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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Supraglottic airway devices such as laryngeal masks and i-gels are useful for airway management. The i-gel is a relatively new device that replaces the air-inflated cuff...
Supraglottic airway devices such as laryngeal masks and i-gels are useful for airway management. The i-gel is a relatively new device that replaces the air-inflated cuff of the laryngeal mask with a gel-filled cuff. It remains unclear which device is more effective for neonatal resuscitation. We aimed to evaluate the dependence of successful airway management in neonatal simulators on the device type and providers' backgrounds. Ninety-one healthcare providers performed four attempts at airway management using a laryngeal mask and i-gel in two types of neonatal manikins. The dependence of successful insertions within 16.7 s (75th percentile of all successful insertions) on the device type and providers' specialty, years of healthcare service, and completion of the neonatal resuscitation training course was assessed. Successful insertion ( = 0.001) and insertion time ( = 0.003) were associated with using the i-gel vs. laryngeal mask. The providers' backgrounds were not associated with the outcome. Using the i-gel was associated with more successful airway management than laryngeal masks using neonatal manikins. Considering the limited effect of the provider's specialty and experience, using the i-gel as the first-choice device in neonatal resuscitation may be advantageous. Prospective studies are warranted to compare these devices in the clinical setting.
PubMed: 38790524
DOI: 10.3390/children11050530 -
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia May 2024During endoscopic sinus surgery, anaesthetic conditions significantly impact the intraoperative surgical field and bleeding during emergence. While the endotracheal tube...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
During endoscopic sinus surgery, anaesthetic conditions significantly impact the intraoperative surgical field and bleeding during emergence. While the endotracheal tube (ETT) has been traditionally used in sinus surgery, a reinforced laryngeal mask airway (RLMA) that produces less upper airway stimulation may result in smoother emergence.
METHODS
A randomised controlled trial of 72 patients undergoing elective sinus surgery was conducted, with the allocation of airway technique to either ETT with a throat pack or RLMA. The primary outcome measure was emergence time, measured by time to opening eyes on commands at the cessation of anaesthesia, and the secondary outcomes were time to removal of airway device, remifentanil use, procedure times, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the RLMA grade of blood contamination. The continuous variables were analysed using Student's -tests and discrete variables, count tables were analysed using Fisher's exact tests.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the emergence time between the ETT and RLMA groups ( = 0.83). Remifentanil use was significantly higher in the ETT group than in the RLMA group ( = 0.022). The ETT group showed a significantly increased total anaesthetic time ( = 0.01). MAP was not significant during preinduction, maintenance or post-RMLA removal. The highest grade of contamination was grade 2 in RLMA. RLMA had lower rates of postoperative adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
RLMA comparable to ETT in terms of emergence time. The RMLA group had lower remifentanil use, anaesthesia duration and fewer postoperative adverse events such as cough and throat pain.
PubMed: 38764963
DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_966_23 -
Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2024Laryngeal mask airway-blockbuster (LMA-BT) is a relatively new supraglottic airway device (SGAD). In this study, we compared LMA-BT with I-Gel LMA for efficacy of blind... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Laryngeal mask airway-blockbuster (LMA-BT) is a relatively new supraglottic airway device (SGAD). In this study, we compared LMA-BT with I-Gel LMA for efficacy of blind tracheal intubation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a single-blind prospective study after ethical approval. One hundred American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Grade I-III (age 18-60 years) patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were included and randomly divided into 2 groups. Blind tracheal intubation was performed through LMA-BT ( n = 50) and I-Gel ( n = 50) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The primary aim was to evaluate the first pass success rate of blind tracheal intubation through the LMAs. The secondary objectives noted were attempts and ease of LMA insertion, total time taken for LMA insertion, airway seal pressure of LMA, ease of NGT insertion through LMA, fibre-optic grading of laryngeal view through LMA, overall success rate and time of intubation through LMA, time for LMA removal, and complications, if any.
