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Journal of Dairy Science May 2024The use of essential oils (EOs) has attracted interest in the food industry due to their wide range of beneficial properties. In this study, a new functional yogurt was...
The use of essential oils (EOs) has attracted interest in the food industry due to their wide range of beneficial properties. In this study, a new functional yogurt was developed using 2 essential oils [Marjoram (M) and Geranium (G)], at 3 different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% vol/vol). The physicochemical properties (syneresis, viscosity, pH, and chemical composition), bioactivities (antioxidant activity, anticancer and antibacterial effects, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC)), and sensory characteristics of the developed yogurt were evaluated. The findings indicated that the yogurts fortified with 0.6% M or G exhibited higher viscosity and lower syneresis compared with other treatments. The yogurt supplemented with 0.6% M displayed significant antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. In addition, the yogurt enriched with Geranium and Marjoram oils at a concentration of 0.6% had notably significant (P < 0.05) higher TFC levels compared with the control sample and other concentrations. In the same context, in terms of TPC, yogurt supplemented with 0.6% Marjoram oil displayed significantly (P < 0.05) elevated levels in comparison to the other samples tested. Yogurt enriched with Marjoram oil exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, followed by Geranium oil compared with the control samples. The yogurt supplemented with 0.6% M demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity, while the yogurt fortified with 0.6% G showed higher anticancer activity against HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells and oxidative stress enzyme activities. Among the various concentrations of EOs tested, the yogurts fortified with 0.6% M or G EOs exhibited the most favorable outcomes, followed by 0.4% M or G. To summarize, G and M EOs can be used as a potential nutritious ingredient and as a natural preservative for milk and related products.
PubMed: 38754824
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24281 -
Analytical Chemistry May 2024In this study, the covalently fixed "end-on" orientation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb-) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles...
In this study, the covalently fixed "end-on" orientation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb-) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles (NH-TEG-AuNPs) was used to fabricate an in-house lateral flow strip (LFS), namely, the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS in detecting . The proposed LFS enabled the sensitive detection of in 15 min with a visual limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL. Quantitative analysis indicated an LOD at 10 CFU/mL. The fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria and practical performance across different food matrices, including human blood, milk, and mushroom samples. Furthermore, the clinical performance of the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS for detecting was evaluated by using 12 clinical samples validated by the hemoculture method. It demonstrated excellent concordance with the reference methods, with no false-positive or false-negative results observed. Therefore, the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS serves as a promising candidate for a point-of-care test (POCT), enabling the rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of in clinical samples and contaminated food.
Topics: Listeria monocytogenes; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Limit of Detection; Food Microbiology; Milk; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Immobilized; Animals; Listeriosis
PubMed: 38748432
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00533 -
Cureus Apr 2024We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and...
We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and ustekinumab who quickly developed invasive infection after incidental identification on routine paracentesis. The infection rapidly progressed from bacterial peritonitis to bacteremia and meningitis within three days. Treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was successful. We highlight the increased risk of invasive listeriosis in immunocompromised individuals, including those on biologic therapies, and the importance of considering as a pathogen from sterile sites even in asymptomatic patients.
PubMed: 38738136
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58116 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2024Field-packing of cantaloupes involves numerous food contact surfaces that can contamination melons with foodborne pathogens; the soil on these surfaces increases...
Field-packing of cantaloupes involves numerous food contact surfaces that can contamination melons with foodborne pathogens; the soil on these surfaces increases throughout the harvest day. Data is lacking on the cross-contamination risk from contaminated food contact surfaces under the dry conditions typical of cantaloupe field-packing operations. This study sought to evaluate the survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes on cantaloupe field-pack food contact surfaces using both a wet and dry inoculum to provide insights into managing foodborne pathogen contamination risks. Five clean or fouled materials (cotton gloves, nitrile gloves, rubber gloves, cotton rags, and stainless steel) were inoculated with a cocktail of either Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. A wet inoculum was spot inoculated (100 µL) onto coupons. A dry inoculum was prepared by mixing wet inoculum with 100 g of sterile sand, and shaking the coupons with the inoculated sand for 2min. Coupons were held at 35°C (35% RH) and enumerated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Significant differences in pathogen concentrations over time were calculated and the GInaFiT add-in tool for Excel was used to build Log-linear, Weibull, and Biphasic die-off models. Depending on the material type, coupon condition, and inoculum type, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes reductions over 8 h ranged from 0.3-3.3 and -0.4-4.2 log CFU/coupon, respectively. For all material types, Salmonella reductions were highest on wet-inoculated clean coupons; L. monocytogenes varied by material type. Weibull and biphasic models were a better fit of respective pathogen die-off curves than linear models. Overall, faster die-off rates were seen for wet inoculated and clean materials. Since pathogen populations remained viable over the study duration and both inoculum type and coupon condition impacted survival, frequent sanitation or replacement of food contact surfaces during the operational day is needed to reduce the risk of cross-contamination.
