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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of three extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, and...
The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of three extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) from The composition of the methanolic extract was elucidated using HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis. The antioxidant effect was examined using NO, DPPH, FRAP, and TAC assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution using various bacterial strains such as , , , and . Structural disruptions in Gram-positive bacteria were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human MRC-5 in culture according to the MTT assay. The outcomes suggest that methanol extract contained a high amount of phenolic compounds (254.35 0.360 mg GAE/g DE and 211.59 0.939 mg QE/g DE). By applying the HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis, 32 compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and fatty acids. This extract showed strong antioxidant (IC = 0.043 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and antimicrobial (MIC = 156 µg/mL) activities. The SEM suggests that cells exhibited membrane distortions characterized by surface depressions and alterations in bacterial shape, including dents, when compared to untreated cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity effect on human MRC-5 cells showed no toxicity effects at a concentration of 600 µg/mL. In silico analysis predicted low toxicity for all tested compounds across four different administration routes. This research indicates that this plant could be explored as a powerful source of natural drugs to target pathogens, with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.
PubMed: 38592935
DOI: 10.3390/plants13060909 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including...
Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68-2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7-65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
PubMed: 38592794
DOI: 10.3390/plants13060793 -
Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Jun 2024Metabolites of the edible and medicinal plant Arctium have been shown to possess beneficial activities. The phytochemical profile of Arctium lappa is well-explored and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Metabolites of the edible and medicinal plant Arctium have been shown to possess beneficial activities. The phytochemical profile of Arctium lappa is well-explored and its fruits are known to contain mainly lignans, fatty acids, and sterols. But the fruits of other Arctium species have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study compares the metabolic profiles of the fruits of A. lappa, Arctium tomentosum, and Arctium minus. Targeted metabolomics led to the putative identification of 53 metabolites in the fruit extracts, the majority of these being lignans and fatty acids. Quantification of the major lignans showed that the year of collection had a significant effect on the lignan content. Furthermore, A. lappa fruits contained lesser amounts of arctigenin but greater amounts of arctigenin glycoside than A. minus fruits. Regarding the profile of fatty acids, A. minus fruits differed from the others in the presence of linolelaidic acid.
Topics: Arctium; Fruit; Lignans; Fatty Acids; Plant Extracts; Furans; Phytochemicals; Metabolome; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38589624
DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01175-w -
Heliyon Apr 2024The root of is utilized in Traditional Chinese medicine to enhance blood replenishment and facilitate blood circulation. The early bolting and flowering (EBF) of ,...
The root of is utilized in Traditional Chinese medicine to enhance blood replenishment and facilitate blood circulation. The early bolting and flowering (EBF) of , however, compromises the quality of the roots and restricts the yield of medicinal substances. The study was conducted to compare the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles between EBF plants and normal plants of two cultivars of , followed by validation of the transcriptome results using qRT-PCR. There were 3677 DEGs in EBF plants compared to normal plants of cultivar 2 (Mingui No.2), and cultivar 4 (Mingui No.4) was 3354. The main differential metabolites in the EBF and normal plants were phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and coumarins. The analysis of 5 EBF-related pathways revealed 28 genes exhibiting differential expression and 5 metabolites showing differential accumulation. The expression of the , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and decreased and the expression of the , , , , , , , and increased in EBF plants. In addition, the Abscisic acid, d-Glucose-6P, α-d-Glucose-1P, NADP+, and ADP were more significantly enriched in EBF plants. The findings offer novel perspectives on the EBF mechanisms in and other medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family.
