: -0.51 to -0.54) mmol/L, -0.43 (95% CI: -0.45 to -0.41) mmol/L, -0.52 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.52) mmol/L, and -0.29 (95% CI: -0.30 to -0.28) mmol/L, respectively, between the two groups. However, no significant differences were found in triglycerides (TGs), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and CIMT. Furthermore, the results for lipids and CIMT remained essentially unchanged after adjusting for various confounding factors using the analysis of covariance model. There were no significant differences in coagulation, liver function, renal function, or other indicators. No intervention-related adverse events, such as mouth ulcers, drooling, and stomach pain, were reported. The study results demonstrate that NMSs can ameliorate lipid levels (TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio) without the occurrence of adverse events. However, it did not significantly affect serum TG, HDL-C, and CIMT.
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Monascus; Cholesterol, HDL; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Hypercholesterolemia; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemias; Hyperlipidemias; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37836525
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194239 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2023The epidemiological and clinical pathological aspects of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in five buffaloes in the Amazon biome are described. Epidemiological data were...
The epidemiological and clinical pathological aspects of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in five buffaloes in the Amazon biome are described. Epidemiological data were obtained during the clinical visit in which buffalos were submitted to an examination of the nervous system. The diagnosis of PEM was based on epidemiological, clinical-pathological, and histopathological findings, similar to findings in other ruminants. In the clinical examination, all buffaloes had a body score between 2.5 and 3 (scale from 1 to 5), with decreased alertness, postural changes, marked hypermetria when stimulated to move, total or partial blindness demonstrated by colliding with the corral structures, head pressing and circumduction of the hindquarters when supported on the thoracic limbs, opisthotonos, muscle tremors, convulsions, paddling movements, sialorrhea, decrease in palpebral and pupillary reflexes, and eyeball rotation placing the pupillary slit in a vertical position. At necropsy, mild lesions characterized by edema and flattening of the cerebral convolutions were observed. A histopathological examination showed laminar necrosis of the cerebral cortex. The cause of PEM in the studied buffaloes was not established, which indicates the need for further studies to elucidate this disease in the species, particularly in the Amazon region.
PubMed: 37835737
DOI: 10.3390/ani13193131 -
BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Oct 2023Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is an important adjunctive method to treat sialorrhea. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effect and safety of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is an important adjunctive method to treat sialorrhea. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effect and safety of BoNT injections in the intervention of sialorrhea with Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase from inception until April 2022. Randomized controlled trials or randomized crossover trials comparing BoNT with placebo in sialorrhea with PD were eligible. PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out the meta-analysis. The Drooling Severity Frequency Scale (DSFS) score and the number of adverse events (AEs) were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk differences (RDs) are used to express continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. Heterogeneity among these studies was evaluated using I tests. We used the GRADE tool to assess the certainty of evidence (COE).
RESULTS
Eight articles involving 259 patients compared BoNT injections with a placebo for PD with sialorrhea. This meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in DSFS scores between BoNT injections and placebo (SMD=-0.98; 95% CI, -1.27 to 0.70, p<0.001; COE: high). This meta-analysis showed a significant difference in AEs between BoNT injections and placebo (RD=0.15; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.24, p=0.002; COE: low).
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled results suggest that BoNT injections have some effect on DSFS scores with sialorrhea caused by PD. There are also mild adverse events, which generally recover within a week or so. The results indicate that BoNT injection is one of the treatments for sialorrhea caused by PD, but we need to pay attention to adverse events. In addition, the follow-up time was extended to observe oral hygiene, ulceration or dental caries, and digestive function.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Our review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (42021288334).
Topics: Humans; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Sialorrhea; Parkinson Disease; Dental Caries; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37828600
DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00694-7 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2023Antipsychotics are widely used to manage mental illnesses. They have, however, been reported to cause various adverse events. Two studies were conducted to resolve... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Antipsychotics are widely used to manage mental illnesses. They have, however, been reported to cause various adverse events. Two studies were conducted to resolve clinical questions related to adverse events caused by antipsychotic medications in clinical practice. The first adverse event studied was clozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS), a common adverse event. There is no established standard treatment for CIS because the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the cause of CIS. Results of clinical and basic studies suggest that N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), the active metabolite of clozapine, is the causative agent of CIS. Furthermore, the action of NDMC on salivary gland cells via muscarinic receptors is one of the proposed mechanisms of CIS. The second adverse event was hyperglycemia. Antipsychotics increase the incidence of hyperglycemia. However, the incidence of antipsychotic-induced hyperglycemia is difficult to predict because many factors are involved. This study aimed to examine the effect of antipsychotic treatment-associated factors on hyperglycemic progression after adjustment for the effect of background factors suggested to be associated with hyperglycemic progression. A national multicenter prospective observational study of 631 newly initiated patients showed that initiation of clozapine and zotepine treatment significantly increased the incidence of hyperglycemia. In addition, obesity has been shown to significantly increase the incidence of antipsychotic-induced hyperglycemia. Because these studies were conducted to resolve questions that arose in actual clinical practice, the study results obtained are considered to have clinical applicability.
