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Cells Jun 2024The 9p21.3 genomic locus is a hot spot for disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and its strongest associations are with coronary artery disease...
The 9p21.3 genomic locus is a hot spot for disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and its strongest associations are with coronary artery disease (CAD). The disease-associated SNPs are located within the sequence of a long noncoding RNA ANRIL, which potentially contributes to atherogenesis by regulating vascular cell stress and proliferation, but also affects pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Altered expression of a neighboring gene, , has been also recognized to correlate with obesity and hepatic steatosis in people carrying the risk SNPs. In the present study, we investigated the impact of 9p21.3 on obesity accompanied by hyperlipidemia in mice carrying a deletion of the murine ortholog for the 9p21.3 (Chr4) risk locus in hyperlipidemic background. The Chr4 mice showed decreased mRNA expression of insulin receptors in white adipose tissue already at a young age, which developed into insulin resistance and obesity by aging. In addition, the pathway was downregulated together with the expression of specifically in the white adipose tissue in Chr4 mice. These results suggest that the 9p21.3 locus, ANRIL lncRNA, and their murine orthologues may regulate the key energy metabolism pathways in a white adipose tissue-specific manner in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Hypercholesterolemia; Mice; Humans; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Male; Gene Deletion; Genetic Loci; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Adipose Tissue, White; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 38891115
DOI: 10.3390/cells13110983 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction for which effective interventions are lacking. The...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction for which effective interventions are lacking. The burden of NAFLD is increasing at an alarming rate. NAFLD is frequently associated with morbidities such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, etc. The current study explored the potential role of in treating mice with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results indicated the critical role of BPIS in treating NAFLD by effectively restoring the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At the same time, 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that BPIS remodeled the overall structure of the gut microbiota from fatty liver diseases towards that of normal counterparts, including ten phylum and twenty genus levels. Further study found that the expression of tight junction proteins was upregulated in the BPIS-treated group. This study provides new insights into the potential NAFLD protective effects induced by polyphenols of foxtail millet.
PubMed: 38890912
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111683 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In recent years, the bakery industry has been exploring alternative fats to replace traditional solid fats. Shortening, a common baking ingredient, is produced through...
In recent years, the bakery industry has been exploring alternative fats to replace traditional solid fats. Shortening, a common baking ingredient, is produced through the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, resulting in high levels of saturated and trans fatty acids, despite its vegetable oil origin. The excessive consumption of these fats has been associated with negative health effects, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular issues. Oleogels, incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), and olive oil, were utilized to replace shortening in the production of white pan bread. The substitution of shortening with oleogel in the white pan bread preparation demonstrated potential reductions in saturated fat, trans fat, and the ratio of saturated fat to unsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, with the complete substitution of shortening with oleogel, saturated fatty acids decreased by 52.46% and trans fatty acids by 75.72%, with unsaturated fatty acids increasing by 57.18%. Our findings revealed no significant difference in volume between bread made with shortening and bread with up to 50% shortening substitution. Moreover, when compared to bread made with shortening and 50% oleogel substitution, no adverse effects on the quality characteristics of volume and expansion properties were observed, and the retrogradation rate was delayed. This study suggests that incorporating oleogels, formed with hydrocolloids such as HPMC and XG, to replace shortening in bread, in conjunction with traditional solid fats, provides positive effects on the quality and nutritional aspects of the bread compared to using oleogel alone. Through this study, we demonstrate the use of oleogels as a healthier alternative to shortening, without reducing the bread's quality, thus offering a practical solution to reduce unhealthy fats in bakery products.
PubMed: 38890906
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111678 -
Cureus May 2024Hypertension (HTN) is the most generally acknowledged modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease....
Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Adults Attending Medical Outpatient Clinics at Ibn Sina General Hospital Authority in Mukalla City, Yemen.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is the most generally acknowledged modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease. Accordingly, the World Health Organization has listed HTN as the third greatest cause of death globally.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of HTN and its associated risk factors among adults attending medical clinics at Ibn Sina Hospital Authority in Mukalla City, Yemen.
METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire applied to 384 male and female adults aged ≥18 years attending Ibn Sina General Hospital Authority outpatient clinics in Mukalla City, Yemen, between December 2022 and May 2023. The participant's body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 25.0, Armonk, NY). P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Among the 384 participants, 20.5% had HTN, and the remaining (79.5%) did not have HTN, with a substantial proportion (47.2%) reporting a positive family history of HTN. Diabetes mellitus was present in 16.1% of the participants, whereas dyslipidemia and other chronic diseases were reported by 9.3% and 15.8% of the participants, respectively. A total of 75.6% of the participants had never smoked, and 11.7% were past smokers. More than half of the participants (57.29%) had never chewed khat, 20.57% were former khat chewers, and 22.14% were currently chewing khat. Nutritional status, as indicated by body mass index, showed that 29.8% were overweight.
