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F1000Research 2023The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the methanolic fraction of leaves using Plackett-Burman design to optimize process...
The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the methanolic fraction of leaves using Plackett-Burman design to optimize process parameters and to evaluate its antibacterial effect. For the separation of phytoconstituents, chromatographic techniques were used. For characterization and identification, UV - VIS spectrophotometry, FTIR spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. The Plackett-Burman design used polynomial regression statistical analysis to determine the most influential variables. UV-VIS spectroscopy reported an absorbance concerning surface plasmon resonance between 410-420 nm wavelength for the AgNPs. FTIR spectrophotometry reported characteristic peaks in the biosynthesized AgNPs, observing the disappearance of spectral peaks between 1000-1500 cm . By UHPLC-MS, caffeic acid derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, disaccharide and a complex formed between silver and the solvent (AgCH3CN+) were identified. Using DLS, the AgNPs presented an average hydrodynamic size of 45.91 nm. TEM determined the spherical shape of the AgNPs, presenting diameters in the range of 30 to 60 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed higher antibacterial activity against and than the total extract, the methanolic fraction and pure methanol. The polynomial model in the biosynthesis was validated with an adequate fitting representing the experimental data of the process. The most significant variables for the model obtained were the reaction pH (X ) and the concentration of the precursor salt AgNO (X ). The synthesized AgNPs offer a viable option for further development due to the presence of bioactive compounds, adequate characterization and antibacterial activity.
Topics: Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asteraceae; Escherichia coli; Methanol
PubMed: 38434649
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140883.1 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Mar 2024Accumulating evidence has suggested that dietary polyphenols may be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the available evidence is contradictory. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has suggested that dietary polyphenols may be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the available evidence is contradictory. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between dietary intake of polyphenols and the odds of MetS.
METHODS
The PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched to obtain eligible studies. The risk of MetS for the highest versus the lowest intakes of total, subclasses and individual polyphenols were examined by pooling odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using the random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies (6 cohort and 8 cross-sectional studies) involving a total of 50,366 participants with 10,879 cases of MetS were included. When various polyphenol compounds were pooled, they were significantly related to a 22% decreased odds of MetS (([5 studies]; OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.72-0.85). Higher intakes of total flavonoids (([9 studies]; OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.72-0.85), flavan-3-ols (([2 studies]; OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.43-0.94), isoflavones (([3 studies]; OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.75-0.93), stilbenes (([4 studies]; OR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.76-0.97), flavones (([2 studies]; OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71-0.89), and quercetin (([2 studies]; OR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.43-0.93) were also significantly associated with a decreased risk of MetS. The associations were not modified by the age of the participants. No association was found for total polyphenols, phenolic acids, lignans, anthocyanins, and flavonols.
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis supported that higher polyphenol intake can lower the risk of MetS.
Topics: Humans; Anthocyanins; Diet; Metabolic Syndrome; Polyphenols
PubMed: 38429765
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01556-x -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Protein, oil content, linoleic acid, and lignan are several key indicators for evaluating the quality of flaxseed. In order to optimize the testing methods for...
Protein, oil content, linoleic acid, and lignan are several key indicators for evaluating the quality of flaxseed. In order to optimize the testing methods for flaxseed's nutritional quality and enhance the efficiency of screening high-quality flax germplasm resources, we selected 30 flaxseed species widely cultivated in Northwest China as the subjects of our study. Firstly, we gathered hyperspectral information regarding the seeds, along with data on protein, oil content, linoleic acid, and lignan, and utilized the SPXY algorithm to classify the sample set. Subsequently, the spectral data underwent seven distinct preprocessing methods, revealing that the PLSR model exhibited superior performance after being processed with the SG smoothing method. Feature wavelength extraction was carried out using the Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS). Finally, four quantitative analysis models, namely Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Principal Component Regression (PCR), were individually established. Experimental results demonstrated that among all the models for predicting protein content, the SG-CARS-MLR model predicted the best, with and of 0.9563 and 0.9336, with the corresponding Root Mean Square Error Correction (RMSEC) and Root Mean Square Error Prediction (RMSEP) of 0.4892 and 0.5616, respectively. In the optimal prediction models for oil content, linoleic acid and lignan, the was 0.8565, 0.8028, 0.9343, and the RMSEP was 0.8682, 0.5404, 0.5384, respectively. The study results show that hyperspectral imaging technology has excellent potential for application in the detection of quality characteristics of flaxseed and provides a new option for the future non-destructive testing of the nutritional quality of flaxseed.
PubMed: 38410736
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1344143 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024This study sought to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from unmature Ajwa date seeds (UMS), conduct untargeted metabolite...
Optimization, Metabolomic Analysis, Antioxidant Potential andDepigmenting Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds fromUnmature Ajwa Date Seeds ( L.) Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction.