Topics: Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Mental Disorders; Hyperglycemia
PubMed: 37779004
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00105 -
Viruses Aug 2023The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches of the human oral cavity-from saliva to dental plaques to the surface of the tongue-has accelerated in the...
The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches of the human oral cavity-from saliva to dental plaques to the surface of the tongue-has accelerated in the age of metagenomics. This rapid expansion demonstrates that our understanding of oral viral diversity is incomplete, with only a few studies utilizing passive drool collection in conjunction with metagenomic sequencing methods. For this pilot study, we obtained 14 samples from healthy staff members working at the Duke Lemur Center (Durham, NC, USA) to determine the viral diversity that can be identified in passive drool samples from humans. The complete genomes of 3 anelloviruses, 9 cressdnaviruses, 4 large bacteriophages, 29 microviruses, and 19 inoviruses were identified in this study using high-throughput sequencing and viral metagenomic workflows. The results presented here expand our understanding of the vertebrate-infecting and microbe-infecting viral diversity of the human oral virome in North Carolina (USA).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Bacteriophages; Anelloviridae; North Carolina; Pilot Projects; Virome; DNA; Lemur
PubMed: 37766228
DOI: 10.3390/v15091821 -
Cureus Aug 2023Progressive mitochondrial encephalopathy manifesting as developmental delay, regression, epilepsy, myoclonus, dystonia, and spasticity due to a novel compound...
Progressive mitochondrial encephalopathy manifesting as developmental delay, regression, epilepsy, myoclonus, dystonia, and spasticity due to a novel compound heterozygous variant in NARS2 has not been reported. The patient is a 3.5-year-old female with normal psychomotor development until she experienced her first generalized status epilepticus at 4.5 months of age. After seizure control, generalized myoclonus and psychomotor regression became evident. She suffered from two other epileptic states and seizure control remained inadequate despite the use of multiple anti-seizure drugs. Neurologic examination revealed generalized hypotonia, discoordination, unstable eye contact, drooling, open mouth, myoclonus, periodic torticollis, and ankle contractions. Cerebral MRI revealed hydrocephalus ex vacuo due to diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy bilaterally and incomplete myelination. Genetic testing at 12 months of age revealed the compound heterozygous variants chr11: 78204182C>T and chr11: 78282446A>AG in NARS2. Despite anti-seizure drugs, mitochondrial cocktail, and cannabidiol, the disease progressed to intractable seizures and severe tetraspasticity. In summary, this case demonstrates that compound heterozygous variants in NARS2 can phenotypically manifest exclusively in the brain with intractable epilepsy, myoclonus, developmental delay, regression, hypotonia, cerebral atrophy, and hypomyelination, followed by tetraspasticity and dystonia.
PubMed: 37746452
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43969 -
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2023Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% among all head and neck cancers. Literature reveals saliva as a predictive, diagnostic and prognostic tool in...
Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-6 in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, Chronic Periodontitis and in Healthy Controls - A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.
INTRODUCTION
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% among all head and neck cancers. Literature reveals saliva as a predictive, diagnostic and prognostic tool in carcinoma, inflammatory and genetic disorders. Expression of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported in patients with OSCC and in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This study aims at the following objectives: • To evaluate the changes in the salivary levels of IL-6 in healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis (CP), OPMD and OSCC. • To compare the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually in healthy individuals and those with CP, OPMD and OSCC. • To assess the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually within histopathologically differentiated OSCC. • To analyse salivary IL-6 as a reliable biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Totally, 60 patients were divided into four groups consisting of 15 patients in each group. Salivary samples were collected by simple drooling method. The concentration of IL-6 is to be determined by using Quantitative sandwich ELISA technique. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
RESULTS
The concentration values of IL-6 were found to be more in OSCC group in comparison with the other three groups and the concentration values of OPMD were found to be more than in the CP and control group and was statistically significant.
