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PloS One 2024Bactrian camels inhabiting desert and semi-desert regions of China are valuable animal models for studying adaptation to desert environments and heat stress. In this...
Distribution characteristics of gastric mucosal colonizing microorganisms in different glandular regions of Bactrian camels and their relationship with local mucosal immunity.
Bactrian camels inhabiting desert and semi-desert regions of China are valuable animal models for studying adaptation to desert environments and heat stress. In this study, 16S rRNA technology was employed to investigate the distribution characteristics and differences of mucosal microorganisms in the anterior gland area, posterior gland area, third gland area, cardia gland area, gastric fundic gland area and pyloric gland area of 5-peak adult healthy Bactrian camels. We aimed to explore the possible reasons for the observed microbial distribution from the aspects of histological structure and mucosal immunity. Bacteroides and Fibrobacteria accounted for 59.54% and 3.22% in the gland area, respectively, and 52.37% and 1.49% in the wrinkled stomach gland area, respectively. The gland area showed higher abundance of Bacteroides and Fibrobacteria than the wrinkled stomach gland area. Additionally, the anterior gland area, posterior gland area, third gland area, and cardia gland area of Bactrian camels mainly secreted acidic mucus, while the gastric fundic gland area mainly secreted neutral mucus and the pyloric region mainly secreted a mixture of acidic and neutral mucus. The results of immunohistochemistry techniques demonstrated that the number of IgA+ cells in the anterior glandular area, posterior glandular area, third glandular area, and cardia gland area was significantly higher than that in the fundic and pyloric gland area (p < 0.05), and the difference in IgA+ between the fundic and pyloric gland area was not significant (p > 0.05). The study revealed a large number of bacteria that can digest and degrade cellulose on the mucosa of the gastric gland area of Bactrian camels. The distribution of IgA+ cells, the structure of the mucosal tissue in the glandular region, and the composition of the mucus secreted on its surface may have a crucial influence on microbial fixation and differential distribution.
Topics: Animals; Camelus; Gastric Mucosa; Immunity, Mucosal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Immunoglobulin A; Male
PubMed: 38814894
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300316 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common types of vasculitis in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common types of vasculitis in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the effects of age and sex on the clinical course in children with IgAV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective study including pediatric patients diagnosed with IgAV who attended follow-ups at the pediatric rheumatology department of a tertiary healthcare institution between January 1997 and December 2020. The patients were grouped and compared according to sex and age at diagnosis (<7 years vs. ≥7 years).
RESULTS
The study included 709 children with IgAV, 392 (55.3%) of whom were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 ± 3.2 years. The most common disease onset season was autumn (31.2%). Upper respiratory infections (27.8%) were the most common predisposing factors. Gastrointestinal system (GIS), joint, and renal involvement were observed in 52.8%, 47.5%, and 17.5% of patients, respectively. Renal involvement, GIS involvement, and disease relapse were significantly more common among those diagnosed after 7 years of age compared to those diagnosed before the age of 7 (p < 0.001, p = 0.033, and p < 0.001, respectively). Scrotal involvement and subcutaneous edema were more common among those diagnosed at younger than 7 years compared to those aged ≥7 years at diagnosis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). GIS involvement was more frequently seen in males compared to females (p = 0.046).
CONCLUSION
It was demonstrated that being ≥7 years of age at diagnosis or being a male were associated with higher likelihood of renal and GIS involvement in children with IgAV.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Sex Factors; Age Factors; Adolescent; Immunoglobulin A; Seasons; Vasculitis
PubMed: 38813037
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5700 -
Central-European Journal of Immunology 2024There is evidence that influenza vaccination may provide additional benefits by inducing training of innate immunity and increasing humoral responses to heterologous...
There is evidence that influenza vaccination may provide additional benefits by inducing training of innate immunity and increasing humoral responses to heterologous challenges. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies dominate the early phase of the adaptive response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but whether their production may be associated with previous influenza vaccination has not been a subject of any study. This study compared serum SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA responses, measured with Microblot-Array assay, in individuals who experienced COVID-19 (N = 1318) and differed in the status of the seasonal influenza vaccine, age, sex, and disease severity. Influenza-vaccinated individuals had a higher seroprevalence of IgA antibodies against nucleocapsid (anti-NP; by 10.1%), receptor-binding domain of spike protein (anti-RBD; by 11.8%) and the S2 subunit of spike protein (anti-S2; by 6.8%). Multivariate analysis, including age, sex, and COVID-19 severity, confirmed that receiving the influenza vaccine was associated with higher odds of being seropositive for anti-NP (OR, 95% CI = 1.57, 1.2-2.0), anti-RBD (OR, 95% CI = 1.6, 1.3-2.0), and anti-S2 (OR, 95% CI = 1.9, 1.4-2.7), as well as being seropositive for at least one anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody (OR, 95% CI = 1.7, 1.3-2.1) and all three of them (OR, 95% CI = 2.6, 1.7-4.0). Age ≥ 50 years was an additional factor predicting better IgA responses. However, the concentration of particular antibodies in seropositive subjects did not differ in relation to the influenza vaccination status. The study evidenced that influenza vaccination was associated with improved serum IgA levels produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are necessary to assess whether trained immunity is involved in the observed phenomenon.
