-
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... May 2024The epithelia of the intestine perform various functions, playing a crucial role in providing a physical barrier and an innate immune defense against infections. By...
BACKGROUND
The epithelia of the intestine perform various functions, playing a crucial role in providing a physical barrier and an innate immune defense against infections. By generating a "three-dimensional" (3D) model of cell co-cultures using the IPEC-J2 cell line and porcine blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), we are getting closer to mimicking the porcine intestine Methods: The effect of B1/1 and CCM 7158 (indicator strain) on the relative gene expression of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-10), genes encoding receptors for TLR4 and TLR2, tight junction proteins such as claudin-1 (CLDN1), occludin (OCLN) and important antimicrobial proteins such as lumican (LUM) and olfactomedin-4 (OLMF-4) was monitored in this model.
RESULTS
The results obtained from this pilot study point to the immunomodulatory potential of newly isolated B1/1, as it was able to suppress the enhanced pro-inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in both cell types. B1/1 was even able to up-regulate the mRNA levels of genes encoding antimicrobial proteins LUM and OLFM-4 and to increase tight junction (TJ)-related genes and , which were significantly down-regulated in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells. Conversely, CCM 7158, chosen as an indicator lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain, increased the mRNA levels of the investigated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-6, and IL-1β) in MDMs when LPS was simultaneously applied to basally deposited macrophages. Although CCM 7158 induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, synchronous up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was detected in both LAB strains used in both cell cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
The obtained results suggest that the recently isolated LAB strain B1/1 has the potential to alleviate epithelial disruption caused by LPS and to influence the production of antimicrobial molecules by enterocytes.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Swine; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Cell Line; Macrophages; Antimicrobial Peptides; Coculture Techniques
PubMed: 38812316
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905180 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) has been suggested to enhance the intestinal barrier in obese mice, leading to improvement of metabolic...
Heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) has been suggested to enhance the intestinal barrier in obese mice, leading to improvement of metabolic abnormalities and adipose tissue inflammation, and in healthy humans with overweight, leading to improvement of systemic inflammation. However, its detailed mechanism of action has not been clarified. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of HK L-137 on the permeability of rat small intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells, tight junction-related gene and protein expression and localization, and intracellular signaling pathways involved in barrier function. Treatment of IEC-6 cells with HK L-137 for 26 h significantly reduced the permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-4). HK L-137 also increased gene and protein expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), an important tight junction protein, without affecting the localization. Furthermore, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway in IEC-6 cells canceled the HK L-137-related reduction in permeability to FD-4. Phosphorylation of ERK in IEC-6 cells was induced 15 min after the addition of HK L-137. These results suggest that HK L-137 reduces intestinal permeability partly through activating the ERK pathway and increasing expression of the ZO-1 gene and protein. Enhancement of intestinal barrier function with HK L-137 might be effective in preventing and treating leaky gut, for which no specific therapeutic tool has been established.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; Epithelial Cells; Intestinal Mucosa; Cell Line; Intestine, Small; Probiotics; Permeability; Lactobacillus plantarum; Tight Junctions; Hot Temperature; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Phosphorylation; Intestinal Barrier Function
PubMed: 38811623
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62657-0 -
Nature Communications May 2024Modulation of the cervix by steroid hormones and commensal microbiome play a central role in the health of the female reproductive tract. Here we describe...
Modulation of the cervix by steroid hormones and commensal microbiome play a central role in the health of the female reproductive tract. Here we describe organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) models that recreate the human cervical epithelial-stromal interface with a functional epithelial barrier and production of mucus with biochemical and hormone-responsive properties similar to living cervix. When Cervix Chips are populated with optimal healthy versus dysbiotic microbial communities (dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and Gardnerella vaginalis, respectively), significant differences in tissue innate immune responses, barrier function, cell viability, proteome, and mucus composition are observed that are similar to those seen in vivo. Thus, human Cervix Organ Chips represent physiologically relevant in vitro models to study cervix physiology and host-microbiome interactions, and hence may be used as a preclinical testbed for development of therapeutic interventions to enhance women's health.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cervix Uteri; Immunity, Innate; Microbiota; Host Microbial Interactions; Gardnerella vaginalis; Lactobacillus crispatus; Mucus; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
PubMed: 38811586
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48910-0 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024In the present study, the effect of xanthan gum was evaluated on the metabolic activity and survival of two probiotic strains, namely B. lactis and L. casei using in...
