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BMC Public Health Jun 2024Depressive disorders have been identified as a significant contributor to non-fatal health loss in China. Among the various subtypes of depressive disorders, dysthymia...
BACKGROUND
Depressive disorders have been identified as a significant contributor to non-fatal health loss in China. Among the various subtypes of depressive disorders, dysthymia is gaining attention due to its similarity in clinical severity and disability to major depressive disorders (MDD). However, national epidemiological data on the burden of disease and risk factors of MDD and dysthymia in China are scarce.
METHODS
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by MDD and dysthymia in China between 1990 and 2019. The temporal trends of the depressive disorder burden were evaluated using the average annual percentage change. The comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of DALYs attributed to risk factors, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project the burden of depressive disorders.
RESULTS
From 1990 to 2019, the overall age-standardized estimates of dysthymia in China remained stable, while MDD showed a decreasing trend. Since 2006, the raw prevalence of dysthymia exceeded that of MDD for the first time, and increased alternately with MDD in recent years. Moreover, while the prevalence and burden of MDD decreased in younger age groups, it increased in the aged population. In contrast, the prevalence and burden of dysthymia remained stable across different ages. In females, 11.34% of the DALYs attributable to depressive disorders in 2019 in China were caused by intimate partner violence, which has increasingly become prominent among older women. From 2020 to 2030, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of dysthymia in China are projected to remain stable, while MDD is expected to continue declining.
CONCLUSIONS
To reduce the burden of depressive disorders in China, more attention and targeted strategies are needed for dysthymia. It's also urgent to control potential risk factors like intimate partner violence and develop intervention strategies for older women. These efforts are crucial for improving mental health outcomes in China.
Topics: Humans; China; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Young Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Adolescent; Prevalence; Aged; Risk Factors; Incidence; Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Bayes Theorem; Forecasting
PubMed: 38872130
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18943-7 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships between...
Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships between depression and different types of female reproductive disorders remain unclear in terms of direction and magnitude. We conducted a comprehensive investigation using a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis, incorporating publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Our aim was to establish a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and the risk of various female reproductive pathological conditions, such as ovarian dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), ovarian cysts, abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding(AUB), endometriosis, leiomyoma of the uterus, female infertility, spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, pregnancy hypertension, gestational diabetes, excessive vomiting in pregnancy, cervical cancer, and uterine/endometrial cancer. We analyzed a substantial sample size, ranging from 111,831 to 210,870 individuals, and employed robust statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity analyses, such as Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots, were also conducted to ensure the validity of our results. Furthermore, risk factor analyses were performed to investigate potential mediators associated with these observed relationships. Our results demonstrated that genetic predisposition to depression or dysthymia was associated with an increased risk of developing PCOS (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59; P = 6.66 × 10), ovarian cysts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55; P = 1.57 × 10), AUB (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.66; P = 3.01 × 10), and endometriosis (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.70; P = 2.21 × 10) after Bonferroni correction, but no evidence for reverse causality. Our study did not find any evidence supporting a causal or reverse causal relationship between depression/dysthymia and other types of female reproductive disorders. In summary, our study provides evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and specific types of female reproductive disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of depression management in the prevention and treatment of female reproductive disorders, notably including PCOS, ovarian cysts, AUB, and endometriosis.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; Endometriosis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Ovarian Cysts; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38472314
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55993-8 -
Cureus Jan 2024Objectives This study aims to understand the statistical significance of the associations between diagnoses and symptoms based on simulations that have been used to...