RESULTS
In the LMA-BT group, the first pass success rate ( P < 0.019) and the overall success rate of intubation ( P < 0.005) were significantly higher than in the I-Gel group. Using LMA-BT also resulted in statistically significant shorter intubation time ( P < 0.0001) with higher airway seal pressure as compared to I-Gel ( P < 0.001). The difference in the first attempt insertion, number of insertion attempts, ease and time of LMA insertion and removal after intubation, and postoperative complications were comparable among the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
LMA-BT is a superior device as compared to I-Gel LMA as a conduit for blind tracheal intubation.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Intubation, Intratracheal; Single-Blind Method; Adult; Prospective Studies; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Anesthesia, General; Young Adult; Adolescent
PubMed: 38741443
DOI: 10.5114/ait.2024.138562 -
BMC Anesthesiology May 2024Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration during general anaesthesia, but the incidence of this complication is not well defined.
Airway management and pulmonary aspiration during surgical interventions in pregnant women in the 2nd/3rd trimester and immediate postpartum - a retrospective study in a tertiary care university hospital.
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration during general anaesthesia, but the incidence of this complication is not well defined.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective database review in a tertiary care university hospital to determine the incidence of pulmonary aspiration in pregnant patients undergoing endotracheal intubation, with and without Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI), as well as face-mask ventilation and supraglottic airway devices. We included Patients in the 2 or 3 trimester of pregnancy and immediate postpartum undergoing surgical procedures. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of pulmonary aspiration.
RESULTS
Data from 2,390 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for cerclage of cervix uteri, manual removal of retained placenta, repair of obstetric laceration, or postpartum bleeding were retrospectively evaluated. A supraglottic airway device or face-mask ventilation was used in 1,425/2,390 (60%) of patients, while 638/2,390 (27%) were intubated. RSI was used in 522/638 (82%) of patients undergoing tracheal intubation, or 522/2,390 (22%) of the entire cohort. In-depth review of the charts, including 54 patients who had been initially classified as "possible pulmonary aspiration" by anaesthetists, revealed that this adverse event did not occur in the cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, in this obstetric surgery patient population at risk for pulmonary aspiration, supraglottic airway devices were used in approximately 60% of cases. Yet, no aspiration event was detected with either a supraglottic airway or endotracheal intubation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Pregnancy; Adult; Airway Management; Intubation, Intratracheal; Hospitals, University; Respiratory Aspiration; Postpartum Period; Tertiary Care Centers; Anesthesia, General
PubMed: 38702641
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02551-4 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The use of laryngeal masks in the surgical treatment of infantile lacrimal duct stenosis is controversial due to the potential risk of aspiration. This study...
The use of laryngeal masks in the surgical treatment of infantile lacrimal duct stenosis is controversial due to the potential risk of aspiration. This study investigates airway procedures in children aged <6 years for surgery of lacrimal duct stenosis in a tertiary care university hospital. After institutional approval, airway procedures, duration of anesthesiological measures, and airway-related complications were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the airway procedures used (endotracheal tube [ET] vs. laryngeal mask [LMA] airway). Associations were calculated using the Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Clinical data of 84 patients (ET = 36 [42.9%] vs. LMA = 48 [57.1%]) were analyzed. There were no significant differences in surgical treatment, age distribution, and pre-existing conditions between the groups. None of the patients showed evidence of tracheal aspiration or changes in measured oxygen saturation. LMA airway shortened time for anesthesia induction ( = 0.006) and time for recovery/emergence period ( = 0.03). In contrast, the time to discharge from the recovery room was significantly prolonged using LMA ( = 0.001). A total of 7 adverse events were recorded. Five of these were directly or indirectly related to ET (laryngo-/bronchospasm; muscle relaxant residual). LMA airway for infantile lacrimal duct stenosis seems to be a safe procedure and should be used in appropriate pediatric patients due to its lower invasiveness, low complication rate, and time savings.
PubMed: 38539355
DOI: 10.3390/children11030320 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Apr 2024Tracheal intubation is the gold standard for airway management in emergency medicine, but more difficult to apply for inexperienced individuals than laryngeal mask...
BACKGROUND
Tracheal intubation is the gold standard for airway management in emergency medicine, but more difficult to apply for inexperienced individuals than laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to investigate if inexperienced individuals are able to secure the airway with the help of LMA after a short introduction. A second aim was to evaluate Thiel-fixed specimens against unfixed ones.
METHODS
In a body donor model, LMA application was evaluated between medical students without previous airway experience and anesthesiologists by comparing the sealing of the larynx using a water column applied to the esophagus.