PubMed: 38812601
DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2024.135462 -
Science Advances May 2024Viruses, bacteria, and parasites frequently cause infections in the gastrointestinal tract, but traditional vaccination strategies typically elicit little or no mucosal...
Viruses, bacteria, and parasites frequently cause infections in the gastrointestinal tract, but traditional vaccination strategies typically elicit little or no mucosal antibody responses. Here, we report a strategy to effectively concentrate immunogens and adjuvants in gut-draining lymph nodes (LNs) to induce gut-associated mucosal immunity. We prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) based on biodegradable oils commonly used as vaccine adjuvants, which encapsulated a potent Toll-like receptor agonist and displayed antigen conjugated to their surface. Following intraperitoneal administration, these NEs accumulated in gut-draining mesenteric LNs, priming strong germinal center responses and promoting B cell class switching to immunoglobulin A (IgA). Optimized NEs elicited 10- to 1000-fold higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers in the serum and feces, respectively, compared to free antigen mixed with NE, and strong neutralizing antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Thus, robust gut humoral immunity can be elicited by exploiting the unique lymphatic collection pathways of the gut with a lymph-targeting vaccine formulation.
Topics: Animals; Immunity, Humoral; Mice; Gastrointestinal Tract; Lymphoid Tissue; Immunity, Mucosal; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Antibodies, Viral; Lymph Nodes; Immunoglobulin A; COVID-19 Vaccines; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Female; B-Lymphocytes; Adjuvants, Vaccine; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Humans
PubMed: 38809992
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7786 -
Clinical Science (London, England :... Jun 2024Simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 and endothelin ETA receptors has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of chronic progressive kidney disease. This... (Review)
Review
Simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 and endothelin ETA receptors has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of chronic progressive kidney disease. This therapeutic approach has been advanced by the introduction of sparsentan, the first dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonist. Sparsentan is a single molecule with high affinity for both receptors. It is US Food and Drug Administration approved for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and is currently being developed as a treatment for rare kidney diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in these conditions. In parallel with clinical development, studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of sparsentan and its position in the context of published evidence characterizing the nephroprotective effects of dual ETA and AT1 receptor inhibition. This review summarizes this evidence, documenting beneficial anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and hemodynamic actions of sparsentan in the kidney and protective actions in glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, the tubulointerstitium, and podocytes, thus providing the rationale for the use of sparsentan as therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgAN and suggesting potential benefits in other renal diseases, such as Alport syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney; Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38808486
DOI: 10.1042/CS20240249 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases May 2024There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis, a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the...
BACKGROUND
There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis, a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the development of friable bullae. Careful clinical decision making is necessary when there is a risk of bleeding into the airway, and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to decreased patient morbidity during these high-risk scenarios, especially when confronted with an unusual cause for bleeding.
CASE SUMMARY
A 45-year-old African American female presented to our ambulatory surgical center for right corneal transplantation due to corneal perforation after blunt trauma in the setting of cicatricial conjunctivitis and diffuse corneal neovascularization from linear IgA bullous dermatosis. The diagnosis of IgA dermatosis was recent, and the patient had been lost to follow-up. The severity of the disease and extent of airway involvement was unknown at the time of the surgery. Significant airway bleeding was noticed upon intubation and the otorhinolaryngology team had to be called to the operating room. The patient required transfer to the intensive care unit where a multidisciplinary team was involved in her case. The patient was extubated on postoperative day 4.
CONCLUSION
A multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease is the best course of action before a surgical procedure. In our case, key communication between the surgery, anesthesia, and dermatology teams led to the quick and safe treatment of our patient's disease. Ambulatory surgery should not be considered for these cases unless they are in full remission and there is no mucous membrane involvement.
PubMed: 38808340
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i13.2263 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024Renal involvement is the most damaging long-term complication of Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) vasculitis. In the lack of a definite predictive biomarker for renal involvement,...
BACKGROUND
Renal involvement is the most damaging long-term complication of Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) vasculitis. In the lack of a definite predictive biomarker for renal involvement, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been proposed in recent years.
METHODS
In this prospective cohort of 48 pediatric patients who were admitted with IgA vasculitis from September 2015 to June 2017, two serum samples were taken 12 weeks apart to detect Anti-Phospholipid antibodies. All patients were followed-up for renal involvement for six months.
RESULTS
Renal involvement occurred in 14 out of 48 patients with IgA vasculitis (29.16%). APLs were positive in nine out of 14 patients with IgA vasculitis and renal involvement (64.28%), in contrast to only six out of 34 patients with IgA vasculitis without renal involvement (17.64%). The presence of aPL antibodies was statistically associated with renal involvement (P=0.002). Although, the relationship between both sex (P=0.025) and age (P=0.046) with aPL positivity was statistically significant, performing a modified logistic regression test, the odds ratio was significant between the groups with and without renal involvement only in term of age and aPL positivity).
