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JBRA Assisted Reproduction May 2024The study aimed to evaluate the impact of CE on the expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 during the late proliferative phase in the endometrium of infertile women.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of CE on the expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 during the late proliferative phase in the endometrium of infertile women.
METHODS
A prospective, translational cohort study was conducted in partnership with the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro in Niterói and the Clínica Ginendo in Rio de Janeiro after approval by the Ethics Committee. The patients were selected to participate in the study after showing an indication for hysteroscopy. All participants were divided into three groups: infertile women with endometritis (n=10), infertile women without endometritis (n=17) and fertile women without endometritis (n=10). At hysteroscopy, two endometrial samples were obtaneid, with one sent for histopathological examination per the gynecologist's request and the other used for immunohistochemistry procedures to evaluate the expression of CD138, HOXA10 and HOXA11. CD138 was used to confirm the diagnosis of CE. The analysis of HOXA10 and HOXA11 was performed using the HScoring method for immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibodies.
RESULTS
Women with and without endometritis had lower HOXA10 and HOXA11 expression values than women in the control group (fertile women without endometritis).
CONCLUSIONS
The expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 during the proliferative phase is not significantly different between infertile women with endometritis and infertile women without endometritis. Translational studies with a larger number of patients should be performed.
PubMed: 38801313
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20240035 -
F&S Science May 2024The aim of this study is to investigate potential differences in pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes between two hyperandrogenic conditions in reproductive-aged...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate potential differences in pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes between two hyperandrogenic conditions in reproductive-aged women; polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
DESIGN
Retrospective population-based study with data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (HCUP-NIS) from 2004 to 2014.
SUBJECTS
14,881 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 298 women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preeclampsia and eclampsia superimposed on hypertension, preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membrane, abruptio placenta, chorioamnionitis, mode of delivery, maternal infection, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy, intrapartum, or postpartum), maternal death, chorioamnionitis, septicemia during labor, postpartum endometritis, septic pelvic, peritonitis, small for gestational age, congenital anomalies, intrauterine fetal demise.
RESULTS
After adjusting for potential confounders we found that women with PCOS were at increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (adjusted OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.12-2.77; p=0.015) and gestational diabetes (adjusted OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.12-2.52; p=0.012) when compared to women with CAH. Contrary women with CAH were at increased risk for delivery via cesarean section (adjusted OR 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44-0.80; p<0.001) and small for gestational age neonates (adjusted OR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20-0.52; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study is the first to directly compare obstetrical and neonatal outcomes between patients with PCOS and CAH. Despite the similar phenotypes and some common hormonal and biochemical profiles such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism, our results suggest the existence of additional metabolic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications.
PubMed: 38795844
DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.05.001 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Objectives were to assess differences in uterine microbiome associated with clinical cure and pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows treated for metritis. Cows with metritis...
Objectives were to assess differences in uterine microbiome associated with clinical cure and pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows treated for metritis. Cows with metritis (reddish-brownish, watery, and fetid vaginal discharge) were paired with cows without metritis based on parity and days postpartum. Uterine contents were collected through transcervical lavage at diagnosis, five days later following antimicrobial therapy (day 5), and at 40 days postpartum. Uterine microbiome was assessed by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Although alpha-diversity based on Chao1, Shannon, and inverse Simpson indexes at diagnosis did not differ between cows with and without metritis, disease was associated with differences in beta-diversity. Prevalence of Porphyromonas, Bacteroides, and Veillonella was greater in cows with metritis. Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, and Ureaplasma were more prevalent in cows without metritis. Differences in beta-diversity between cows with and without metritis persisted on day 5. Uterine microbiome was not associated with clinical cure. Richness and alpha-diversity, but not beta-diversity, of uterine microbiome 40 days postpartum were associated with metritis and pregnancy. No relationship between uterine microbiome and pregnancy outcomes was observed. Results indicate that factors other than changes in intrauterine bacterial community underlie fertility loss and clinical cure in cows with metritis.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Pregnancy; Uterus; Microbiota; Pregnancy Outcome; Endometritis; Cattle Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 38789554
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61704-0 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Female genital tract infections (FGTIs) include vaginal infections (e.g., bacterial vaginosis [BV]), endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease [PID], and... (Review)
Review
Female genital tract infections (FGTIs) include vaginal infections (e.g., bacterial vaginosis [BV]), endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease [PID], and chorioamnionitis [amniotic fluid infection]. They commonly occur in women of reproductive age and are strongly associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including increased risk of HIV/sexually transmitted infection acquisition and transmission, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth. These FGTIs are characterized by a disruption of the cervicovaginal microbiota which largely affects host immunity through the loss of protective, lactic acid-producing spp. and the overgrowth of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria. species (spp.), anaerobic Gram-negative rods, are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple bacterial FGTIs. Specifically, , , and have unique virulence factors in this setting, including resistance to antibiotics commonly used in treatment. Additionally, evidence suggests that the presence of spp. in untreated BV cases can lead to infections of the upper female genital tract by ascension into the uterus. This narrative review aims to explore the most common spp. in FGTIs, highlight their important role in the pathogenesis of FGTIs, and propose future research in this area.
