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Resuscitation Plus Sep 2024The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a new resuscitation strategy in which breaths are provided during automated external defibrillator (AED) rhythm...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a new resuscitation strategy in which breaths are provided during automated external defibrillator (AED) rhythm analysis, and to evaluate its impact on chest compressions (CC) quality and the -analysis time.
METHOD
A randomized simulation study, comparing two cardiopulmonary resuscitations strategies, has been conducted: the standard strategy (S1) with strategy involving ventilation during AED analysis (S2). Thirty lifeguards have performed both strategies in a cross-over study design during 10 min of CPR.
RESULTS
The number of ventilations per 10 min increases from 47 (S1) to 72 (S2) ( < 0.001). This results in the delivery of an additional 17.1 L of insufflated air in S2 compared to S1 ( < 0.001). There have been no significant changes in frequency and total number of CC. These findings correspond to a reduction of the non-ventilation period from 176 s (S1) to 48 s (S2).
CONCLUSIONS
This simulation study suggests that it is feasible to increase the number of ventilations during resuscitation following drowning, without affecting the quantity and quality of chest compressions. The results of this study may serve as a foundation for further investigation into optimal ventilation strategies in this context.
PubMed: 38873276
DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100674 -
The Lancet. Planetary Health Jun 2024
Topics: Climate Change; Humans; Drowning; Disasters
PubMed: 38849173
DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00090-1 -
PloS One 2024The South East Asian region has the world's second highest fatal drowning burden. This study reports analysis of survey data from representatives from nations within the...
The South East Asian region has the world's second highest fatal drowning burden. This study reports analysis of survey data from representatives from nations within the Association of South East Asian Nations regarding current efforts, challenges and future opportunities for drowning prevention. Twenty-two responses were received from respondents from all ASEAN nations excepting Cambodia and Myanmar. Drowning prevention initiatives varied across ASEAN nations, with most efforts focused on public education and raising awareness, including the provision of drowning data to the media. The lack of comprehensive, national level data collection was identified as a challenge, necessitating strengthened data collection capacity. Governmental involvement spanned one to six different ministries, highlighting the multi-sectoral nature of drowning prevention. However, a lead ministry could be identified in only two countries. Despite the challenges identified, there remain many opportunities to strengthen drowning prevention across ASEAN nations, addressing a significant regional public health threat.
Topics: Humans; Drowning; Asia, Southeastern; Public Health; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38843123
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304138 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2024The aim of this study is to describe a case of haemoglobinuria in a cat after near-drowning. A 6-year-old male neutered domestic short hair cat weighing 6.5 kg with a...
The aim of this study is to describe a case of haemoglobinuria in a cat after near-drowning. A 6-year-old male neutered domestic short hair cat weighing 6.5 kg with a pre-existing seizure disorder presented to an emergency hospital after near-drowning in a swimming pool during a seizure episode. On presentation, the patient was obtunded, dyspnoeic, bradycardic and hypothermic. Imaging revealed evidence of severe bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Treatment with intravenous diazepam, amoxicillin, fluid therapy, active warming and oxygen therapy was administered. The cat developed haemoglobinuria approximately 6 h after nearly drowning. Despite improvements in mentation, pulse quality and heart rate, respiratory compromise and poor oxygen saturation persisted, prompting euthanasia approximately 10 h after admission. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported clinical case of haemoglobinuria following near-drowning in veterinary medicine.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Male; Cat Diseases; Hemoglobinuria
PubMed: 38818774
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1451 -
Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema Masquerading as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.Cureus Apr 2024Immersion pulmonary edema, also known as swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), manifests with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia from flash pulmonary edema...
Immersion pulmonary edema, also known as swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), manifests with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia from flash pulmonary edema after surface swimming, often in healthy young individuals with no predisposing conditions. SIPE commonly resolves spontaneously within 24-48 hours but can be fatal. Post-mortem findings demonstrate heavy, edematous lungs and frothy airways. Although these pathologic findings are like those seen in patients with drowning, SIPE, by definition, is associated with pulmonary edema that develops with a closed glottis without drowning/aspiration. However, patients who develop SIPE during swimming could lose consciousness and drown. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and the medical literature infrequently describes SIPE. Due to the multifactorial and complex pathophysiology and the scarcity of medical literature describing SIPE, the diagnosis could be difficult at presentation. This case report elaborates on diagnosing and treating swimming-induced pulmonary edema in a hypertensive and obese female who presented to our emergency room with an acute onset of shortness of breath after recreational swimming in a pool.