PubMed: 38576577
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28636 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Plants, renowned for their rich reservoir of metabolites, play a pivotal role in addressing health-related issues. The Verbenaceae family stands out, showcasing immense... (Review)
Review
Plants, renowned for their rich reservoir of metabolites, play a pivotal role in addressing health-related issues. The Verbenaceae family stands out, showcasing immense potential in preventing and treating chronic diseases. L. (), a shrub with a rich history in traditional medicine, particularly in Eastern Asia, has garnered attention for its diverse therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review aims to bridge traditional knowledge and contemporary insights by investigating ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of . The keyword "" and its synonyms were searched within the main scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar (from 1974 to 2022, last search: 21.10.2023). Phytochemical analyses reveal a spectrum of secondary metabolites in , including terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phytosterols, anthraquinones, and fatty acids. Notably, terpenoids and flavonoids emerge as the main bioactive metabolites. Pharmacological studies validate its therapeutic potential, demonstrating significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-amnesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-malaria, antispasmodic activities, and reported insecticidal effects. Despite existing literature exploring pharmacological attributes and secondary metabolites of related species, a conspicuous gap exists, specifically focusing on the pharmacological activities and novel methods of purification of pure metabolites from . This review aimed to fill this gap by delving into traditional medicinal applications, exploring secondary metabolites comprehensively, and providing an in-depth analysis of pharmacological effects of pure metabolites. Combining traditional uses with contemporary pharmacological insights, this article sought to serve as a crucial reference for future research and practical application of . This approach contributes substantially to understanding the plant, fostering scientific inquiry, and facilitating its broader application in healthcare.
PubMed: 38576489
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1322083 -
Heliyon Apr 2024Sesame () is abundant in a diverse range of lignans, including sesamin, and γ-tocopherol, constituting a cluster of bioactive phenolic compound used for food and...
Antioxidant activity, metabolic profiling, in-silico molecular docking and ADMET analysis of nano selenium treated sesame seed bioactive compounds as potential novel drug targets against cardiovascular disease related receptors.
Sesame () is abundant in a diverse range of lignans, including sesamin, and γ-tocopherol, constituting a cluster of bioactive phenolic compound used for food and medicinal purposes. Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global health challenge, demanding vigilant prevention and innovative treatments. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of plant mediated SeNPs on sesame metabolic profile and to screen and check the effect bioactive compounds against CVD via molecular drug docking technique. Three sesame germplasms TS-5, TH-6 and Till-18 were treated with varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). There were three groups of treatments group-1 got only seed pretreatments of SeNPs, Group-2 with only foliar applications of SeNPs and Group-3 with both seed pretreatments and foliar applications of SeNPs. It was found that plants treated with 40 ppm of SeNPS in group 3 exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Total phenolic content at T4 was highest for TS-5 (134%), TH-6 (132%), and Till-18 (112%). LCMS analysis revealed a total of 276 metabolites, with phenolics, flavonoids, and free fatty acids being most abundant. KEGG analysis indicated enrichment in free fatty acid and phenylalanine tryptophan pathways. ADMET analysis and virtual screening resulted in total of five metabolic compounds as a potential ligand against Hemoglobin beta subunit. Lowest binding energy was achieved by Delta-Tocopherol (-6.98) followed by Lactoflavin (-6.20) and Sesamin (-5.00). Lipinski rule of five revealed that all the compounds completely safe to be used as drug against CVD and specifically for HBB. It was concluded that bioactive compounds from sesame could be an alternative source of drug for CVD related problems and especially for HBB.
PubMed: 38571619
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27909 -
PeerJ 2024The discovery of plant-derived compounds that are able to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens is an urgent demand. Over years, attracted considerable attention...
The discovery of plant-derived compounds that are able to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens is an urgent demand. Over years, attracted considerable attention because of its beneficial medical properties. Phytochemical analyses revealed that plant species contain several metabolites, such as sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignans.The organic extract of plant, collected in Palestine, showed significant antimicrobial properties towards a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains when the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were evaluated by broth microdilution assays. A bio-guided fractionation of the active extract multiple steps of column and thin layer chromatography allowed us to obtain three main compounds. The isolated metabolites were identified as the STLs cnicin, 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide and salonitenolide by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. Cnicin conferred the strongest antimicrobial activity among the identified compounds. Moreover, the evaluation of its antibiofilm activity by biomass assays through crystal violet staining revealed almost 30% inhibition of biofilm formation in the case of ATCC 17878 strain. Furthermore, the quantification of carbohydrates and proteins present in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) revealed the ability of cnicin to significantly perturb biofilm structure. Based on these promising results, further investigations might open interesting perspectives to its applicability in biomedical field to counteract multidrug resistant infections.
