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Nutrients May 2019The antiobesity molecular mechanisms of mulberry leave components were analyzed based on intestinal micro-ecology and metabolomics. An obesity model was established by...
The antiobesity molecular mechanisms of mulberry leave components were analyzed based on intestinal micro-ecology and metabolomics. An obesity model was established by feeding rats with a high-calorie diet. Rats were divided into seven groups: the obesity model control (MC), positive control (PC), mulberry leaf powder (MLP), mulberry leaf fiber (MLF), mulberry leaf polyphenols (MLPS), mulberry leaf fiber and polyphenols mixture (MLM), and normal control (NC), and fed daily for 6 consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that the MLM group had the best efficiency on weight loss, indicating synergistic interactions between MLPS and MLF. The reduction of abundance, and the downstream , , was a key pathway for the antiobesity effects. The increased abundances of and might result in lipid metabolism disorder. The test groups regulated the amino acid and oligopeptides metabolic disorder tents to normal levels compared with the MC and NC groups.
Topics: Animals; Cecum; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lipid Metabolism; Morus; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31064150
DOI: 10.3390/nu11051017 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Feb 2019The Lactobacillus vaginalis LMG S-26419 strain, also named CBA-L88 (BV2), was isolated at the AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies laboratories from a vaginal swab...
The Lactobacillus vaginalis LMG S-26419 strain, also named CBA-L88 (BV2), was isolated at the AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies laboratories from a vaginal swab obtained from a healthy woman. The total genome size is 1,806,242 bp with a G+C content of 40.6%.
PubMed: 30834369
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01534-18 -
PloS One 2018The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
METHODS
This study included 30 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis as well as 30 control subjects. Dental examination was performed and the decayed-missing-filled-teeth was recorded. Supragingival plaque was taken and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon by Illumina MiSeq sequencing to detect microbial composition and community diversity and structure.
RESULTS
The level of decayed-missing-filled-teeth was higher in the hemodialysis group than that in the control group. Microbial analysis showed a decrease in α diversity and a increase in relative abundance and prevalence of many acidogenic and aciduric caries related species in the supragingival plaque samples of the hemodialysis patients, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Scardovia wiggsiae F0424, and Actinomyces naeslundii.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that the hemodialysis patients were more susceptible to caries. More attentions for caries prevention and treatment should be paid to improve their life quality, and even to reduce their cardiovascular events and survival.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Load; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30300382
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204674 -
Microbiome Aug 2018Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The composition and functional capacity of gut microbiota associated...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The composition and functional capacity of gut microbiota associated with breast cancer have not been studied systematically.
METHODS
We performed a comprehensive shotgun metagenomic analysis of 18 premenopausal breast cancer patients, 25 premenopausal healthy controls, 44 postmenopausal breast cancer patients, and 46 postmenopausal healthy controls.
RESULTS
Microbial diversity was higher in breast cancer patients than in controls. Relative species abundance in gut microbiota did not differ significantly between premenopausal breast cancer patients and premenopausal controls. In contrast, relative abundance of 45 species differed significantly between postmenopausal patients and postmenopausal controls: 38 species were enriched in postmenopausal patients, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp_1_1_55, Prevotella amnii, Enterococcus gallinarum, Actinomyces sp. HPA0247, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Erwinia amylovora, and 7 species were less abundant in postmenopausal patients, including Eubacterium eligens and Lactobacillus vaginalis. Acinetobacter radioresistens and Enterococcus gallinarum were positively but weakly associated with expression of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Shewanella putrefaciens and Erwinia amylovora were positively but weakly associated with estradiol levels. Actinomyces sp. HPA0247 negatively but weakly correlated with CD3CD8 T cell numbers. Further characterization of metagenome functional capacity indicated that the gut metagenomes of postmenopausal breast cancer patients were enriched in genes encoding lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, iron complex transport system, PTS system, secretion system, and beta-oxidation.
CONCLUSION
The composition and functions of the gut microbial community differ between postmenopausal breast cancer patients and healthy controls. The gut microbiota may regulate or respond to host immunity and metabolic balance. Thus, while cause and effect cannot be determined, there is a reproducible change in the microbiota of treatment-naive patients relative to matched controls.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Estradiol; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Postmenopause; Premenopause
PubMed: 30081953
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0515-3 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Isoleucine 2-epimerase (ILEP) is a novel branched-chain amino acid racemase isolated from . In this study, we examined production of free d-branched-chain amino acids...