PubMed: 38787215
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050364 -
Veterinary Sciences May 2024A bacterium was isolated and identified from the secretion of a rhesus monkey with endometritis. The morphological results showed that the strain exhibited round,...
A bacterium was isolated and identified from the secretion of a rhesus monkey with endometritis. The morphological results showed that the strain exhibited round, convex, gray-white colonies with smooth surfaces and diameters ranging from 1 to 2 mm when cultured on Columbia blood agar at 37 °C for 24 h; on salmonella-shigella agar (S.S.) at 37 °C for 24 h, the colonies appeared round, flat, and translucent. Gram staining showed negative results with blunt ends and non-spore-forming characteristics. Molecular biology results showed that the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain revealed over 96.9% similarity with published sequences of from different sources in the NCBI GenBank database. Morphological and molecular biology analysis confirmed that the strain (RM2023) isolated from cervical secretions of rhesus monkey was . Drug sensitivity testing demonstrated that the isolated strain (RM2023) was sensitive to ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin, and tetracycline; moderately sensitive to ampicillin; and resistant to penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. The research findings provide valuable insights for disease prevention in rhesus monkeys and contribute to molecular epidemiological studies.
PubMed: 38787195
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050223 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... May 2024To assess the (i) predictors of and associated rates of success and; (ii) maternal and perinatal outcomes of women undergoing trial of labour after two previous...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the (i) predictors of and associated rates of success and; (ii) maternal and perinatal outcomes of women undergoing trial of labour after two previous caesarean sections (TOLA2C).
STUDY DESIGN
This retrospective cohort study collected data from two regional obstetric centres with 12,000 deliveries per annum collectively. The population included singleton pregnancies undergoing (i) TOLA2C, (ii) elective repeat caesarean section following two caesarean sections (ERCS) and (iii) trial of labour after one caesarean section (TOLA1C). Data was collected electronically from 2013 to 2021. Statistical analysis included Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare unpaired samples alongside univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The primary outcome measure was maternal and perinatal outcome.
RESULTS
The three groups included; n = 146 TOLA2C, n = 206 ERCS and n = 99 TOLA1C. TOLA2C had a success rate of 65 % compared to 74 % for TOLA1C (p = 0.16). The optimal predictor of successful TOLA2C was previous successful TOLA1C OR 8.65 (95 % CI 2.75-38.41). TOLA2C was associated with greater risk of endometritis and/or sepsis postnatally compared to the other two groups [10.3 % (n = 15) versus 0.5 % (n = 1) and 3 % (n = 3) for ERCS and TOLA1C respectively p < 0.01]. It was also associated with longer maternal hospital stay [2.4 days (+/-1.8) versus 1.8 (+/-0.8) and 1.8 (+/-1.7) p < 0.01], a greater proportion of neonates with Apgar scores less than 7 (p=<0.01) and higher rates of neonatal unit admission [14 % (n = 20) versus 5 % (n = 11) versus 4 % (n = 4) (p=<0.01)].
CONCLUSION
Women considering trial of labour following two caesarean sections should be counselled regarding the potential increased risk of endometritis, sepsis and adverse neonatal outcome.
PubMed: 38776845
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.020 -
Comprehensive exploration unveiling the sonography and histopathology of uterine leiomyoma in a cow.Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2024Genital tumours are rare among cattle, largely due to their relatively short lifespans. Leio-myoma, a smooth muscle tumour being more prevalent in dogs, appears only at...
