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Microorganisms May 2024Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by...
Collider Bias Assessment in Colombian Indigenous Wiwa and Kogui Populations with Chronic Gastroenteric Disorder of Likely Infectious Etiology Suggests Complex Microbial Interactions Rather Than Clear Assignments of Etiological Relevance.
Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by recurring diarrhea of variable intensity, in the rural north-east of Colombia are common findings, making the assignment of etiological relevance to individual pathogens challenging. In a population of 773 indigenous people from either the tribe Wiwa or Kogui, collider bias analysis was conducted comprising 32 assessed microorganisms including 10 bacteria ( spp., spp., enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), spp., Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), spp./enteroinvasive (EIEC), and spp.), 11 protozoa ( spp., spp., spp., , , /// complex, , , , and ), 8 helminths ( spp., , spp., , spp., spp., spp. and spp.), microsporidia ( spp.) and fungal elements (microscopically observed conidia and pseudoconidia). The main results indicated that negative associations potentially pointing towards collider bias were infrequent events (n = 14), while positive associations indicating increased likelihood of co-occurrence of microorganisms quantitatively dominated (n = 88). Microorganisms showing the most frequent negative associations were EPEC (n = 6) and spp. (n = 3), while positive associations were most common for spp. (n = 16), (n = 15), spp./EIEC (n = 12), spp. (n = 11) and spp. (n = 10). Of note, positive associations quantitively dominated for spp. In conclusion, collider bias assessment did not allow clear-cut assignment of etiological relevance for detected enteric microorganisms within the assessed Colombian indigenous population. Instead, the results suggested complex microbial interactions with potential summative effects. Future studies applying alternative biostatistical approaches should be considered to further delineate respective interactions.
PubMed: 38792799
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050970 -
Galen Medical Journal 2023Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal surgeries. The importance of parasitic etiologies in the pathogenesis of appendicitis is not well known...
BACKGROUND
Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal surgeries. The importance of parasitic etiologies in the pathogenesis of appendicitis is not well known in appendectomy specimens on a large scale in southwestern Iran. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic data and histopathological records of appendicitis in a 28-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Histopathological records of 13,013 patients who had undergone surgeries for appendicitis at Dr. Ali Shariati Hospital, affiliated with the Fasa University of Medical Sciences from December 1993 to January 2021 were reviewed and data concerning the patients' demographic data and histopathological records were retrieved from each record. More than 6800 archived microscopic glass slides were also reviewed.
RESULTS
From a total of 13,013 histopathological records of surgical excisions of appendicitis that were reviewed over a 28-year period, 8,189 (62.9%) were male and 4,842 (37.1%) were female. Patients' age ranged from 2 to 98 years, with a mean age of 24.68±19.87 years. The most common inflammatory changes were 5,687 (43.7%), 1,228 (9.4%), 670 (5.1%), 522 (4%), and 363 (2.8%) cases of acute appendicitis, suppurative appendicitis, early acute appendicitis, gangrenous appendicitis, and perforated appendicitis respectively. Microscopically, no viral inclusions, fungal elements, and histopathologic findings of bacterial causes were found. Parasitic infections such as helminthiasis were detected in 74 (0.6%) cases aged from 6 to 63. Enterobiasis (Syn. oxyuriasis, pinworm infection) accounted for 73 (98.6%) of the 74 helminthiases, while ascariasis accounted for 1 (1.4%). Out of 74 cases, 29 (39.2%) showed evidence of appendicitis.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that although parasitic agents are minor causes of appendicitis, these agents should be kept in mind during differential diagnosis. However, whether every parasitic infection leads to appendicitis is controversial.
PubMed: 38774854
DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v12i.2482 -
Clinical Case Reports May 2024Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by . All members of her family were also infected by this helminth. Treatment with...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by . All members of her family were also infected by this helminth. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members and it was found that the entire family had been cured.
ABSTRACT
Vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulvovaginal mucous membranes, is a common reason for pediatric gynecology consultations. One of the causes of this condition is a parasitic worm known as (). In girls, adult worms can infiltrate the vagina and release eggs, leading to the development of vulvovaginitis. Furthermore, these worms have the ability to invade the endometrial cavity too. Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by . All members of her family were also infected by this parasitic helminth. In the vaginal sample, apart from the eggs, the female adult worm was observed under the microscope. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members, and their progress was followed for a period of 3 weeks, during which it was found that the entire family had been cured. This patient experienced significant improvement in symptoms related to severe anxiety, nervousness, vaginal inflammation, itching, and vulvovaginitis caused by . To prevent infection by , it is crucial to disinfect underwear and bed sheets. In kindergartens, the spread of this parasite should not be underestimated, and asymptomatic individuals who have been exposed to infected persons should receive treatment to prevent an epidemic. Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene, especially after using the toilet, is of the most importance, particularly for girls who are more susceptible to infection. Additionally, it is essential for all family members to be aware of the transmission routes of this parasite.