This study sought to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from unmature Ajwa date seeds (UMS), conduct untargeted metabolite identification and assess antioxidant and depigmenting activities. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was applied to optimize extraction conditions, including the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time. The determined optimal conditions comprised the ethanol concentration (62.00%), extraction time (29.00 min), and extraction temperature (50 °C). Under these conditions, UMS exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values of 77.52 ± 1.55 mgGAE/g and 58.85 ± 1.12 mgCE/g, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD%) and relative standard error (RSE%). High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis unveiled the presence of 104 secondary metabolites in UMS, encompassing phenols, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans and fatty acids. Furthermore, UMS demonstrated robust antioxidant activities in various cell-free antioxidant assays, implicating engagement in both hydrogen atom transfer and single electron transfer mechanisms. Additionally, UMS effectively mitigated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crucially, UMS showcased the ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and suppress key proteins including tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (Trp-1 and -2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which associated melanin production in MNT-1 cell. In summary, this study not only optimized the extraction process for polyphenolic compounds from UMS but also elucidated its diverse secondary metabolite profile. The observed antioxidant and depigmenting activities underscore the promising applications of UMS in skincare formulations and pharmaceutical developments.
PubMed: 38397836
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020238 -
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genes and Pathways Related to Wheat Root Hair Length.International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Tube-like outgrowths from root epidermal cells, known as root hairs, enhance water and nutrient absorption, facilitate microbial interactions, and contribute to plant...
Tube-like outgrowths from root epidermal cells, known as root hairs, enhance water and nutrient absorption, facilitate microbial interactions, and contribute to plant anchorage by expanding the root surface area. Genetically regulated and strongly influenced by environmental conditions, longer root hairs generally enhance water and nutrient absorption, correlating with increased stress resistance. Wheat, a globally predominant crop pivotal for human nutrition, necessitates the identification of long root hair genotypes and their regulatory genes to enhance nutrient capture and yield potential. This study focused on 261 wheat samples of diverse genotypes during germination, revealing noticeable disparities in the length of the root hair among the genotypes. Notably, two long root hair genotypes (W106 and W136) and two short root hair genotypes (W90 and W100) were identified. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the development of 12 root cDNA libraries, unveiling 1180 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further analyses, including GO function annotation, KEGG enrichment, MapMan metabolic pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network prediction, underscored the upregulation of root hair length regulatory genes in the long root hair genotypes. These included genes are associated with GA and BA hormone signaling pathways, FRS/FRF and bHLH transcription factors, phenylpropanoid, lignin, lignan secondary metabolic pathways, the peroxidase gene for maintaining ROS steady state, and the ankyrin gene with diverse biological functions. This study contributes valuable insights into modulating the length of wheat root hair and identifies candidate genes for the genetic improvement of wheat root traits.
Topics: Humans; Transcriptome; Triticum; Gene Expression Profiling; Phenotype; Water; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38396749
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042069 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2024Podophyllotoxin (PPT) derivatives, used in cancer therapy, require development toward enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
CONTEXT
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) derivatives, used in cancer therapy, require development toward enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
OBJECTIVE
This study synthesizes PPT derivatives to assess their anticancer activities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Compounds E1-E16 antiproliferative activity was tested against four human cancer cell lines (H446, MCF-7, HeLa, A549) and two normal cell lines (L02, BEAS-2B) using the CCK-8 assay. The effects of compound on A549 cell growth were evaluated through molecular docking, assays (flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, colony formation, Western blot), and tests in female BALB/c nude mice treated with (2 and 4 mg/kg). (4 mg/kg) significantly reduced xenograft tumor growth compared to the DMSO control group.
RESULTS
Among the 16 PPT derivatives tested for cytotoxicity, exhibited potent effects against A549 cells (IC: 0.35 ± 0.13 µM) and exceeded the reference drugs PPT and etoposide to inhibit the growth of xenograft tumours. -induced cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases accelerated tubulin depolymerization and triggered apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization while regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion, suggesting a potential to limit metastasis. Molecular docking showed binding of to tubulin at the colchicine site and to Akt, with a consequent down-regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This research lays the groundwork for advancing cancer treatment through developing and using PPT derivatives. The encouraging results associated with call for extended research and clinical validation, leading to novel and more effective cancer therapies.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Female; Podophyllotoxin; Tubulin; Molecular Docking Simulation; Mice, Nude; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis; Tubulin Modulators
PubMed: 38393642
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2318350 -
Cytotherapy May 2024The combination therapy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy has been employed to improve...
Prognostic differences between carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) and carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan and fludarabine (BEAMF) regimens before autologous stem cell transplantation plus chimeric antigen receptor T therapy in patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell...
BACKGROUND AIMS
The combination therapy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy has been employed to improve outcomes for relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (B-NHL). The widely used conditioning regimen before ASCT plus CART therapy reported in the literature was carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM). However, whether adding fludarabine to the BEAM regimen (BEAMF) can improve the survival of patients with R/R B-NHL remains unknown.
METHODS
In total, 39 and 19 patients with R/R B-NHL were enrolled to compare clinical outcomes in the BEAM and BEAMF regimens before ASCT plus CD19/22 CART therapy, respectively.