CONCLUSIONS
HTN was found to be prevalent among the study participants. However, the respondents' awareness of the problem and the overall control rates were very low. Certain factors, such as family history of HTN, diabetes mellitus, and high body mass index, were found to be associated with HTN. Therefore, intervention measures are warranted emphasizing modifiable risk factors to prevent HTN.
PubMed: 38887361
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60540 -
ARYA Atherosclerosis 2023The prevention and control of dyslipidemia, as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a priority for the healthcare system to reduce the burden...
INTRODUCTION
The prevention and control of dyslipidemia, as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a priority for the healthcare system to reduce the burden of these diseases. The purpose of this protocol is to outline the key steps of the first Iranian Dyslipidemia Clinical Practice Guideline development, which can be used by other researchers as a guide to design a standard, comprehensive, evidence-based, and local context-based guideline.
METHOD
This guideline will be developed and reported according to the format of the World Health Organization (WHO) Handbook for Guideline Development. All members of the guideline development team will sign the declaration-of-competing-interests (DOI) forms. The development of the authors' guideline will be supported by five groups: the steering committee (SC), the Guideline Developing Group (GDG), the systematic review (evidence synthesis) group, and the external review group. The authors will also establish a patient advisory group to inform guideline development by patients' values and preferences. The SC and GDG will determine the scope of the guideline and will design PICO questions. The systematic review group will systematically search Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception. The systematic review group will assess the risk of bias and create evidence summaries using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recommendations of this guideline will be divided into strong recommendations and weak or conditional recommendations or suggestions.
CONCLUSION
This clinical practice guideline will provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with new evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of dyslipidemia in children and adults.
PubMed: 38883849
DOI: 10.48305/arya.2023.41868.2904 -
Research Square Jun 2024The prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities (CMM) among adults is relatively high, imposing a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. Dietary...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities (CMM) among adults is relatively high, imposing a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. Dietary patterns play a significant role in the occurrence and development of CMM. This study aimed to identify the combined types of CMM in adult populations and investigate the impact of dietary patterns on CMM.
METHODS
Participants in this study were from the sixth wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary intake was assessed using a three-day 24-hour dietary recall method among 4,963 participants. Latent profile analysis was used to determine dietary pattern types. Two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify the combined types of CMM based on the participants' conditions of hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes, renal dysfunction, hypertension, and stroke. Logistic regression analysis with robust standard errors was used to determine the impact of dietary patterns on CMM.
RESULTS
Participants were clustered into three dietary patterns (Pattern 1 to 3) and five CMM types (Class I to V). Class I combined six diseases, with a low proportion of diabetes. Class II also combined six diseases but with a high proportion of diabetes. Class III combined four diseases, with a high proportion of hypertension. Class IV combined three diseases, with the highest proportions of hyperuricemia, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. Class V combined two diseases, with high proportions of dyslipidemia and renal dysfunction. Patients with Class III CMM had a significantly higher average age than the other four classes ( ≤ 0.05). Compared to those with isolated dyslipidemia, individuals with a low-grain, high-fruit, milk, and egg (LCHFM) dietary pattern had a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia combined with renal dysfunction (Class V CMM) with an odds ratio of 2.001 (95% 1.011-3.960, ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
For individuals with isolated dyslipidemia, avoiding a low-grain, high-fruit, milk, and egg (LCHFM) dietary pattern may help reduce the risk of developing dyslipidemia combined with renal dysfunction (Class V CMM).
PubMed: 38883798
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4451883/v1 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024This study explored the association between dyslipidemia and sleep and nighttime behavior disorders (SNBD) in the elderly.
High serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels in older adults: associations with sleep and nighttime behavior disorders at baseline and a prediction analysis of incidental cases at 12 months follow-up.
INTRODUCTION
This study explored the association between dyslipidemia and sleep and nighttime behavior disorders (SNBD) in the elderly.
METHODS
ADNI population with complete Cholesterol, Triglyceride, SNBD, and neurocognitive data were included. Logistic regression was performed to study the association between dyslipidemia and SNBD at baseline and 12 months. Relevant confounders were adjusted for.
RESULTS
Among the 2,216 included cases, 1,045 (47%) were females, and the median age was 73 (IQR: 68, 78). At baseline, 357 (16%) had SNBD, and 327 (18%) at 12 months; 187 were incident cases. There were more cases of baseline SNBD in the hypertriglyceridemia group than in those without (19% vs. 14%, -value=0.003). Similarly, more follow-up SNBD cases had hypertriglyceridemia at baseline (21% vs. 16%, -value=0.025). SNBD cases at baseline had significantly higher serum Triglyceride levels than those without (132 vs. 118mg/dL, -value<0.001). Only hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with baseline SNBD (crude OR=1.43, 95% : 1.13,1.80, -value=0.003), even after adjustment for confounding factors (adj.OR=1.36, 95% : 1.06,1.74, -value=0.016) and (BMI-adj.OR=1.29, 95% : 1.00,1.66, value=0.048). None of the dyslipidemia forms did predict incident cases at 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Hypertriglyceridemia, but not hypercholesterolemia, was associated with higher odds of SNBD. None of the dyslipidemia forms predicted incidental SNBD over 12 months.