RESULTS
LMAs were successfully applied in 46 out of 55 (83.6%) attempts by medical students and in 30 out of 39 (76.9%) attempts by anesthesiologists. Among medical students, 14.1% of all LMA applications were primarily leaky, compared with 18.8% in anesthesiologists. Esophageal sealing was better in Thiel-fixed specimens (leakage 10.9%) compared with unfixed specimens (leakage 22.9%). Our data showed no significant difference between anesthesiologists and medical students in terms of sealing of LMA. Therefore, we conclude that medical students without previous airway experience can quickly learn to apply LMA sufficiently and thus, achieve aspiration protection similar to anesthesiologists.
CONCLUSION
Medical students without previous airway experience can successfully insert LMAs after a short introduction. Thiel-fixed specimens are suitable for studies as well as for training in LMA application.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Anesthesiologists; Intubation, Intratracheal; Airway Management; Esophagus
PubMed: 38461134
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.11.024 -
Medicine Mar 2024One-lung ventilation (OLV) is a commonly used technique to facilitate surgical visualization during thoracic surgical procedures. Double-lumen endotracheal tubes and...
INTRODUCTION
One-lung ventilation (OLV) is a commonly used technique to facilitate surgical visualization during thoracic surgical procedures. Double-lumen endotracheal tubes and one-lumen tracheal tube combined with bronchial blocker might lead to intubation-related laryngeal injury.
PATIENT CONCERNS
In the perioperative period, how to avoid further damage to the vocal cord while achieving OLV during operation is challenging work.
DIAGNOSIS
She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, bilateral vocal cord paralysis, and lung tumor.
INTERVENTIONS
We used a combination of a laryngeal mask airway with bronchial blocker to avoid further damage to the vocal cord when achieving OLV.
OUTCOMES
At 1-month follow-up, she had fully recovered without obvious abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
When OLV was required for patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, a combination of a laryngeal mask airway with bronchial blocker was considered a better choice.
Topics: Female; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Intubation, Intratracheal; One-Lung Ventilation; Bronchi
PubMed: 38457595
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037409 -
BMC Anesthesiology Mar 2024Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting intravenous benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. The combination of remimazolam and sevoflurane does not increase respiratory... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting intravenous benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. The combination of remimazolam and sevoflurane does not increase respiratory sensitivity, produce bronchospasm, or cause other adverse conditions. We aimed to observe the effects of different remimazolam doses on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane at end-expiration during laryngeal mask insertion and evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of the combination of remimazolam on the suppression of laryngeal mask insertion in adult patients.
METHODS
We included 240 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with elective placement of a laryngeal mask (120 males and 120 females). The patients were randomly divided into four groups according to sex: a control group (randomization for female patients, RF0; randomization for male patients, RM0) and three remimazolam groups (RF1, RM1 / RM2, RF2 / RM3, RF3), with 30 patients in each group. Induction was established by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII), using 8% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen (6 L/min) in all patients. The (RF1, RM1), (RM2, RF2), and (RM3, RF3) groups were continuously injected with remimazolam at doses of 1, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg/h, respectively, while the (RM0, RF0) group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. The end-expiratory concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to a preset value after the patient's eyelash reflex disappeared. After the end-expiratory concentration of sevoflurane was kept stable for at least 15 min, the laryngeal mask was placed, and the patient's physical response to the mask placement was observed immediately and within 30 s of placement. The MAC of sevoflurane was measured using the up-and-down sequential method of Dixon.
RESULTS
The calculated MAC of end-expiratory sevoflurane during laryngeal mask insertion in adult females was (2.94 ± 0.18)%, (2.69 ± 0.16)%, (2.32 ± 0.16)% and (1.83 ± 0.15)% in groups RF0, RF1, RF2 and RF3; (2.98 ± 0.18)%, (2.80 ± 0.19)%, (2.54 ± 0.15)% and (2.15 ± 0.15)% in male groups RM0, RM1, RM2 and RM3, respectively. The MAC values were significantly lower in the (RF1-RF3, RM1-RM3) group when compared to the (RF0, RM0) group. There was no significant difference between (RF0, RF1) and (RM0, RM1), but the MAC value of the RF2-RF3 group was significantly lower than that of the RM2-RM3 group.