PubMed: 38817463
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59392 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024This study investigated serum, vitreous, and anterior chamber fluid electrolyte changes, corneal thickness (CT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and...
BACKGROUND/AIM
This study investigated serum, vitreous, and anterior chamber fluid electrolyte changes, corneal thickness (CT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) as an auxiliary diagnostic method in the identification of drowning in fresh or salt water.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study used 35 healthy, adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits, seperated into five groups (control, saltwater drowning (SWD), saltwater immersion (SWI), freshwater drowning (FWD), freshwater immersion (FWI)). CT, CV, ACV, and ACD measurements were made with Pentacam topography at 0, 2, and 4 h in all groups. Magnesium (mg), sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl) were measured in the blood at 0 and 2 h, and in blood, vitreous fluid, and humor aqueous at 4 h.
RESULTS
It was determined that CT, CV, ACV, and ACD are not of great value in drowning diagnosis and are affected by the fresh or salt water rather than drowning. Vitreous Na, Cl, and Mg levels are ineffective in determining drowning after one h. Anterior chamber fluid may provide valuable information in the differentiation freshwater - saltwater drownings at the 4th h in corpses retrieved from water.
CONCLUSION
Anterior chamber fluid Na and Cl levels, especially in corpses removed from salt water, can be an easily used test that can help diagnose drowning.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Drowning; Male; Fresh Water; Vitreous Body; Anterior Chamber; Sodium; Magnesium; Chlorine; Cornea; Seawater; Aqueous Humor; Immersion
PubMed: 38812651
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5764 -
BMC Public Health May 2024The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals both underscore the critical need to reduce the under-five mortality rate globally....
BACKGROUND
The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals both underscore the critical need to reduce the under-five mortality rate globally. China has made remarkable progress in decreasing the mortality rate of children under five. This study aims to examine the trends in child mortality rates from 2002 to 2022 and the causes of deaths among neonates, infants, and children under 5 years of age from 2013 to 2022 in Huangshi.
METHODS
The data resource was supported and provided by the Huangshi Health Commission, Huangshi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and the Huangshi Statistics Bureau. Figures were drawn using Origin 2021.
RESULTS
The mortality rate among children under 5 years old significantly decreased, from 21.38 per 1,000 live births in 2002 to 3.53 per 1,000 live births in 2022. The infant mortality rate also saw a significant decline, to 15.06 per 1,000 live births. Among the 1,929 recorded child deaths from 2013 to 2022, the top three causes were: F2 (Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight), accounting for 17.26% (333 deaths); I1 (Accidental drowning and submersion), for 14.83% (286 deaths); and I3 (Other accidental threats to breathing), for 12.29% (237 deaths). Of the 1,929 deaths, 1,117 were male children, representing 57.91%. The gender disparity in the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) was calculated to be 1.38 (boys to girls). The leading causes of death under the age of five shifted from F2 (Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight) to I1 (Accidental drowning and submersion) as children aged, highlighting the need for policymakers and parents to intensify care and vigilance for children.
CONCLUSIONS
Huangshi has achieved significant progress in lowering child mortality rates over the past two decades. The study calls for policymakers to enact more effective measures to further reduce the mortality rate among children under 5 years of age in Huangshi. Furthermore, it advises parents to dedicate more time and effort to supervising and nurturing their children, promoting a safer and healthier development.
Topics: Humans; China; Infant; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Female; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies; Infant Mortality; Cause of Death
PubMed: 38807078
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18955-3 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Although previous research has examined the risk factors for drowning behavior among adolescents, it is unclear whether this association is influenced by water safety...
INTRODUCTION
Although previous research has examined the risk factors for drowning behavior among adolescents, it is unclear whether this association is influenced by water safety knowledge. This study aimed to examine whether water safety knowledge is associated with adolescents' drowning risk behaviors and whether drowning risk perceptions and attitudes could have a chain mediating role in the association between water safety knowledge and adolescents' drowning risk behaviors.