Isoleucine 2-epimerase (ILEP) is a novel branched-chain amino acid racemase isolated from . In this study, we examined production of free d-branched-chain amino acids such as d-valine, d-leucine, and d--isoleucine, using lactic acid bacteria carrying homologs to ILEP. Twelve selected strains of lactic acid bacteria were grown at optimal growth temperatures and accumulation of d-branched-chain amino acids in the medium was monitored in exponential, early stationary, and stationary phases. To analyze the d-branched-chain amino acids, enantiomers in the medium were initially converted into diastereomers using pre-column derivatization with -phthaldialdehyde plus -isobutyryl-l-cysteine. The resultant fluorescent isoindole derivatives were analyzed on an octadecylsilyl stationary phase using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The analyses revealed that the seven following lactic acid bacteria carrying homologs showing 53-60% amino acid sequence identity to the ILEP accumulate d-branched-chain amino acids: and produce d-valine, d-leucine, and d--isoleucine; subsp. , and subsp. accumulate d-leucine and d--isoleucine; and and produce d--isoleucine. These results suggest that d-branched-chain amino acids are produced by a variety of lactic acid bacteria species, particularly those carrying homologs to the ILEP.
PubMed: 30057575
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01540 -
Oncotarget Dec 2017Microbiome studies show altered microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), both in terms of taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity. These studies...
High-resolution microbiome profiling uncovers , , and associated to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in saliva from HPV positive and HPV negative patients treated with surgery and chemo-radiation.
Microbiome studies show altered microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), both in terms of taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity. These studies utilized a traditional bioinformatics methodology, which allows for accurate taxonomic assignment down to the genus level, but cannot accurately resolve species level membership. We applied Resphera Insight, a high-resolution methodology for 16S rRNA taxonomic assignment that is able to provide species-level context in its assignments of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) data. Resphera Insight applied to saliva samples from HNSCC patients and healthy controls led to the discovery that a subset of HNSCC saliva samples is significantly enriched with commensal species from the vaginal flora, including (710x higher in saliva) and (52x higher in saliva). These species were not observed in normal saliva from Johns Hopkins patients, nor in 16S rRNA NGS saliva samples from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Interestingly, both species were only observed in saliva from Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) positive and HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer patients. We confirmed the representation of both species in HMP data obtained from mid-vagina (n=128) and vaginal introitus (n=121) samples. Resphera Insight also led to the discovery that , an oral cavity flora commensal bacterium linked to colon cancer, is enriched (600x higher) in saliva from a subset of HNSCC patients with advanced tumors stages. Together, these high-resolution analyses on 583 samples suggest a possible role for bacterial species in the therapeutic outcome of HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC patients.
PubMed: 29340028
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20677 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2018Perturbations to the vaginal microbiota can lead to dysbiosis, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects a large portion of the female population. In a healthy...
Promising Prebiotic Candidate Established by Evaluation of Lactitol, Lactulose, Raffinose, and Oligofructose for Maintenance of a Lactobacillus-Dominated Vaginal Microbiota.
Perturbations to the vaginal microbiota can lead to dysbiosis, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects a large portion of the female population. In a healthy state, the vaginal microbiota is characterized by low diversity and colonization by spp., whereas in BV, these species are displaced by a highly diverse population of bacteria associated with adverse vaginal health outcomes. Since prebiotic ingestion has been a highly effective approach to invigorate lactobacilli for improved intestinal health, we hypothesized that these compounds could stimulate lactobacilli at the expense of BV organisms to maintain vaginal health. Monocultures of commensal , , , , , and , in addition to BV-associated organisms and , were tested for their ability to utilize a representative group of prebiotics consisting of lactitol, lactulose, raffinose, and oligofructose. The disaccharide lactulose was found to most broadly and specifically stimulate vaginal lactobacilli, including the strongly health-associated species , and importantly, not to stimulate BV organisms or Using freshly collected vaginal samples, we showed that exposure to lactulose promoted commensal growth and dominance and resulted in healthy acidity partially through lactic acid production. This provides support for further testing of lactulose to prevent dysbiosis and potentially to reduce the need for antimicrobial agents in managing vaginal health. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other dysbioses of the vaginal microbiota significantly affect the quality of life of millions of women. Antimicrobial therapy is often poorly effective, causes side effects, and does not prevent recurrences. We report one of very few studies that have evaluated how prebiotics-compounds that are selectively fermented by beneficial bacteria such as spp.-can modulate the vaginal microbiota. We also report use of a novel polymicrobial model to study the impact of prebiotics on the vaginal microbiota. The identification of prebiotic lactulose as enhancing growth but not that of BV organisms or has direct application for retention of homeostasis and prevention of vaginal dysbiosis and infection.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Sugar Alcohols; Vagina
PubMed: 29269494
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02200-17 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017Functional foods could differently affect human health in relation to the gender. Recent studies have highlighted the anti- and anti- activities of some strains...