Objectives This study aims to understand the statistical significance of the associations between diagnoses and symptoms based on simulations that have been used to understand the interpretability of mental illness diagnoses. Methods The symptoms for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes, dysthymic disorder, and manic episodes were extracted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Without real-world symptom data, we simulated populations using various combinations of symptom prevalence and correlations. Assuming symptoms occurred with similar prevalence and correlations, for each combination of symptom prevalence (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) and correlation (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.9), 100 cohorts with 10,000 individuals were randomly created. Diagnoses were made according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The associations between the diagnoses and their input symptoms were quantified with odds ratios and correlation coefficients. P-values from 100 cohorts for each combination of symptom prevalence and correlation were summarized. Results Three mental illness diagnoses were not significantly correlated with their own symptoms in all simulations, particularly when symptoms were not correlated, except for the symptom in the major criteria of major depressive episodes or dysthymic disorder. The symptoms for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder were significantly correlated with these two diagnoses in some simulations, assuming 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, or 0.9 symptom correlations, except for one symptom. The overlap in the input symptoms for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder also leads to significant correlations between these two diagnoses, assuming 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.9 correlations between input symptoms. Manic episodes are not significantly associated with the input symptoms of major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder. Conclusion There are challenges to establish the causation between psychiatric symptoms and mental illness diagnoses. There is insufficient prevalence and incidence data to show all psychiatric symptoms exist or can be observed in patients. The diagnostic accuracy of symptoms to detect a disease cause is far from perfect. Assuming the symptoms of three mood disorders may present in patients, three diagnoses are not significantly associated with all psychiatric symptoms used to diagnose them. The diagnostic criteria of the three diagnoses have not been designed to guarantee significant associations between symptoms and diagnoses. Because statistical associations are important for making causal inferences, there may be a lack of causation between diagnoses and symptoms. Previous research has identified factors that lead to insignificant associations between diagnoses and symptoms, including biases due to data processing and a lack of epidemiological evidence to support the design of mental illness diagnostic criteria.
PubMed: 38352079
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52234 -
Brain Sciences Dec 2023(1) Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is divided into type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II). Polarity at onset (PO) is a proposal to specify the clinical course of BD, based...
(1) Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is divided into type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II). Polarity at onset (PO) is a proposal to specify the clinical course of BD, based on the type of the first episode at disorder onset-depressive (D-PO) or manic (M-PO). At the same time, affective temperaments represent preexisting variants of the spectrum of affective disorders. Our objectives were to investigate the hypothesis that temperament may exert an influence on PO, and that this factor can serve as an indicator of the forthcoming course of the disorder, carrying significant therapeutic implications. (2) Methods: We included 191 patients with BD and examined clinical variables and temperament; the latter was assessed using the short version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A-39-SV). We tested the associations between these variables and PO using standard univariate/bivariate methods followed by multivariate logistic regression models. (3) Results: 52.9% of the sample had D-PO and 47.1% had M-PO. D-PO and M-PO patients scored higher for dysthymic and hyperthymic temperaments, respectively ( < 0.001). Also, they differed in BD subtypes, age at first affective episode, illness duration, number of depressive episodes, seasonality, suicide risk, substance use, lithium, and benzodiazepine use ( < 0.05). Only BD-II and age at first depressive episode were predictors of D-PO, whereas BD-I, age at first manic/hypomanic episode, and hyperthymic temperament were predictors of M-PO ( < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Our findings point to the importance of carefully assessing temperament and PO in patients with BD, to better predict the clinical course and tailor therapeutic interventions to individual patients' needs.
PubMed: 38248232
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010017 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2023Depression is increasingly recognized as a worldwide serious, public health concern. A better understanding of depression is important for advancing its management and...
BACKGROUND
Depression is increasingly recognized as a worldwide serious, public health concern. A better understanding of depression is important for advancing its management and learning the difference between major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia. Our aim is to conduct a concurrent analysis of the trends of both MDD and dysthymia in China.
METHODS
The data on depression from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). To determine the average annual percent changes (AAPC) and relative risks (RRs), joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort models were employed, respectively.
RESULTS
The incidence number of MDD and dysthymia continuously increased in China from 1990 to 2019, however, the age-standardized rates (ASR) had a decreasing trend in both men and women. The results from joinpoint regression showed that a declining trend was presented in young people (< 50 years) but an increased trend in the elderly (≥ 50 years) both in men and women, during 1990-2019. Age is the most influential factor for MDD and dysthymia. Age RRs for MDD incidence had an overall increasing trend with age. Period RR in MDD presented a U-shaped pattern, while Cohort RRs presented an inverted U-shaped pattern. On the other hand, RRs in dysthymia for period and cohort effects had no statistical significance, only the age effect presented an inverted U-shaped pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The disparities in trends observed between MDD and dysthymia during the period of 1990-2019 indicated the significance of distinguishing between these two disorders. The age, period and cohort effects all had a greater impact on MDD than on dysthymia, and age effects presented different influential patterns in these two. To alleviate the burden of depressive disorders in China, proactive measures need to be implemented, with particular attention to the elderly population.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Adolescent; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Incidence; China; Cohort Effect
PubMed: 37926849
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17025-4 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors...