PubMed: 38734412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100299 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2024Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
OBJECTIVES
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
METHODS
All hospitalizations with a diagnosis of LM in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges were examined in Spain from 2000 to 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 8152 hospital admissions with LM were identified. The mean age was 59.5 years and 48% were immunosuppressed (IS). The rate of LM hospitalizations increased from 5 per 1 million population in 2000 to 8.9 in 2021 (p < 0.001). A foodborne outbreak in Andalusia determined a sharp increase in admissions with LM during 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns were associated with a decrease in LM admissions. The overall in-hospital mortality was 16.7%. The number of deaths in patients hospitalized with LM rose from 7.8 per 100,000 deceased in 2000 to 18 in 2021 (p < 0.001). After adjustment, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16), sepsis (OR = 2.60), meningoencephalitis (OR = 1.72), endocarditis (OR = 2.0), neonatal listeriosis (OR = 2.10) and IS (OR = 2.09) were associated with mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of patients hospitalized with LM in Spain has increased significantly from 2000 to 2021. The increase in the rate of admissions and deaths was largely driven by the growing proportion of elderly and IS patients.
Topics: Humans; Listeriosis; Spain; Middle Aged; Male; Aged; Female; Listeria monocytogenes; Incidence; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Adult; COVID-19; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Adolescent; Disease Outbreaks; Child; Child, Preschool; Infant; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38734058
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Jun 2024Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is...
INTRODUCTION
Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi'an, China METHODS: The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenes showed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.
PubMed: 38733495
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00986-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Yamogenin is a steroidal saponin occurring in plant species such as , , , and sp. In this study, we evaluated in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial...
An In Vitro Study on the Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Yamogenin-A Plant Steroidal Saponin and Evaluation of Its Mechanism of Action in Gastric Cancer Cells.
Yamogenin is a steroidal saponin occurring in plant species such as , , , and sp. In this study, we evaluated in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of yamogenin. The cytotoxic activity was estimated on human colon cancer HCT116, gastric cancer AGS, squamous carcinoma UM-SCC-6 cells, and human normal fibroblasts with MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The amount of apoptotic and dead AGS cells after treatment with yamogenin was estimated with flow cytometry. Also, in yamogenin-treated AGS cells we investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activity level of caspase-8 and -9, and gene expression at mRNA level with flow cytometry, luminometry, and RT-PCR, respectively. The antioxidant properties of yamogenin were assessed with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The antimicrobial potential of the compound was estimated on , , , , , , , , , , and bacteria strains. Yamogenin showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on AGS cells (IC 18.50 ± 1.24 µg/mL) among the tested cell lines. This effect was significantly stronger in combinations of yamogenin with oxaliplatin or capecitabine than for the single compounds. Furthermore, yamogenin induced ROS production, depolarized mitochondrial membrane, and increased the activity level of caspase-8 and -9 in AGS cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that this sapogenin strongly up-regulated expression at the mRNA level. These results indicate that yamogenin induced cell death via the extrinsic and intrinsic way of apoptosis. Antioxidant study showed that yamogenin had moderate in vitro potential (IC 704.7 ± 5.9 µg/mL in DPPH and 631.09 ± 3.51 µg/mL in ABTS assay) as well as the inhibition of protein denaturation properties (with IC 1421.92 ± 6.06 µg/mL). Antimicrobial test revealed a weak effect of yamogenin on bacteria strains, the strongest one being against (with MIC value of 350 µg/mL). In conclusion, yamogenin may be a potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of gastric cancers.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Saponins; Stomach Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Anti-Infective Agents; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
PubMed: 38731847
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094627 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Traditional and regional foods have been increasing in popularity among consumers in Poland for many years. The observed trend of searching for natural and authentic...
