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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, an important treatment with...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, an important treatment with proven efficacy, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. The aim of this study was to neurodevelopmentally evaluate patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Included herein were patients who underwent hypothermia between 2018 and 2020. Their medical files were reviewed retrospectively, and their demographic and clinical information was recorded. Patients whose contact information was available were called to the developmental pediatrics outpatient clinic for a neurodevelopmental evaluation. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) was used as the evaluation tool. Laboratory values and clinical parameters of the patients were further analyzed.
RESULTS
It was found that 42 patients underwent hypothermia in 3 years, of whom 14 (33.3%) had died. Of the 28 patients who were discharged, 20 children could be reached, and a neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed. Developmental delay in the cognitive area was detected in 11 (55%) patients, delay in the language area was found in 9 (45%) patients, and delay in the motor area was found in 11 (55%) patients. The correlation and regression analysis results determined that the time to start cooling was the most effective common factor in all 3 fields of scoring.
CONCLUSION
The time to start cooling is related to the neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with HIE. The earlier cooling is started, the better the neurodevelopmental results. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, the neurodevelopmental development of infants may be adversely affected. These patients should be followed-up neurodevelopmentally for a long time.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Hypothermia, Induced; Male; Female; Infant, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Infant; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities
PubMed: 38813516
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5748 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated the substantial presence of fibronectin (Fn) within...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated the substantial presence of fibronectin (Fn) within atherosclerotic plaques, promoting endothelial inflammation and activation. However, cellular Fn (cFn) secreted by various cell types, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and plasma Fn (pFn) produced by hepatocytes. They are distinct forms of Fn that differ in both structure and function. The specific contribution of different types of Fn in promoting endothelial cell activation and dysfunction remain uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the respective roles of pFn and endothelial cell-derived Fn (Fn) in promoting endothelial cell activation and dysfunction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Initially, endothelial cell injury was induced by exposing the cells to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and subsequently we generated a mutant strain of aortic endothelial cells with Fn knockdown (Fn). The impact of the Fn arel the addition of pFn on the expression levels of inflammatory factors, vasoconstrictors, and diastolic factors were compared.
RESULTS
The results showed that the Fn significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, p < 0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1, p < 0.05), and endothelin (p < 0.05) expression, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB, p < 0.05) activation. These results implied that Fn inhibited both endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Surprisingly, the addition of pFn significantly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced ICAM-1 (p < 0.05), VCAM-1 (p < 0.05), and endothelin (p < 0.05) expression and NFκB (p < 0.05) activation. Implying that pFn inhibits endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Additionally, the study revealed that ox-LDL stimulation enhanced the production of excessive nitric oxide, leading to severe endothelial cell damage.
CONCLUSION
Aortic Fn promotes endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction, whereas pFn inhibits ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction.
Topics: Fibronectins; Lipoproteins, LDL; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Cells, Cultured; NF-kappa B
PubMed: 38813506
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5735 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023It wasaimed herein to investigate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in cancer patients and compare hematological and solid organ cancer patients in terms of the course and...
BACKGROUND/AIM
It wasaimed herein to investigate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in cancer patients and compare hematological and solid organ cancer patients in terms of the course and outcome of this disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors for poor prognosis and the effect of vaccination on the clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 403 cancer patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1st, 2021, and November 30th, 2022, were included, of whom 329 (81.6%) had solid and 74 (18.4%) had hematological cancers. Hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates were significantly higher in the hematological cancer patients compared to the solid organ cancer patients (73.0% vs. 35.9%, p< 0.001 and 25.7% vs. 14.0%, p= 0.013, respectively). The COVID-19related case fatality rate (CFR) was defined as 15.4%, and it was higher in the hematologicalcancer patientsthan inthe solid organ cancer patients (23.0% vs. 13.7%, p= 0.045) and was higher in patients with metastatic/advanced disease compared to the other cancer stages (p< 0.001). In the solid organ cancergroup, hospitalization, ICU admission, and the COVID-19 CFR were higher in patients with respiratory and genitourinary cancers (p< 0.001). A total of 288 (71.8%) patients had receivedCOVID-19 vaccination; 164 (56.94%) had≤2 doses and 124 (43.06%) had≥3 doses. The hospitalization rate was higher in patients with ≤2 doses of vaccine compared to those with ≥3 doses (48.2% vs. 29.8%,p= 0.002). Patients with COVID-19related death had higher levels of leucocyte, neutrophil, D-dimer, troponin, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and ferritin and lower levels of lymphocyte than the survivors. In the logistic regression analysis,the risk of COVID-19related mortality was higher in the hematological cancer patients(OR:1.726), those who were male (OR:1.757), and with the Pre-Delta/Delta variants (OR:1.817).
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that there is an increased risk of COVID-19-related serious events (hospitalization, ICU admission, or death) in patients with hematological cancerscompared with those who have solid organ cancers. It wasalso shown that receiving ≥3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine is more protective against severe illness and the need for hospitalization than ≤2 doses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19 Vaccines; Aged; Hospitalization; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Intensive Care Units; Adult; Vaccination; Prognosis
PubMed: 38813483
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5744 -
Journal of Analytical Methods in... 2024We previously conducted a systematic study on the metabolic process and products of hederasaponin B in rats. We hypothesized that the sugar chain structures play a key...