PubMed: 38883726
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.24308529 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continues to rise steadily, making it a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) serves as a... (Review)
Review
The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continues to rise steadily, making it a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) serves as a primary driver of these conditions, commencing silently at an early age and culminating in adverse cardiovascular events that severely impact patients' quality of life or lead to fatality. Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plays a pivotal role in AS pathogenesis as an independent risk factor. Research indicates that abnormal LDL-C accumulation within arterial walls acts as a crucial trigger for atherosclerotic plaque formation. As the disease progresses, plaque accumulation may rupture or dislodge, resulting in thrombus formation and complete blood supply obstruction, ultimately causing myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and other common adverse cardiovascular events. Despite adequate pharmacologic therapy targeting LDL-C reduction, patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities remain at high risk for disease recurrence, highlighting the importance of addressing lipid risk factors beyond LDL-C. Recent attention has focused on the causal relationship between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and their remnants in AS risk. Genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies suggest a causal relationship between TRLs and their remnants and the increased risk of AS, and this dyslipidemia may be an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Particularly in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, disordered TRLs and its remnants levels significantly increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development. Accumulation of over-synthesized TRLs in plasma, impaired function of enzymes involved in TRLs lipolysis, and impaired hepatic clearance of cholesterol-rich TRLs remnants can lead to arterial deposition of TRLs and its remnants, promoting foam cell formation and arterial wall inflammation. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of TRLs-induced AS and targeting it therapeutically could slow or impede AS progression, thereby reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, particularly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Lipoproteins; Triglycerides; Atherosclerosis; Animals; Dyslipidemias; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38883601
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1409653 -
ARYA Atherosclerosis 2023Cerebral ischemia and coronary artery disease (CAD), the major leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, are pathophysiologically interrelated. Cerebral...
INTRODUCTION
Cerebral ischemia and coronary artery disease (CAD), the major leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, are pathophysiologically interrelated. Cerebral ischemic events are categorized as large or small vessels disease. The current study compares the factors related to CAD events incidence following ischemic large versus small disease CVA.
METHOD
The current cohort study was conducted on 225 patients with ischemic stroke in two groups of large (n=75) and small (n=150) vessel disease during 2018-19. The patients' demographic, medical, and clinical characteristics were recruited. They were followed for three years regarding the incidence of CAD events, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable angina (UA), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Data about the coronary angiography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and the therapeutic approach were gathered.
RESULTS
There were insignificant differences between the patients with small versus large vessels CVA in terms of ACS incidence (P-value=0.105), type of the events (P-value=0.836), angiographic (P-value=0.671), SPECT (P-value=0.99) and CTA findings (P-value>0.99) and approached CAD (P-value=0.728). Cox regression assessments revealed an increased risk of CAD events due to large versus small vessels disease after adjustments for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, re-stroke, and the previous history of IHD (HR=2.005, 95%CI: 1.093-2.988, P-value=0.021).
CONCLUSION
According to the findings of this study, large-vessel involvement in an ischemic stroke was associated with more than a two-fold increase in the three-year probability of ischemic heart disease incidencet.
PubMed: 38882650
DOI: 10.48305/arya.2023.26660.2820 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024To compare the effects of tofacitinib and adalimumab on the risk of adverse lipidaemia outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of tofacitinib and adalimumab on the risk of adverse lipidaemia outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
Data of adult patients newly diagnosed with RA who were treated with tofacitinib or adalimumab at least twice during a 3-year period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020, were enrolled in the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Patient demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory data were matched by propensity score at baseline. Outcome measurements include incidental risk of dyslipidemia, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS
A total of 7,580 newly diagnosed patients with RA (1998 receiving tofacitinib, 5,582 receiving adalimumab) were screened. After propensity score matching, the risk of dyslipidaemia outcomes were higher in the tofacitinib cohort, compared with adalimumab cohort (hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.250 [1.076-1.453]). However, there is no statistically significant differences between two cohorts on MACE (HR, 0.995 [0.760-1.303]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.402 [0.887-2.215]).
CONCLUSION
Tofacitinib use in patients with RA may increase the risk of dyslipidaemia to some extent compared to adalimumab. However, there is no differences on MACE and all-cause mortality.
PubMed: 38881871
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370661