In the present study, the effect of xanthan gum was evaluated on the metabolic activity and survival of two probiotic strains, namely B. lactis and L. casei using in vitro assay and skim milk model system. In vitro assay was carried out identifying by pH, optical cell density (OD), and formation of postbiotics (lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) in different basal media including glucose, inulin, and xanthan gum as carbon source. The highest pH values were recorded for control (without carbon source) and media with xanthan gum, whereas the media with glucose and xanthan gum had the highest OD values. In comparison to strains, B. lactis had higher pH and lower OD values than L. casei. It was found that xanthan gum supported the formation of postbiotics as a result of bacterial fermentation. In the skim milk model system, xanthan gum did not negatively affect probiotic viability, and the counts of both strains were above the required level for health benefits (8 log cfu g-1) after 28-day storage. The use of xanthan gum in skim milk matrix positively affected techno-functional properties such as syneresis, color, and textural parameters of samples.
Topics: Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Probiotics; Animals; Milk; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Bifidobacterium animalis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Fermentation
PubMed: 38808815
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230658 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Recently, Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were shown to reduce apoptosis in human beta cell lines and stimulate insulin secretion in...
Recently, Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were shown to reduce apoptosis in human beta cell lines and stimulate insulin secretion in human islets. Our goal was to identify a physiologically relevant environmental condition that induces a hypervesiculation phenotype in L. johnsonii N6.2 and to evaluate if transcriptional changes are involved in this process. Culturing this strain in the presence of 0.2% bovine bile, which mimics a stressor encountered by the bacterium in the small intestine, resulted in approximately a 100-fold increase in EVs relative to cells grown in media without bile. Whole transcriptome analysis of cells grown with bile revealed upregulation of several peptidoglycan hydrolases as well as several genes involved in fatty acid utilization. These results suggest that the hypervesiculation phenotype may be the result of increased cell wall turnover combined with increased accumulation of phospholipids, in agreement with our previous proteomic and lipidomics results. Additionally, EVs isolated from L. johnsonii N6.2 grown in presence of bile maintained their immunomodulatory properties in host-derived βlox5 pancreatic and THP-1 macrophage cell lines. Our findings suggest that in L. johnsonii N6.2 vesiculogenesis is significantly impacted by the expression of cell wall modifying enzymes and proteins utilized for exogenous fatty acid uptake that are regulated at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, this data suggests that vesiculogenesis could be stimulated in vivo using small molecules thereby maximizing the beneficial interactions between bacteria and their hosts.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Lactobacillus johnsonii; Bile; Animals; Cell Line; Cattle; THP-1 Cells; Cell Wall; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38806562
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62843-0 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2024This study investigated the impact of inulin (INL) on viability of D-2 (LPD2) by encapsulation through spray drying (SD) and its commercialization potential to...
This study investigated the impact of inulin (INL) on viability of D-2 (LPD2) by encapsulation through spray drying (SD) and its commercialization potential to alternative of conventional wall material maltodextrin (MD). LPD2, derived from sea tangle () kimchi, is probiotics exhibiting significant attributes like cholesterol reduction, antioxidant properties, and resilience to acidic and bile environments. To enhance storage viability and stability of LPD2, encapsulation was applied by SD technology. The optimum encapsulation condition with MD was 10% MD concentration (MD10) and inlet temperature (96°C). The optimum concentration ratio of MD and INL was 7:3 (INL3) for alternative of MD with similar encapsulation yield and viability of LPD2. Viability of LPD2 with INL3 exhibited almost 8% higher than that with MD10 after 50 days storage at 25°C. Physicochemical characteristics of the encapsulated LPD2 (ELPD2) with MD10 and INL3 had no significant different between flowability and morphology. But, ELPD2 with INL3 had lower water solubility and higher water absorption resulting in extension of viability of LPD2 compared to that with MD10. The comprehensive study results showed that there was no significant difference in the encapsulation yield and physicochemical properties between ELPD2 with MD10 and INL3, except of water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI). INL have the potential to substitute of MD as a commercial wall material with prebiotic functionality to enhance the viability of LPD2 by encapsulation.