PubMed: 38725928
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8902 -
BMC Women's Health Apr 2024Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also referred to as pinworm, is a widespread human intestinal parasite which predominantly occurs in young children, making...
BACKGROUND
Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also referred to as pinworm, is a widespread human intestinal parasite which predominantly occurs in young children, making their caretakers a population at risk for the transmission of this helminth. It can occasionally affect extraintestinal organs and tissues, including the female genital tract. Infestation can be asymptomatic or manifest as different kinds of gynaecological disorders, such as pelvic inflammation mimicking tumours, abnormal uterine bleeding, or vaginitis. Diagnosis is made by identifying ova in the sample collected from the perineal skin using a transparent adhesive tape or microscopic examination of resected tissue. Mebendazole is the first-line medication and should also be administered to all household members.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of a patient who had undergone surgery for invasive cervical cancer with an accidental finding of E. vermicularis eggs in the cervix.
CONCLUSIONS
Although not very common, infestation with E. vermicularis should be considered in differential diagnoses of various gynaecological disorders accompanied by histological findings of granulomatous inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Enterobiasis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Enterobius; Animals; Mebendazole; Cervix Uteri; Diagnosis, Differential; Middle Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38678281
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03073-4 -
Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024This study determines the incidence of common viral and helminth coinfections with malaria in the tertiary care hospital set up in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
INTRODUCTION
This study determines the incidence of common viral and helminth coinfections with malaria in the tertiary care hospital set up in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The multidimensional research included malaria patients admitted to different hospitals of district Kohat during January and December 2021. Stool samples and blood were assembled from the patients. Giemsa-stained microscopy-positive samples were processed by the immunochromatography technique (ICT) to identify species. Common viral infections such as viral hepatitis (A, B, and C), HIV, and dengue (DENV) were analyzed by ICT kits while SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed through real-time PCR. Furthermore, the intestinal helminths were identified using the Kato-Katz thick smear method.
RESULTS
Among 1278 patients, 548 were diagnosed with malaria, 412 (75.2%) were positive for infection, 115 (21%) for , and 21 (3.8%) for mixed malaria infection (), with a higher incidence among males (65.2%) than females (34.8%). Coinfection with helminths was positive in 215 (39.3%) malaria patients. The most common infections were caused by the species (42.6%) followed by (31.7%) and hookworm. A total of 24.6% of malaria-positive cases were also coinfected with different viruses with higher frequencies of confection for HAV (8.2%) and DENV (6.2%), respectively. The patients revealed higher incidence of coinfections with (57%) as compared with (39.2%) and mixed infections (3.7%).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the study population exhibited a significant incidence of coinfections with intestinal helminth and viral malaria.
PubMed: 38576602
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8529788 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Mar 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and head lice in primary school-aged children and to determine a possible...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and head lice in primary school-aged children and to determine a possible relationship between the co-occurrence of ecto-endoparasites.
METHODS
The study were conducted in three schools in the center of Sivas: Sivas Karşıyaka Primary School, Kılavuz İMKB Primary School, and Karşıyaka 27 June Middle School. The presence of head lice and intestinal parasites was investigated in a total of 563 children aged 6 to 17, with 294 girls and 269 boys. Classroom teachers and students were provided with information about intestinal parasites, head lice, and methods of transmission and prevention, and a questionnaire was administered. During the head lice examination, students were inspected with a comb, and samples with nits were examined under a microscope in the laboratory. Cellophane tape and stool samples obtained from the participants were examined on the same day using the native-lugol, flotation, and trichrome staining methods under a light microscope (x10, x40, x100).