Topics: Centaurea; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phytochemicals; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 38560449
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16973 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024Cold-pressed oils are oils prepared from pressing plant materials with a screw or hydraulic press, yielding oils with little contamination of harmful chemicals and high... (Review)
Review
Cold-pressed oils are oils prepared from pressing plant materials with a screw or hydraulic press, yielding oils with little contamination of harmful chemicals and high content of nutrients and functional constituents. Cold-pressed oils have gained increasing recognition as food supplements for preventing and ameliorating body deterioration due to ageing and the progression of lifestyle diseases or non-communicable diseases. This article aimed to review their structure, bioactivity, and chromatographic analysis of the mostly found functional compounds in cold-pressed oils, including phytosterols, carotenoids, tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, and lignans), and squalene.
Topics: Carotenoids; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Tocopherols
PubMed: 38556275
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23164 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... May 2024Lenvatinib's efficacy as a frontline targeted therapy for radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid carcinoma and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma owes to its inhibition of...
BACKGROUND
Lenvatinib's efficacy as a frontline targeted therapy for radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid carcinoma and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma owes to its inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases. However, as a CYP3A4 substrate, lenvatinib bears susceptibility to pharmacokinetic modulation by co-administered agents. Schisantherin A (STA) and schisandrin A (SIA) - bioactive lignans abundant in the traditional Chinese medicinal Wuzhi Capsule - act as CYP3A4 inhibitors, engendering the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with lenvatinib.
METHODS
To explore potential DDIs between lenvatinib and STA/SIA, we developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for lenvatinib and used it to construct a DDI model for lenvatinib and STA/SIA. The model was validated with clinical trial data and used to predict changes in lenvatinib exposure with combined treatment.
RESULTS
Following single-dose administration, the predicted area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentrations (C) of lenvatinib increased 1.00- to 1.03-fold and 1.00- to 1.01-fold, respectively, in the presence of STA/SIA. Simulations of multiple-dose regimens revealed slightly greater interactions, with lenvatinib AUC and C increasing up to 1.09-fold and 1.02-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our study developed the first PBPK and DDI models for lenvatinib as a victim drug. STA and SIA slightly increased lenvatinib exposure in simulations, providing clinically valuable information on the safety of concurrent use. Given the minimal pharmacokinetic changes, STA/SIA are unlikely to interact with lenvatinib through pharmacokinetic alterations synergistically but rather may enhance efficacy through inherent anti-cancer efficacy of STA/ SIA.
PubMed: 38556066
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106757 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024(Schisandraceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Under the name Wu Wei Zi, it is used to treat many diseases, especially as a...
(Schisandraceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Under the name Wu Wei Zi, it is used to treat many diseases, especially as a stimulant, adaptogen, and hepatoprotective. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are the main compounds responsible for the effect of . As a part of ongoing studies to identify and evaluate anti-inflammatory natural compounds, we isolated a series of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and evaluated their biological activity. Furthermore, we isolated new sesquiterpene 7,7-dimethyl-11-methylidenespiro[5.5]undec-2-ene-3-carboxylic acid. Selected dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were tested to assess their anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated monocytes by monitoring their anti-NF-κB activity, antioxidant activity in CAA assay, and their effect on gap junction intercellular communication in WB- cells. Some lignans showed antioxidant activity in CAA mode and affected the gap junction intercellular communication. The anti-inflammatory activity was proven for (-)-gomisin N, (+)-γ-schisandrin, rubrisandrin A, and (-)-gomisin J.
Topics: Schisandra; Lignans; Cyclooctanes; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Polycyclic Compounds
PubMed: 38542438
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063465