We previously conducted a systematic study on the metabolic process and products of hederasaponin B in rats. We hypothesized that the sugar chain structures play a key role in the metabolism of triterpenoid saponins. To verify this hypothesis, we conducted metabolic research on ciwujianoside B ascribed to the same sugar chains and a distinct aglycone and compared it with hederasaponin B. Specifically, we collected feces, urine, and plasma of rats after gavage with ciwujianoside B and identified 42 metabolites by UPLC-Fusion Lumos Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Finally, ciwujianoside B metabolism and hederasaponin B metabolism were compared, reaching the following conclusions: (i) more than 40 metabolites were identified in both, with the majority of metabolites identified in feces; (ii) the corresponding metabolic pathways in vivo were basically similar, including deglycosylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, oxidation, and glycosylation; and (iii) deglycosylation was considered the main metabolic reaction, and its metabolites accounted for approximately 50% of all metabolites. Overall, this study provides a foundation for further research on the metabolism of triterpenoid saponins.
PubMed: 38813478
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3187511 -
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2024Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)...
INTRODUCTION
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a core brain region for social function. Whether it contributes to the defects of social communication in ASD and whether it could be physiologically modulated to improve social communication have been poorly investigated. This study is aimed at addressing these questions.
METHODS
Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutant and valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mice were used. Male-female social interaction was adopted to elicit ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate USV-activated neurons. Optogenetic and precise target transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were utilized to modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neuronal activity.
RESULTS
In wild-type (WT) mice, USV elicited rapid expression of c-Fos in the excitatory neurons of the left but not the right ACC. Optogenetic inhibition of the left ACC neurons in WT mice effectively suppressed social-induced USV. In - and VPA-induced ASD mice, significantly fewer c-Fos/CaMKII-positive neurons were observed in the left ACC following USV compared to the control. Optogenetic activation of the left ACC neurons in or VPA-pretreated mice significantly increased social activity elicited by USV. Furthermore, precisely stimulating neuronal activity in the left ACC, but not the right ACC, by repeated TMS effectively rescued the USV emission in these ASD mice.
DISCUSSION
The excitatory neurons in the left ACC are responsive to socially elicited USV. Their silence mediates the deficiency of social communication in and VPA-induced ASD mice. Precisely modulating the left ACC neuronal activity by repeated TMS can promote the social communication in and VPA-pretreated mice.
PubMed: 38813469
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1387447 -
EClinicalMedicine May 2024Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect approximately 250 million people annually worldwide. Patients often experience a cycle of antimicrobial treatment and recurrent UTI...
BACKGROUND
Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect approximately 250 million people annually worldwide. Patients often experience a cycle of antimicrobial treatment and recurrent UTI (rUTI) that is thought to be facilitated by a gut reservoir of uropathogenic (UPEC).
METHODS
125 patients with UTI caused by an antibiotic-resistant organism (ARO) were enrolled from July 2016 to May 2019 in a longitudinal, multi-center cohort study. Multivariate statistical models were used to assess the relationship between uropathogen colonization and recurrent UTI (rUTI), controlling for clinical characteristics. 644 stool samples and 895 UPEC isolates were interrogated for taxonomic composition, antimicrobial resistance genes, and phenotypic resistance. Cohort UTI gut microbiome profiles were compared against published healthy and UTI reference microbiomes, as well as assessed within-cohort for timepoint- and recurrence-specific differences.
FINDINGS
Risk of rUTI was not independently associated with clinical characteristics. The UTI gut microbiome was distinct from healthy reference microbiomes in both taxonomic composition and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) burden, with 11 differentially abundant taxa at the genus level. rUTI and non-rUTI gut microbiomes in the cohort did not generally differ, but gut microbiomes from urinary tract colonized patients were elevated in abundance 7-14 days post-antimicrobial treatment. Corresponding UPEC gut isolates from urinary tract colonizing lineages showed elevated phenotypic resistance against 11 of 23 tested drugs compared to non-colonizing lineages.
INTERPRETATION
The gut microbiome is implicated in UPEC urinary tract colonization during rUTI, serving as an ARG-enriched reservoir for UPEC. UPEC can asymptomatically colonize the gut and urinary tract, and post-antimicrobial blooms of gut among urinary tract colonized patients suggest that cross-habitat migration of UPEC is an important mechanism of rUTI. Thus, treatment duration and UPEC populations in both the urinary and gastrointestinal tract should be considered in treating rUTI and developing novel therapeutics.
FUNDING
This work was supported in part by awards from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenter Prevention Program (grant U54CK000482; principal investigator, V.J.F.); to J.H.K. from the Longer Life Foundation (an RGA/Washington University partnership), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grants KL2TR002346 and UL1TR002345), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (grant K23A1137321) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); and to G.D. from NIAID (grant R01AI123394) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant R01HD092414) of NIH. R.T.'s research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; German Research Foundation; grant 402733540). REDCap is Supported by Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Grant UL1 TR002345 and Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center and NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA091842. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies.