RESULTS
Five hundred sixty-three children were evaluated for head lice and 15 (2.6%) were found to be positive. During the examination, only nits were found in 11 students (1.9%), and both adult lice and nymphs were seen in 4 students (0.7%). Head lice were found positive in 2 out of 269 boys (0.7%), while 13 out of 294 girls (4.2%) positive (p<0.05). As a result of stool examination in children, was found in 11 (1.95%), in 4 (0.71%), sp. in 14 (2.48%), in 8 (1.42%) and spp. in 2 (0.35%). Head lice infestation and spp. were found to coexist in 2 (0.35%) children.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, although there has been a noticeable decrease in head lice and intestinal parasites among primary school-aged children in Sivas province, these conditions are still present, as evidenced by previous studies conducted in our region.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Female; Animals; Humans; Pediculus; Lice Infestations; Parasites; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Schools
PubMed: 38449365
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.04796 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Mar 2024In this study, it was aimed to examine the distribution of intestinal parasites detected in people who applied to the parasitology laboratory of Fırat University...
OBJECTIVE
In this study, it was aimed to examine the distribution of intestinal parasites detected in people who applied to the parasitology laboratory of Fırat University Faculty of Medicine between January 2018 and December 2021.
METHODS
Parasitological examination reports of a total of 24,432 patients who applied to the Parasitology Laboratory of Fırat University Faculty of Medicine between January 2018 and December 2021 were examined retrospectively for the presence of intestinal parasites.
RESULTS
A total of 24,432 (male: 12,887, 52.75%; female: 11,545, 47.25%) patients whose stool and cellophane tape samples were analyzed during the four-year period between January 2018 and December 2021 were included in the study. Intestinal parasites were found in 335 (1.4%) of the 24,432 patients examined. The most frequently detected parasite was (n=149, 46.6%), followed by (n=123, 38.5%) and (n=28, 8.6%). When the distribution of parasite detection rates by years was examined, it was seen that the highest rate was in 2021 and the lowest rate was in 2019.
CONCLUSION
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPE) are one of the most important public health problems in the world and in our country. Various factors such as the education level of the society, socio-economic status, infrastructure and climate affect the distribution of IPE. When we look at the distribution of parasites by years, it is 1.3% in 2018; 1.13% in 2019; 1.18% in 2020; In 2021, we found it to be 2.03%. We think that this increase in intestinal parasites is caused by the infrastructure and sheltering problems caused by the earthquake in our region.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Animals; Parasites; Retrospective Studies; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Hospitalization; Hospitals, University
PubMed: 38449364
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2024.03521 -
La Tunisie Medicale Jun 2023Acute appendicitis is a common health problem mainly due to a lumen obstruction. The obstruction is mainly due to fecal material, lymphoid hyperplasia or parasites....
INTRODUCTION
Acute appendicitis is a common health problem mainly due to a lumen obstruction. The obstruction is mainly due to fecal material, lymphoid hyperplasia or parasites. Foreign bodies and especially seeds have been rarely reported as causes of acute appendicitis and account for less than 1% of the different causes.
CASE REPORT
The authors described a rare case of acute appendicitis caused by seed and causing diagnostic challenge with the most frequent parasites observed in the appendix lumen. Different arguments were gathered to rule out enterobius vermicularis, taenia species, ascaris infection or schistosomiasis.
CONCLUSION
Seed-caused-appendicitis has to be known and identified by pathologists in order to avoid the diagnosis of parasites infection which may induce an overuse of antibiotics after the appendectomy.
Topics: Humans; Appendicitis; Enterobiasis; Retrospective Studies; Appendix; Appendectomy; Acute Disease
PubMed: 38372548
DOI: No ID Found -
Systematic Parasitology Feb 2024Larvae of European rose chafer Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) and cockchafer Melolontha sp. beetles were collected in Hungary for parasitological study. Intestinal...
Larvae of European rose chafer Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) and cockchafer Melolontha sp. beetles were collected in Hungary for parasitological study. Intestinal examination revealed the presence of three well-known thelastomatid nematodes belonging to the genus Cephalobellus Cobb, 1920. We report for the first-time Cephalobellus cuspidatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Leibersperger, 1960, C. osmodermae Leibersperger, 1960, and C. potosiae Leibersperger, 1960 in Hungary, all found in scarab beetle larvae. Due to incomplete original descriptions, a comprehensive redescription with detailed morphological data is presented. Additionally, an identification key for closely related Cephalobellus, Thelastoma and Severianoia species infesting scarab beetles worldwide is provided. Newly generated 18S and 28S rDNA gene sequences of C. osmodermae place it as one of the early branches within Thelastomatidae.
Topics: Animals; Enterobius; Coleoptera; Hungary; Species Specificity; Nematoda
PubMed: 38369578
DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10124-1 -
Osong Public Health and Research... Dec 2023Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the...
Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%-17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.
PubMed: 38204424
DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204