DISCUSSION
We attempted a study to evaluate the salivary IL-6 in patients with OSCC, OPMDs and CP in comparison with the healthy controls. We achieved a pragmatic result showed that salivary IL-6 can be a reliable biomarker in the detection of OSCC. Saliva, due its wide array of functional characteristics, is an upcoming diagnostic fluid in the field of medicine and salivary IL-6 can be one such biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC.
PubMed: 37711518
DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_240_22 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2023. Organophosphates are chemicals that lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing muscarinic symptoms such as salivation and nicotinic manifestations like muscle...
. Organophosphates are chemicals that lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing muscarinic symptoms such as salivation and nicotinic manifestations like muscle weakness and hypertension and rarely leading to basal ganglia impairment, manifesting as extrapyramidal symptoms. Literature reported that the use of amantadine, an amine that has both antiviral and dopaminergic activities, improves extrapyramidal manifestations. Most of the studies exploring the effect of amantadine were conducted on adults and there are extremely limited data in regards to this topic in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the purpose of this case study is to report the outcome of treating a child who developed extrapyramidal symptoms due to organophosphates poisoning with amantadine. . A 6-year-old boy was found by his family drowsy and drooling with an insecticide bottle beside him. He was brought to the ER and arrested on arrival, and he was eventually revived after 5 minutes of CPR. Then, he developed features of extrapyramidal involvement such as delirium, hyperactivity, akathisia, aphonia, and tremors. He was started on oral amantadine 50 mg once daily and then increased to twice daily for two weeks while admitted. During admission, his symptoms were assessed daily, and an improvement was noticed by his family and the medical team. Upon discharge, he was able to form sentences; tremors were almost resolved; and there was no rigidity or agitation. He was followed up postdischarge and showed significant improvement. He continued amantadine for almost 3 months until the full resolution of his symptoms. . This case illustrates the promising benefits of using amantadine in treating extrapyramidal manifestations following organophosphate ingestion.
PubMed: 37700928
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1632052 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023Xerostomia and sialorrhea often accompany Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) despite no change in saliva quantity. This study analyzed BMS patients with different symptom...
BACKGROUND
Xerostomia and sialorrhea often accompany Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) despite no change in saliva quantity. This study analyzed BMS patients with different symptom combinations: burning only (B), burning and xerostomia (BX), burning and sialorrhea (BS), and burning with xerostomia and sialorrhea (BXS), using a large sample of 500 patients from the University of Naples Federico II.
METHODS
After a medical evaluation, patients were divided into four groups based on their reported symptoms: B (140), BX (253), BS (49), and BXS (58). Patient data on education, BMI, smoking/alcohol habits, comorbidities, medication use, pain intensity, quality, and psychological profile were collected.
RESULTS
The BX group showed a higher prevalence of patients taking blood thinners. Additional symptoms varied among groups, with the BX group experiencing more dysgeusia and globus, and the BS group reporting more tingling. Multivariate analysis identified BMI, dysgeusia, globus, and blood thinner use as significant factors in the B and BX groups, while male gender, tingling, alcohol use, and pain quality were significant in the BS and BXS groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, BMS patients display a complex range of symptoms, with xerostomia being the most frequent additional symptom. Sociodemographic, psychological, and medical factors cannot fully explain the variations in symptomatology among different patient subgroups. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes and develop tailored treatment approaches.
PubMed: 37685630
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175561 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023In this study, our aim was to validate whether the automated measurement of salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone-to-cortisol (T/C)...
In this study, our aim was to validate whether the automated measurement of salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone-to-cortisol (T/C) ratio, considering their individual circadian rhythms can be used to assess the stress response of male athletes to different exercise intensities accurately and effectively. We measured the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and their respective serum concentrations that were collected from 20 male long-distance runners via passive drooling in the morning and evening for two consecutive days involving different exercise intensities. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was performed to evaluate the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations. The results showed a positive correlation between the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and their respective serum concentrations. The participants were divided into two groups: with and without interval training. The interval training group showed a significantly higher rate of change in the salivary cortisol concentration and a significantly lower rate of change in the T/C ratio in the evening interval training on day 1 than lower-intensity running on day 2. Our results indicated that the salivary cortisol concentrations and the T/C ratio could distinguish between exercises at different intensities, which may be beneficial for detecting differences in stress responses among athletes.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Hydrocortisone; Saliva; Testosterone; Stress, Physiological; Automation; Male; Athletes; Circadian Rhythm; Running; Sialorrhea; Young Adult
PubMed: 37666925
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41620-5