Genital tumours are rare among cattle, largely due to their relatively short lifespans. Leio-myoma, a smooth muscle tumour being more prevalent in dogs, appears only at a rate of 1.00 - 2.00% in cattle, affecting reproductive efficiency in cases of complete uterine obstruction. This case report involves an 8-year-old cow with repeated insemination attempts unveiled 5.00 cm intra-luminal uterine mass, obstructing the right uterine horn. Transrectal sonography (TRUS) revealed a highly vascularized mass with normal ovarian function. Confirmation of clinical condition, , uterine leiomyoma, uterine biopsy concluded the presence of neoplastic smooth muscle cells arranged in interlacing bundles showing mild pleomorphism, and special staining using Masson's trichrome revealed an unappreciable amount of connective tissue; subsequently right flank celiotomy was performed to remove the benign tumour. Forty-five days after celiotomy, TRUS examination confirmed an unobstructed uterine horn, and bilateral oviduct patency was adjudged with 2.50% methylene blue. Following treatment for chronic endometritis, artificial insemination led to conception nearly 90 days post-procedure. The TRUS aids preliminary diagnosis, while definitive identification demands necropsy and surgical methods. This case underscores the diagnostic significance of TRUS, histopathology and celiotomy for identifying and managing uterine leiomyoma in cattle.
PubMed: 38770205
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2024.2018975.4112 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if progesterone (P4) profiles differed between dairy cows with or without inflammatory disorders early...
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if progesterone (P4) profiles differed between dairy cows with or without inflammatory disorders early postpartum. A total of 708 cows from 2 commercial herds were enrolled 3 wk before parturition and examined for clinical health disorders (retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, mastitis, or lameness) until 5 wk postpartum. Serum haptoglobin (Hp) was measured in blood at 2 and 6 (±2) DIM, metritis was assessed at 4, 8, 11, and 15 DIM, and purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis (≥6% polymorphonuclear cells in endometrial cytology sampled by cytobrush) were assessed at 35 ± 3 DIM. As Hp ≥0.8 g/L or endometritis were associated with ovarian dysfunction in previous studies, cows with serum Hp ≥0.8 g/L at either time point and endometritis, regardless of clinical disease, were classified as the cohort with inflammatory disorders (INFLAM; n = 139). Clinically healthy cows without difficult calving or twin birth, with Hp <0.8 g/L at both sampling times, without endometritis, and BCS ≥3.00 (1 to 5 scale) were classified as healthy (n = 133). Cows with only one of the 2 conditions (high Hp or endometritis) were excluded. Cohorts had serum P4 measured twice weekly from 35 to 70 (±3) DIM, and the first detected luteal phase (LP) during the sampling period was defined as the interval from onset of luteal activity (P4 increase to ≥1 ng/mL) until decline of P4 to <1 ng/mL. The odds of prolonged LP (≥21 d), average LP length, peak P4, and time to P4 decline (hazard rate) were analyzed using multivariable mixed logistic, linear, or Cox proportional hazard regression models including INFLAM status, parity, sampling day (when applicable), and herd as a random effect considering the covariates of season, milk yield at first DHIA test, and DIM at onset of cyclicity or LP length (when applicable). Cows with INFLAM had greater odds of prolonged LP (LSM ± SEM; 67% vs. 37% ± 7), greater average LP length (17 vs. 15 ± 2 d), lesser P4 at d 4 (4.6 vs. 5.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL) and d 7 (6.0 vs. 7.7 ± 0.3 ng/mL) of the LP, and lesser peak P4 (6.9 vs. 8.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL) during the LP than healthy cows. Status of INFLAM was associated with time to P4 decline in multiparous but not primiparous cows; the LP of INFLAM multiparous cows was less likely to have luteolysis (P4 decline) by d 14 [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and 95% CI: 0.54; 0.31 to 0.94] or by d 21 (AHR: 0.32; 0.12 to 0.84) than in healthy multiparous cows. In conclusion, postpartum cows with markers of systemic inflammation at wk 1 and uterine inflammation at wk 5 had altered luteal function (prolonged LP and lower P4 concentrations) before first breeding, which is a possible pathway linking postpartum health disorders and infertility.
PubMed: 38754832
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24604 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024Our objective was to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) or intrauterine (IU) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at 5 or 40 d postpartum (DPP) on clinical signs,...