PubMed: 38813445
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102490 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Extreme heat events caused by occupational exposure and heat waves are becoming more common. However, the molecular changes underlying the response to heat exposure in...
INTRODUCTION
Extreme heat events caused by occupational exposure and heat waves are becoming more common. However, the molecular changes underlying the response to heat exposure in humans remain to be elucidated.
METHODS
This study used longitudinal multi-omics profiling to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 24 subjects from a mine rescue team. Intravenous blood samples were collected before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). In-depth multi-omics profiling was performed on each sample, including plasma proteomics (untargeted) and metabolomics (untargeted).
RESULTS
After data curation and annotation, the final dataset contained 2,473 analytes, including 478 proteins and 1995 metabolites. Time-series analysis unveiled an orchestrated molecular choreography of changes involving the immune response, coagulation, acid-base balance, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, and energy metabolism. Further analysis through protein-protein interactions and network analysis revealed potential regulators of acute heat exposure. Moreover, novel blood-based analytes that predicted change in cardiopulmonary function after acute heat exposure were identified.
CONCLUSION
This study provided a comprehensive investigation of the dynamic molecular changes that underlie the complex physiological processes that occur in human males who undergo heat exposure. Our findings will help health impact assessment of extreme high temperature and inspire future mechanistic and clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Longitudinal Studies; Adult; Proteomics; Metabolomics; Hot Temperature; Multiomics
PubMed: 38813424
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384544 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Food waste remains a major problem for the world and food security. Despite the fact that consumers are significant producers of food waste, little research attention...
BACKGROUND
Food waste remains a major problem for the world and food security. Despite the fact that consumers are significant producers of food waste, little research attention has been paid to college students. The present study aimed to assess food waste and the influence factors among college students. Additionally, the goal was to improve college students' food waste attitudes and behaviors through labor education.
METHODS
Through an online questionnaire survey, 407 college students from three universities were asked about food waste; 27 students of them were randomly selected as the research object, and labor practice was carried out in groups in the student cafeteria. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to show food waste behavior of college students and logistical regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting food waste behavior.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the food waste is more serious among college students in East China, senior or female students, BMI plays a positive role in food waste among college students, while monthly consumption and peers waste play a negative role in food waste. After participating in the labor education, the students' views and practices toward their peer's food waste have improved.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of labor education in college canteens is conducive to the establishment of a correct outlook on labor as well as saving consciousness among college students, and to the formation of a social consciousness of saving.
Topics: Humans; Female; Students; Male; Universities; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; China; Adult; Food; Food Loss and Waste
PubMed: 38813419
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1372430 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Elite athletes' help-seeking on mental health might be influenced by their mental health literacy (MHL) and mental health experiences. The current study aimed to explore...
INTRODUCTION
Elite athletes' help-seeking on mental health might be influenced by their mental health literacy (MHL) and mental health experiences. The current study aimed to explore the MHL, experiences and help-seeking behaviours among elite athletes using a qualitative approach.
METHODS
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 Chinese elite athletes, 12 coaches, and 5 team officials. Interview data was analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS
Seven main themes emerged from the analysis. The current study revealed that Chinese elite athletes suffered from various mental health issues and athletes' MHL levels, help-seeking attitudes and intentions, Chinese sports environments, and Chinese cultural background could impact their help-seeking behaviours.
CONCLUSION
Support for Chinese elite athletes' mental health and help-seeking requires improvement.
Topics: Humans; Qualitative Research; Health Literacy; Athletes; Male; Female; Help-Seeking Behavior; China; Adult; Mental Health; Young Adult; Interviews as Topic; Adolescent; East Asian People
PubMed: 38813417
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1391597 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024This research investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being and sleep quality of students in higher vocational colleges in Sichuan, China,...
PURPOSE
This research investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being and sleep quality of students in higher vocational colleges in Sichuan, China, identifying key factors influencing their psychological health during this period.
METHODS
Between January and February 2022, a comprehensive survey was conducted among students from several higher vocational colleges in Sichuan, utilizing a randomized selection approach to involve 3,300 participants. Data were collected through direct interviews executed by skilled interviewers.
RESULTS
Out of 3,049 valid responses, a significant number reported experiencing symptoms of poor mental health, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, with prevalence rates of 21.2%, 9.7%, 14.1%, and 81.9%, respectively. Factors contributing positively to mental health and sleep included a higher family economic status, reduced stress from the pandemic, and decreased online activity. Conversely, lack of physical activity post-pandemic, disruptions to education and employment, and deteriorating relationships emerged as negative influencers. Interestingly, a lack of pre-pandemic mental health knowledge acted as a protective factor against insomnia.
CONCLUSION
The ongoing management of COVID-19 has notably influenced the psychological and sleep health of vocational college students, driven by economic, emotional, lifestyle, and educational factors. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions to address these challenges effectively.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; China; Male; Students; Female; Universities; Mental Health; Young Adult; Sleep Quality; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Depression; Anxiety; Adolescent; SARS-CoV-2; Prevalence
PubMed: 38813405
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387247