Topics: Prebiotics; Inulin; Polysaccharides; Spray Drying; Microbial Viability; Lactobacillus plantarum; Probiotics; Temperature; Desiccation; Solubility
PubMed: 38803106
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2401.01019 -
Microbiome May 2024Vaginal microbiota composition is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), depending on ethnicity. Host-microbiota interactions are thought to play an important...
BACKGROUND
Vaginal microbiota composition is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), depending on ethnicity. Host-microbiota interactions are thought to play an important underlying role in this association between ethnicity, vaginal microbiota and sPTB.
METHODS
In a prospective cohort of nulliparous pregnant women, we assessed vaginal microbiota composition, vaginal immunoglobulins (Igs), and local inflammatory markers. We performed a nested case-control study with 19 sPTB cases, matched based on ethnicity and midwifery practice to 19 term controls.
RESULTS
Of the 294 included participants, 23 pregnancies ended in sPTB. We demonstrated that Lactobacillus iners-dominated microbiota, diverse microbiota, and ethnicity were all independently associated with sPTB. Microbial Ig coating was associated with both microbiota composition and ethnicity, but a direct association with sPTB was lacking. Microbial IgA and IgG coating were lowest in diverse microbiota, especially in women of any ethnic minority. When correcting for microbiota composition, increased microbial Ig coating correlated with increased inflammation.
CONCLUSION
In these nulliparous pregnant women, vaginal microbiota composition is strongly associated with sPTB. Our results support that vaginal mucosal Igs might play a pivotal role in microbiota composition, microbiota-related inflammation, and vaginal community disparity within and between ethnicities. This study provides insight in host-microbe interaction, suggesting that vaginal mucosal Igs play an immunomodulatory role similar to that in the intestinal tract. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vagina; Pregnancy; Adult; Premature Birth; Case-Control Studies; Prospective Studies; Microbiota; Ethnicity; Lactobacillus; Host Microbial Interactions; Immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulin A; Young Adult
PubMed: 38802950
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01787-z -
Microbial Biotechnology May 2024The human gut hosts numerous ecological niches for microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Gut lactate homeostasis in humans is crucial and relies on various...
Mutualistic interactions of lactate-producing lactobacilli and lactate-utilizing Veillonella dispar: Lactate and glutamate cross-feeding for the enhanced growth and short-chain fatty acid production.
The human gut hosts numerous ecological niches for microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Gut lactate homeostasis in humans is crucial and relies on various bacteria. Veillonella spp., gut lactate-utilizing bacteria, and lactate-producing bacteria were frequently co-isolated. A recent clinical trial has revealed that lactate-producing bacteria in humans cross-feed lactate to Veillonella spp.; however, their interspecies interaction mechanisms remain unclear. Veillonella dispar, an obligate anaerobe commonly found in the human gut and oral cavity, ferments lactate into acetate and propionate. In our study, we investigated the interaction between V. dispar ATCC 17748 and three representative phylogenetically distant strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ATCC 27216, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241. Bacterial growth, viability, metabolism and gene level adaptations during bacterial interaction were examined. V. dispar exhibited the highest degree of mutualism with L. acidophilus. During co-culture of V. dispar with L. acidophilus, both bacteria exhibited enhanced growth and increased viability. V. dispar demonstrated an upregulation of amino acid biosynthesis pathways and the aspartate catabolic pathway. L. acidophilus also showed a considerable number of upregulated genes related to growth and lactate fermentation. Our results support that V. dispar is able to enhance the fermentative capability of L. acidophilus by presumably consuming the produced lactate, and that L. acidophilus cross-feed not only lactate, but also glutamate, to V. dispar during co-culture. The cross-fed glutamate enters the central carbon metabolism in V. dispar. These findings highlight an intricate metabolic relationship characterized by cross-feeding of lactate and glutamate in parallel with considerable gene regulation within both L. acidophilus (lactate-producing) and V. dispar (lactate-utilizing). The mechanisms of mutualistic interactions between a traditional probiotic bacterium and a potential next-generation probiotic bacterium were elucidated in the production of short-chain fatty acids.