Functional foods could differently affect human health in relation to the gender. Recent studies have highlighted the anti- and anti- activities of some strains isolated from the vagina of healthy women. Considering these important beneficial activities on women's health, the preparation of functional food containing active vaginal lactobacilli can represent a great scientific challenge for the female gender. In this context, the aim of this work was to study some functional and technological properties of 17 vaginal strains belonging to the species , and in the perspective to include them in dairy products. The antagonistic activities against the pathogenic and spoilage species associated to food products and against the principal etiological agents of the genitourinary tract infections were evaluated. Moreover, the vaginal lactobacilli were characterized for their antibiotic resistance, and for their fermentation kinetics and viability during the refrigerated storage in milk. Finally, the volatile molecule profiles of the obtained fermented milks were determined. The results showed that several strains, mainly belonging to the species , exhibited a significant antagonistic activity against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms of food interest, as well as against urogenital pathogens. All the vaginal lactobacilli showed antimicrobial activity against strains belonging to the foodborne pathogenic species and . In addition, most of the strains were active toward the main pathogens responsible of vaginal and urinary tract infections including , and . The antimicrobial activity can be attributed to the high production of organic acids. The fermentation kinetics in milk indicated the unsuitability of these lactobacilli as fermentation starters for the industrial production of dairy products. However, some strains, belonging to the species and , maintained a high viability in pasteurized milk at 4°C for over a month, showing their potential application as adjunct cultures for the production of female gender foods. These data represent a first step for the set-up of a new functional dairy product, directed to the women well-being, contributing also to innovate the dairy sector.
PubMed: 28223974
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00166 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016Biofilms on the surface of food industry equipment are reservoirs of potentially food-contaminating bacteria-both spoilage and pathogenic. However, the capacity of...
Biofilms on the surface of food industry equipment are reservoirs of potentially food-contaminating bacteria-both spoilage and pathogenic. However, the capacity of biogenic amine (BA)-producers to form biofilms has remained largely unexamined. BAs are low molecular weight, biologically active compounds that in food can reach concentrations high enough to be a toxicological hazard. Fermented foods, especially some types of cheese, accumulate the highest BA concentrations of all. The present work examines the biofilm-forming capacity of 56 BA-producing strains belonging to three genera and 10 species (12 Enterococcus faecalis, 6 Enterococcus faecium, 6 Enterococcus durans, 1 Enterococcus hirae, 12 Lactococcus lactis, 7 Lactobacillus vaginalis, 2 Lactobacillus curvatus, 2 Lactobacillus brevis, 1 Lactobacillus reuteri, and 7 Lactobacillus parabuchneri), all isolated from dairy products. Strains of all the tested species - except for L. vaginalis-were able to produce biofilms on polystyrene and adhered to stainless steel. However, the biomass produced in biofilms was strain-dependent. These results suggest that biofilms may provide a route via which fermented foods can become contaminated by BA-producing microorganisms.
PubMed: 27242675
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00591 -
Research in Microbiology 2016A next-generation diagnostic tool for bacterial vaginosis, consisting of quantitative and/or qualitative molecular criteria, has not yet been identified. The optimal...
A next-generation diagnostic tool for bacterial vaginosis, consisting of quantitative and/or qualitative molecular criteria, has not yet been identified. The optimal diagnostic tool should not only diagnose bacterial vaginosis in diverse populations, but should also detect early signs of transition to dysbiosis. We evaluated a tool based on log10-transformed qPCR data for Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus genus, Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal specimens of 426 African women to detect dysbiosis and predict transition to dysbiosis. G. vaginalis (p = 0.204) and A. vaginae (p = 0.001) were more commonly present in women who evolved to an intermediate (Nugent 4-6) or bacterial vaginosis score (Nugent 7-10) compared to women who continued to have a normal Nugent score. The combination of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae and Lactobacillus genus counts performed best for diagnostic accuracy for bacterial vaginosis--sensitivity 93.4% and specificity 83.6%; and for predictive accuracy for bacterial vaginosis--sensitivity 79% and specificity 52%. L. crispatus combinations did not perform well. We conclude that a triple-G. vaginalis-A. vaginae-Lactobacillus genus-qPCR tool holds promise for research in sub-Saharan Africa or when developed as a next-generation clinical diagnostic modality for bacterial vaginosis, ideally engineered as a rapid assay.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Africa South of the Sahara; Bacterial Load; Biota; Dysbiosis; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Lactobacillus; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vagina
PubMed: 26577657
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.10.006