CONCLUSIONS
Remimazolam can effectively reduce end-expiratory sevoflurane MAC values during laryngeal mask placement in adults. When remimazolam was measured above 1.5 mg/kg/h, the effect of inhibiting laryngeal mask implantation in female patients was stronger than that in male patients. Remimazolam at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/h combined with sevoflurane induction can be safely and effectively used in these patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Sevoflurane; Laryngeal Masks; Methyl Ethers; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Benzodiazepines
PubMed: 38454342
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02468-y -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jan 2024Pulmonary aspiration is a potentially lethal perioperative complication that can be precipitated by gastric insufflation. Face mask ventilation (FMV), a ubiquitous... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary aspiration is a potentially lethal perioperative complication that can be precipitated by gastric insufflation. Face mask ventilation (FMV), a ubiquitous anesthetic procedure, can cause gastric insufflation. FMV with an inspiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O provides the best balance between adequate pulmonary ventilation and a low probability of gastric insufflation. There is no data about the effects of FMV > 120 seconds.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effect of prolonged FMV on gastric insufflation.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary medical center with female patients who underwent oocyte retrieval surgery under general anesthesia FMV. Pre- and postoperative gastric ultrasound examinations measured the gastric antral cross-sectional area to detect gastric insufflation. Pressure-controlled FMV with an inspiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O was continued from the anesthesia induction until the end of the surgery.
RESULTS
The study comprised 49 patients. Baseline preoperative gastric ultrasound demonstrated optimal and good image quality. All supine measurements were feasible. The median duration of FMV was 13 minutes (interquartile range 9-18). In the postoperative period, gastric insufflation was detected in only 2 of 49 patients (4.1%). There was no association between the duration of FMV and delta gastric antral cross-sectional area (β -0.01; 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.01, P = 0.31).
CONCLUSIONS
Pressure-controlled FMV with an inspiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O carries a low incidence of gastric insufflations, not only as a bridge to a definitive airway but as an alternative ventilation method for relatively short procedures in selective populations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anesthesia, General; Insufflation; Laryngeal Masks; Respiration, Artificial; Stomach; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38420638
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of African Medicine 2024Background The I-LMA ventilates while providing a port for blind insertion of an endotracheal tube. The ILMA Fastrach is used especially for intubating in a difficult...
Ease of endotracheal intubation with the conventional polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube versus wire-reinforced flexometallic tube through the intubating laryngeal mask airway: A comparative study.
UNLABELLED
Background The I-LMA ventilates while providing a port for blind insertion of an endotracheal tube. The ILMA Fastrach is used especially for intubating in a difficult airway scenario. Its accompanying endotracheal tube is not economical nor readily available. In comparison, two alternative endotracheal tubes - polyvinyl chloride and wire-reinforced tubes were used for tracheal intubation through the ILMA.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of our study was to compare the ease of intubation when using conventional PVC tubes versus the wire-reinforced flexometallic tubes with the ILMA-FastrachTM. The number of attempts, time taken and additional maneuvers were noted. Intra-operative hemodynamic changes, post-operative sore throat, bleeding and hoarseness of voice was recorded over a period of 24 hours.
METHODOLOGY
After informed consent, 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia were allocated to undergo blind intubation with the PVC tube or the wire-reinforced flexometallic tube.
RESULTS
More attempts were required for successful intubation using the wire-reinforced tube than the PVC tube with 76.7% passing in the first attempt in the PVC, and 53.3% passing in the first attempt in the flexometallic group. (P = 0.4). Average time for intubation in the PVC group: 28.24 ± 7.22 seconds. Average time for intubation in the flexometallic tube: 45.8 ± 15.78 sec. Occurrence of post-operative sore throat was 13.3% in the PVC group and 26.6% in the flexometallic group, with minimal hoarseness of voice 3.3% in the PVC group and 10% in the flexometallic group. There was also a slightly higher hemodynamic response in those who were intubated with the flexometallic tube than a PVC tube.
CONCLUSION
Intubating via the ILMA-Fastrach with the PVC tube offered better intubating conditions with regards to lesser time taken, lesser attempts, less manipulation, and less hemodynamic variations as compared to the patients who were intubated using the wire-reinforced tube.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Polyvinyl Chloride; Hoarseness; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 38358174
DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_79_23