Topics: Lactic Acid; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glutamic Acid; Veillonella; Symbiosis; Microbial Interactions; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus; Microbial Viability; Fermentation
PubMed: 38801349
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14484 -
Nutrients May 2024The high prevalence of constipation after fracture surgery brings intolerable discomfort to patients on the one hand, and affects post-surgery nutrient absorption on the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The high prevalence of constipation after fracture surgery brings intolerable discomfort to patients on the one hand, and affects post-surgery nutrient absorption on the other hand, resulting in poor prognosis. Given the acknowledged probiotic properties of , 100 fracture patients with post-surgery constipation were centrally enrolled and administered orally with JYLR-127 to assess the efficacy of probiotic-adjuvant therapy in alleviating post-fracture constipation symptoms. The results showed that JYLR-127 improved fecal properties, promoted gastrointestinal recovery, and relieved constipation symptoms, which were mainly achieved by elevating Firmicutes ( < 0.01) and descending Bacteroidetes ( < 0.001), hence remodeling the disrupted intestinal microecology. In addition, blood routine presented a decrease in C-reactive protein levels ( < 0.05) and an increase in platelet counts ( < 0.05) after probiotic supplementation, prompting the feasibility of JYLR-127 in anti-inflammation, anti-infection and hemorrhagic tendency prevention after fracture surgery. Our study to apply probiotics in ameliorating constipation after fracture surgery is expected to bless the bothered patients, and provide broader application scenarios for preparations.
Topics: Humans; Constipation; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Probiotics; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Single-Blind Method; Fractures, Bone; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38794748
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101505 -
Nutrients May 2024Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with COPD present high levels of NF-κB-associated cytokines...
Involvement of GPR43 Receptor in Effect of on Murine Steroid Resistant Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Relevance to Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Human Macrophages.
BACKGROUND
Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with COPD present high levels of NF-κB-associated cytokines and pro-oxidant agents as well as low levels of Nrf2-associated antioxidants. This condition creates a steroid-resistant inflammatory microenvironment. (Lr) is a known anti-cytokine in lung diseases; however, the effect of Lr on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in steroid-resistant COPD mice remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE
Thus, we investigated the Lr effect on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and unresponsive to steroids.
METHODS
Mice and macrophages received dexamethasone or GLPG-094 (a GPR43 inhibitor), and only the macrophages received butyrate (but), all treatments being given before CSE. Lung inflammation was evaluated from the leukocyte population, airway remodeling, cytokines, and NF-κB. Oxidative stress disturbance was measured from ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, TBARS, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2.
RESULTS
Lr attenuated cellularity, mucus, collagen, cytokines, ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, and TBARS. Otherwise, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2 were upregulated in Lr-treated COPD mice. Anti-cytokine and antioxidant effects of butyrate also occurred in CSE-exposed macrophages. GLPG-094 rendered Lr and butyrate less effective.
CONCLUSIONS
Lr attenuates lung inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD mice, suggesting the presence of a GPR43 receptor-dependent mechanism also found in macrophages.
Topics: Animals; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Oxidative Stress; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Mice; Humans; Macrophages; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Cytokines; Inflammation Mediators; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal; Smoke; Dexamethasone; Butyrates; Lung
PubMed: 38794746
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101509