Traditional and regional foods have been increasing in popularity among consumers in Poland for many years. The observed trend of searching for natural and authentic taste encourages many producers to craft products from raw milk, including Koryciński cheeses. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological hazards resulting from the presence of pathogenic bacteria in Koryciński cheeses available in retail trade. The tests were carried out using accredited methods, including the detection of the presence of spp., the enumeration of , the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci, and the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food when the number of coagulase-positive staphylococci in the sample exceeded the limit of 10 cfu/g. The research material consisted of 45 Koryciński cheeses. The tests conducted revealed that spp. was not detected in any of the examined cheeses. However, coagulase-positive staphylococci were present in 68.9% of the samples. In as many as 15 tested cheeses, the level of contamination was above 10 cfu/g; therefore, these samples were tested for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins. The presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins was found in one Koryciński cheese. In four cheeses, the number of exceeded the level of 10 cfu/g, the limit specified in Regulation 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. The obtained research results confirm the validity of monitoring the microbiological quality of Koryciński cheeses and the need to increase awareness of ensuring proper hygienic conditions of production, including the increased risk associated with unpasteurized milk products.
PubMed: 38731735
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091364 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness characterized by septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and occasional death in infants and...
is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness characterized by septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and occasional death in infants and immunocompromised individuals. is composed of four genetic lineages (I, II, III, and IV) and fourteen serotypes. The aim of the current study was to identify proteins that can serve as biomarkers for detection of genetic lineage III strains based on simple antibody-based methods. Liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) followed by bioinformatics and computational analysis were performed on three strains (NRRL B-33007, NRRL B-33014, and NRRL B-33077), which were used as reference strains for lineages I, II, and III, respectively. Results from ESI MS/MS revealed 42 unique proteins present in NRRL B-33077 and absent in NRRL B-33007 and NRRL B-33014 strains. BLAST analysis of the 42 proteins against a broader panel of >80 sequenced strains from lineages I and II revealed four proteins [TM2 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_2770), DUF3916 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_1897), DNA adenine methylase (NRRL B-33077_1926), and protein RhsA (NRRL B-33077_1129)] that have no homology with any sequenced strains in lineages I and II. The four genes that encode these proteins were expressed in strain DE3 and purified. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against purified recombinant proteins. ELISA using the polyclonal antibodies against 12 lineage I, II, and III isolates indicated that TM2 protein and DNA adenine methylase (Dam) detected all lineage III strains with no reaction to lineage I and II strains. In conclusion, two proteins including TM2 protein and Dam are potentially useful biomarkers for detection and differentiation of lineage III strains in clinical, environmental, and food processing facilities. Furthermore, these results validate the approach of using a combination of proteomics and bioinformatics to identify useful protein biomarkers.
PubMed: 38731673
DOI: 10.3390/foods13091302 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... May 2024is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019,...
is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019, listeriosis was diagnosed in two hospital patients in Finland. We conducted a descriptive study to identify the source of the infection and defined a case as a person with a laboratory-confirmed serogroup IIa sequence type (ST) 37. Six cases with ST 37 were notified to the Finnish Infectious Diseases Registry between 2015 and 2019. Patient interviews and hospital menus were used to target traceback investigation of the implicated foods. In 2021 and 2022, similar ST 37 was detected from samples of a ready-to-eat plant-based food product including fava beans. Inspections by the manufacturer and the local food control authority indicated that the food products were contaminated with after pasteurisation. Our investigation highlights the importance that companies producing plant-based food are subject to similar controls as those producing food of animal origin. Hospital menus can be a useful source of information that is not dependent on patient recall.
Topics: Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Disease Outbreaks; Finland; Food Microbiology; Female; Male; Foodborne Diseases; Middle Aged; Aged; Food Contamination; Adult; Fabaceae
PubMed: 38726694
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.19.2300488