RESULTS
The objective response (OR) rates at 3 months to BEAM and BEAMF regimens before ASCT plus CD19/22 CART therapy were 71.8% and 94.7%, respectively (P = 0.093). The BEAMF regimen showed a trend towards a superior duration of response compared with the BEAM regimen (P = 0.09). After a median follow-up of 28 months (range: 0.93-51.9 months), the BEAMF regimen demonstrated superior 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) (89.5% versus 63.9%; P = 0.048) and 2-year overall survival (OS) (100% vs 77.3%; P = 0.035) compared with the BEAM regimen. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, OR at month 3 (responders) was remarkably correlated with better OS (hazard ratio: 0.112, P = 0.005) compared with OR (non-responders).
CONCLUSIONS
For patients with R/R B-NHL, the BEAMF regimen before ASCT plus CD19/22 CART therapy was correlated with superior PFS and OS than the BEAM regimen, and the BEAMF regimen is a promising alternative conditioning regimen for ASCT plus CAR-T therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Carmustine; Melphalan; Cytarabine; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Middle Aged; Adult; Transplantation, Autologous; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Etoposide; Vidarabine; Prognosis; Aged; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Podophyllotoxin; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Young Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Transplantation Conditioning; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
PubMed: 38385909
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.012 -
Cancer Medicine Jan 2024The purpose of this study is to explore the biological mechanism of Schizandrin A (SchA) inducing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to explore the biological mechanism of Schizandrin A (SchA) inducing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis.
METHODS
The reverse molecular docking tool "Swiss Target Prediction" was used to predict the targets of SchA. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed on potential targets using the String database. Functional enrichment analyses of potential targets were performed with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The conformation of SchA binding to target was simulated by chemical-protein interactomics and molecular docking. The effect of SchA on the expression and phosphorylation level of EGFR was detected by Western blot. Lipofectamine 3000 and EGFR plasmids were used to overexpress EGFR. Apoptosis was tested with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining, and cell cycle was detected by propidium iodide staining.
RESULTS
The "Swiss Target Prediction" database predicted 112 and 111 targets based on the 2D and 3D structures of SchA, respectively, of which kinases accounted for the most, accounting for 24%. Protein interaction network analyses showed that molecular targets such as ERBB family and SRC were at the center of the network. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that ERBB-related signaling pathways were enriched. Compound-protein interactomics and molecular docking revealed that SchA could bind to the ATP-active pocket of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Laboratory results showed that SchA inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR. Insulin could counteract the cytotoxic effect of SchA. EGFR overexpression and excess EGF or IGF-1 had limited impacts on the cytotoxicity of SchA.
CONCLUSIONS
Network pharmacology analyses suggested that ERBB family members may be the targets of SchA. SchA can inhibit NSCLC at least in part by inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation, and activating the EGFR bypass can neutralize the cytotoxicity of SchA.
Topics: Humans; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclooctanes; ErbB Receptors; Lignans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Docking Simulation; Polycyclic Compounds
PubMed: 38376003
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6942 -
Transplantation Proceedings Mar 2024To investigate the biological effects of arctigenin on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the biological effects of arctigenin on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism.
METHODS
B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro were treated with the blank control solution and arctigenin solution of different concentrations, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and cell loss assay, and the effect of arctigenin on melanoma cell proliferation was evaluated. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of BCL-2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cells of different groups and to explore the mechanism of action of arctigenin.
RESULTS
The proliferation rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P < .05), and the proliferation rate decreased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The apoptosis rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P < .05), and the apoptosis rate increased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The expression levels of BCL-2 and VEGF in B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P < .05), and the expression levels decreased as the concentration of arctigenin increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Arctigenin can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of melanoma cells, and the mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression of BCL-2 and VEGF in melanoma cells.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis; Melanoma, Experimental; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Cell Proliferation; Furans; Lignans
PubMed: 38368128
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.054 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Mar 2024In diabetes hyperglycemia, excessive production of free radicals and present oxidative stress lead to many complications in the body, including male reproductive system...
In diabetes hyperglycemia, excessive production of free radicals and present oxidative stress lead to many complications in the body, including male reproductive system disorders. To prevent the development of diabetic complications in the testes resulting from them, it seems beneficial to include compounds considered as natural antioxidants. Honokiol and magnolol are neolignans obtained from magnolia bark, which possess proven antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of honokiol and magnolol on the parameters of oxidative stress, polyol pathway and glycation products in the testes as well as on selected biochemical parameters in the blood serum of rats with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted on mature male Wistar rats with high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. Neolignans-treated rats received honokiol or magnolol orally at the doses of 5 or 25 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Parameters related to glucose and lipid homeostasis, basic serological parameters and sex hormones level in the serum as well as polyol pathway parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous antioxidants level, sumaric parameters for oxidative stress and oxidative damage in the testes were estimated. Oral administration of honokiol and magnolol turned out to be beneficial in combating the effects of oxidative stess in the testes, but showed no favorable effects on serum biochemical parameters. Additionally, magnolol compared to honokiol revealed more advantageous impact indicating the reversal of the effects of diabetic complications in the male reproductive system and counteracted oxidative stress damages and polyol pathway disorders in the testes.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Testis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Rats, Wistar; Oxidative Stress; Lignans; Diabetes Complications; Allyl Compounds; Biphenyl Compounds; Phenols; Polymers
PubMed: 38364735
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116265