BACKGROUND
Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors in female and male patients with oral cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective search of the TriNetX network (TriNetX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with oral cancer (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes C02-C06), within the past 20 years from the access date April 21, 2023. Patients were categorized according to sex (female vs. male). Following matching for age and risk factors such as nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and risk, odds, and hazard ratios were calculated. Outcome variables were five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the female and male patient cohort were compared with regard to the novel diagnosis of depression (depressive episode, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder) after the tumor diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 77,348 patients were assessed. After propensity score matching, 26,578 male and 26,578 female patients were included in each group (mean age 63 years). DFS (71.92% in females vs. 68.29% in males; hazard ratio (HR) 0.870; < 0.001) and OS (77.08% in females vs. 71.74% in males; HR 0.793; < 0.001) were significantly higher in the female cohort. However, in patients diagnosed with depression after the initial cancer diagnosis (N = 4,824), survival was worse in female patients compared to male patients (82.48% in females vs. 86.10% in males; HR 1.341; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This retrospective case-control study showed that females with oral cancer had a better DFS and OS than males. However, survival in females with a newly diagnosed depression after the oral cancer diagnosis was worse compared to those of male oral cancer patients. Depression may be a relevant prognostic factor that contributes to sex disparities in oral cancer patients.
PubMed: 37901332
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248926 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Sep 2023Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental...
BACKGROUND
Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental disorders and the risk of suicide attempt are inconclusive, and have been performed with non-clinical samples.
OBJECTIVE
To establish the psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Comparative, prospective, correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 50 female participants was used, divided into 2 groups: one of cases, (n = 25), made up of female patients between 15 and 19 years of age with suicide attempt, and a control group of pairs (n = 25) with no history of suicide attempt. The following instruments were applied: the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the K-Sads-PL, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale.
RESULTS
A greater presence of the disorders evaluated was found: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in the group with suicide attempt. Furthermore, the case group obtained higher mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale.
CONCLUSIONS
The results agree with most of previous studies. It is suggested to carry out preventive interventions in cases where a considerably increased risk is detected.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Suicide, Attempted; Depressive Disorder, Major; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Mental Disorders; Suicidal Ideation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37768952
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8316441 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. Dysthymia, a long-lasting form of depressive disorder that is also known as persistent depressive...
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. Dysthymia, a long-lasting form of depressive disorder that is also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD) with pure dysthymic syndrome according to the (DSM-5), is characterised by being difficult to treat. The most prominent therapeutic approaches in treating dysthymia are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but recent studies also demonstrate the success of neurofeedback in treating individuals with depressive disorders. However, infra-low-frequency (ILF) neurofeedback, the main new neurofeedback protocol, lacks empirical evidence, and there is no evidence that it can treat dysthymia. This case report investigates the ILF neurofeedback method in a male patient with dysthymia. After 45 sessions of ILF neurofeedback combined with ILF synchrony, a decrease in symptom severity was found on assessment after treatment, and these results remained consistent at a low level at a 6-month follow-up. Additionally, the patient reported benefits on interpersonal and cognitive levels and in daily life situations. This study should incentivise further investigations into using ILF neurofeedback to treat dysthymia and all variations of depressive disorders.
PubMed: 37753989
DOI: 10.3390/bs13090711 -
Gut and Liver May 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a stress disorder characterized by psychological and gastrointestinal dysfunction. IBS patients not only suffer from... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a stress disorder characterized by psychological and gastrointestinal dysfunction. IBS patients not only suffer from intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation but also, experience dysthymic disorders such as anxiety and depression. Studies have found that corticotropin-releasing hormone plays a key role in IBS with comorbid dysthymic disorders. Next, we will summarize the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the central nervous system and periphery on IBS with comorbid dysthymic disorders and relevant treatments based on published literatures in recent years.
Topics: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Humans; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dysthymic Disorder; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37551453
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220346