METHODS
This study included 7,485 adolescents from five Chinese provinces and cities. We used the Drowning Risk Behaviors Scales (DRBS) to evaluate the risk of drowning behaviors. The Water Safety Knowledge Scale (WSKS) was used to evaluate the competence level of water safety knowledge. The Drowning Risk Perceptions Scale (DRPS) was used to evaluate the risk level of perceptions, and the Drowning Risk Attitudes Scale (DRAS) was used to evaluate the risk level of attitudes.
RESULTS
The results of the mediating effect test showed that water safety knowledge (WSK) affected drowning risk behaviors (DRB) through three indirect paths. Drowning risk perceptions (DRP) and attitudes (DRA) have significantly mediated the association between WSK and DRB. In conclusion, DRP and DRA can act as mediators between WSK and DRB, not only individually, but also as chain mediators, where the direct effect is-0.301, the total indirect effect is-0.214, and the total mediated indirect effect is 41.5%.
DISCUSSION
Water safety knowledge negatively predicts adolescents' drowning risk behaviors; water safety knowledge has an inhibitory effect on drowning risk perceptions. Water safety knowledge can directly influence adolescents' drowning risk perceptions and indirectly affect drowning risk behaviors through the mediation of drowning risk perceptions and attitudes comprising three paths: (1) the drowning risk perceptions mediation path, (2) the drowning risk attitudes mediation path, and (3) the drowning risk perceptions and attitudes mediation paths.
Topics: Humans; Drowning; Adolescent; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Female; Male; China; Risk-Taking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Safety; Adolescent Behavior
PubMed: 38799683
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354231 -
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) Jun 2024Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins regulate protein structures and functions. A single protein molecule can possess multiple modification sites that can...
MOTIVATION
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins regulate protein structures and functions. A single protein molecule can possess multiple modification sites that can accommodate various PTM types, leading to a variety of different patterns, or combinations of PTMs, on that protein. Different PTM patterns can give rise to distinct biological functions. To facilitate the study of multiple PTMs on the same protein molecule, top-down mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a useful tool to measure the mass of intact proteins, thereby enabling even PTMs at distant sites to be assigned to the same protein molecule and allowing determination of how many PTMs are attached to a single protein.
RESULTS
We developed a Python module called MSModDetector that studies PTM patterns from individual ion mass spectrometry (I2MS) data. I2MS is an intact protein mass spectrometry approach that generates true mass spectra without the need to infer charge states. The algorithm first detects and quantifies mass shifts for a protein of interest and subsequently infers potential PTM patterns using linear programming. The algorithm is evaluated on simulated I2MS data and experimental I2MS data for the tumor suppressor protein p53. We show that MSModDetector is a useful tool for comparing a protein's PTM pattern landscape across different conditions. An improved analysis of PTM patterns will enable a deeper understanding of PTM-regulated cellular processes.
AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
The source code is available at https://github.com/marjanfaizi/MSModDetector.
Topics: Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Software; Mass Spectrometry; Algorithms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Databases, Protein; Proteins
PubMed: 38796681
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae335 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is related to higher morbidity and mortality among adolescents. The present study analyzed the independent and...
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is related to higher morbidity and mortality among adolescents. The present study analyzed the independent and cumulative effects of ACE exposure on the likelihood of PTSD and a CPSTD diagnosis in Ugandan adolescents. A sample of 401 schoolchildren participated in the study. The primary aim was to collect information on ACEs, PTSD, CPTSD, and attachment styles among adolescents living in different countries. It was found that exposure to 2-3 ACEs and exposure to 4-5 ACEs were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis, while exposure to sexual abuse, bullying, threats of violence, and near-drowning were significantly related to CPTSD diagnosis. Fearful attachment style was significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis. The results propose that biological, psychological, and social issues interact and contribute to the differential prevalence of ACE, attachment styles, and PTSD/CPTSD. This study underscores the importance of addressing childhood-averse and traumatic experiences as a public health priority in Uganda.
PubMed: 38790512
DOI: 10.3390/children11050517