Our objective was to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) or intrauterine (IU) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at 5 or 40 d postpartum (DPP) on clinical signs, systemic and uterine inflammation, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield (MY). Holstein cows at 5 DPP (n = 23) or at 40 DPP (n = 24) were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: 1) IV-LPS [0.0625 μg/kg BW (5 DPP) or 0.1 μg/kg BW (40 DPP) over 1h], 2) IU-LPS [100 μg (5 DPP) or 300 μg (40 DPP) in 20 mL saline], or 3) 20 mL saline IU (IU-SAL; same for 5 and 40 DPP). The proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was measured by endometrial cytology at d -1, 1, 4, and 7 relative to treatment. Blood haptoglobin (Hp), serum-amyloid A (SAA), and LPS-binding protein (LBP), DMI, and MY were measured from d -1 through 7. Data were analyzed separately for each DPP group in multivariable linear regression models accounting for repeated measures. For both DPP groups, there were increases in rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and a decrease in rumination rate following IV-LPS, but not following IU-LPS. At 5 DPP, endometrial PMN proportion was similar in IU-LPS and IU-SAL. Serum Hp was unaffected by LPS challenge, SAA was greater in IV-LPS from 12 to 24 h after challenge, and LBP was greater in IV-LPS from 8 to 24 h. At 40 DPP, PMN was greater in IU-LPS (37 ± 4%) than in IU-SAL (15 ± 4%) 1 d after LPS challenge. Serum Hp was greater from 24 to 72 h after challenge in IV-LPS than in the other groups, SAA was greater in IV-LPS from 6 to 48 h, and LBP was greater in IV-LPS from 8 to 24 h. At both 5 and 40 DPP, treatment did not affect DMI, but MY was lesser in IV-LPS cows at 12 and 24 h than in IU-SAL or IU-LPS. The IV-LPS challenge resulted in more pronounced changes in clinical signs and acute phase protein (APP) concentrations than IU-LPS or IU-SAL at 40 DPP, but more subtle or inconsistent changes at 5 DPP. These may be due to the different doses of LPS used at 5 and 40 DPP or possibly due to the high variation in baseline clinical signs and APP observed in all groups at 5 DPP. The IU-LPS increased uterine PMN 1 d after challenge at 40 DPP, but not at 5 DPP. At each time, IU-LPS did not produce changes in clinical signs or markers of systemic inflammation.
PubMed: 38754820
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24497 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde May 2024Feeding raw meat is becoming increasingly common among dog owners. This feeding practice can pose a hygienic risk and can lead to health risks for dogs and their owners....
Feeding raw meat is becoming increasingly common among dog owners. This feeding practice can pose a hygienic risk and can lead to health risks for dogs and their owners. Hygienically sound food rations, that are balanced in terms of all nutrients and energy, must be feed to breeding dogs. The aim of this study was to record the influence of raw feeding on the occurrence of mastitis, metritis and the survival of puppies. An online questionnaire was sent to kennel club registered dog breeders in Germany and Switzerland. A total of 531 litters were recorded and evaluated. Mastitis and/or metritis were present in 9,2 % and 2,8 % (n = 49 and n = 15, respectively) of the breeding bitches. 29 % (n = 154) of the breeders reported loss of puppies in the litter. The most common cause were stillbirths (n = 105 litters with 187 stillborn puppies), and/or early mortality (n = 50 litters with 73 puppies that died in the first 48 hours). The occurrence of puppy losses in the litter and/or a higher proportion of puppy losses in the litter was favored by increased body weight of the bitch in larger dog breeds, existing previous illnesses, previously reported gestation or postpartum problems, increasing length of the parturition phase and/or a cesarean section. A higher total number of surviving puppies was associated with increased weight and anamnestic reported health of the bitch and the use of milk powder instead of other milk substitutes. A relationship between raw feeding and the occurrence of mastitis, metritis, the total number of surviving puppies and/or the occurrence or proportion of pup losses in the litter and was not found in this study. However very few breeders in this cohort fed their bitches raw, which in turn was due to the random selection of breeders. Many years of breeding experience and the increasing parity of the bitch had a clearly positive influence on the health of the bitch.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Female; Dog Diseases; Mastitis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Endometritis; Switzerland; Germany; Pregnancy; Stillbirth; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38747035
DOI: 10.17236/sat00423