CONCLUSION
The presence of aPL antibodies was statistically associated with renal involvement. We found a significant relationship between the age and aPL positivity. Hence, we need multicenter, more extensive cohort studies to reach a better and more accurate conclusion on the relationship between serum aPLs and renal involvement in IgA vasculitis patients.
PubMed: 38807720
DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.2.287 -
BMC Medical Genomics May 2024Human blood metabolites have demonstrated close associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in observational studies. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between...
BACKGROUND
Human blood metabolites have demonstrated close associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in observational studies. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between metabolites and CKD is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between metabolites and CKD risk.
METHODS
We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate relationships between 1400 blood metabolites and eight phenotypes (outcomes) (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), urine albumin to creatinine ratio, rapid progress to CKD, rapid decline of eGFR, membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy). The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median were used to investigate the causal relationship. Sensitivity analyses were performed with Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO Global test, and leave-one-out analysis. Bonferroni correction was used to test the strength of the causal relationship.
RESULTS
Through the MR analysis of 1400 metabolites and eight clinical phenotypes, a total of 48 metabolites were found to be associated with various outcomes. Among them, N-acetylleucine (OR = 0.923, 95%CI: 0.89-0.957, P = 1.450 × 10) has a strong causal relationship with lower risk of CKD after the Bonferroni-corrected test, whereas Glycine to alanine ratio has a strong causal relationship with higher risk of CKD (OR = 1.106, 95%CI: 1.063-1.151, P = 5.850 × 10). No horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were detected.
CONCLUSION
Our study offers groundbreaking insights into the integration of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for CKD. It underscores 48 metabolites as potential causal candidates, meriting further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Phenotype; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38807172
DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01918-3 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024This study investigated the effects of different combinations of antibacterial compounds (attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharides) on growth...
Effects of different combinations of antibacterial compound supplements in calf pellets on growth performance, health, blood parameters, and rumen microbiome of dairy calves.
This study investigated the effects of different combinations of antibacterial compounds (attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharides) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiome of calves. A total of 48 preweaning calves were randomly divided into four groups ( = 12 per group), and fed the following full mixed-ration granule diets for the 67-d-feeding trial: (1) basal diet (control group); (2) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharide (AEOCO group); (3) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite and chitosan oligosaccharide (ACO group); and (4) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite and plant essential oil (AEO group). The results showed that the daily weight gain of the AEOCO and AEO groups significantly increased ( < 0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio decreased compared with that of the control group. Among the three treatment groups, AEO group showed the most positive effect, with the diarrhea rate reduced by 68.2% compared with that of the control group. Total protein and globulin levels were lower in the AEO group than in the control group. Albumin levels were higher in the AEOCO and AEO groups than in the control group. Immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were higher in the AEOCO group ( < 0.05) than in the control group. The interleukin-6 concentration was lower in the AEOCO and AEO groups than in the control group ( < 0.05). The Chao 1 richness and ACE indices were higher in the AEOCO group than in the control group ( < 0.05). The ACO group had a significantly lower ( < 0.05) relative abundance of than the control group. The relative abundance of was the lowest in the control group, whereas that of and was the highest ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of was higher in the ACO and AEO groups ( < 0.05). These findings indicate that the combination of attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharides has ameliorative effects on the growth performance, blood parameters, and rumen microbiome of calves.
PubMed: 38803795
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1376758 -
Microbiome May 2024Vaginal microbiota composition is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), depending on ethnicity. Host-microbiota interactions are thought to play an important...
BACKGROUND
Vaginal microbiota composition is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), depending on ethnicity. Host-microbiota interactions are thought to play an important underlying role in this association between ethnicity, vaginal microbiota and sPTB.
METHODS
In a prospective cohort of nulliparous pregnant women, we assessed vaginal microbiota composition, vaginal immunoglobulins (Igs), and local inflammatory markers. We performed a nested case-control study with 19 sPTB cases, matched based on ethnicity and midwifery practice to 19 term controls.
RESULTS
Of the 294 included participants, 23 pregnancies ended in sPTB. We demonstrated that Lactobacillus iners-dominated microbiota, diverse microbiota, and ethnicity were all independently associated with sPTB. Microbial Ig coating was associated with both microbiota composition and ethnicity, but a direct association with sPTB was lacking. Microbial IgA and IgG coating were lowest in diverse microbiota, especially in women of any ethnic minority. When correcting for microbiota composition, increased microbial Ig coating correlated with increased inflammation.
CONCLUSION
In these nulliparous pregnant women, vaginal microbiota composition is strongly associated with sPTB. Our results support that vaginal mucosal Igs might play a pivotal role in microbiota composition, microbiota-related inflammation, and vaginal community disparity within and between ethnicities. This study provides insight in host-microbe interaction, suggesting that vaginal mucosal Igs play an immunomodulatory role similar to that in the intestinal tract. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vagina; Pregnancy; Adult; Premature Birth; Case-Control Studies; Prospective Studies; Microbiota; Ethnicity; Lactobacillus; Host Microbial Interactions; Immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulin A; Young Adult
PubMed: 38802950
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01787-z