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Asian Journal of Surgery Jun 2024Gallstones (GSs) disease is a common disease worldwide. The mechanisms of their formation are diverse and complex and are related to cholesterol metabolism, gallbladder... (Review)
Review
Gallstones (GSs) disease is a common disease worldwide. The mechanisms of their formation are diverse and complex and are related to cholesterol metabolism, gallbladder motility, biliary tract infection, the immune response, and ion metabolism. In recent years, with the application of inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry and other methods, studies have suggested a correlation between the metabolism of metal ions and GSs formation. A literature search on gallstones and metal ions was instituted on PubMed and EMBASE. The specific topics of interest were etiology, formation mechanism, component Analysis and metabolism. References of papers were subsequently searched to obtain older literature. After reading and summarizing a large amount of literature, we found that calcium, iron, and copper can potentially promote the release of inflammatory factors and increase the level of reactive oxygen species, which is positively correlated with GSs formation. While magnesium and zinc, with their antioxidant effects, are negatively correlated with GSs formation. Metal ions are not only a component of GSs but are also important biological signals. Metal ion metabolism affects the formation of GSs and understanding its mechanism of action is of clinical significance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of GSs.
PubMed: 38879366
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.243 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Low-cost thermoelectric materials with simultaneous high performance and superior plasticity at room temperature are urgently demanded due to the lack of ever-lasting...
Low-cost thermoelectric materials with simultaneous high performance and superior plasticity at room temperature are urgently demanded due to the lack of ever-lasting power supply for flexible electronics. However, the inherent brittleness in conventional thermoelectric semiconductors and the inferior thermoelectric performance in plastic organics/inorganics severely limit such applications. Here, we report low-cost inorganic polycrystalline MgSbBiTe, which demonstrates a remarkable combination of large strain (~ 43%) and high figure of merit zT (~ 0.72) at room temperature, surpassing both brittle Bi(Te,Se) (strain ≤ 5%) and plastic Ag(Te,Se,S) and organics (zT ≤ 0.4). By revealing the inherent high plasticity in MgSb and MgBi, capable of sustaining over 30% compressive strain in polycrystalline form, and the remarkable deformability of single-crystalline MgBi under bending, cutting, and twisting, we optimize the Bi contents in MgSbBi (x = 0 to 1) to simultaneously boost its room-temperature thermoelectric performance and plasticity. The exceptional plasticity of MgSbBi is further revealed to be brought by the presence of a dense dislocation network and the persistent Mg-Sb/Bi bonds during slipping. Leveraging its high plasticity and strength, polycrystalline MgSbBi can be easily processed into micro-scale dimensions. As a result, we successfully fabricate both in-plane and out-of-plane flexible MgSbBi thermoelectric modules, demonstrating promising power density. The inherent remarkable plasticity and high thermoelectric performance of MgSbBi hold the potential for significant advancements in flexible electronics and also inspire further exploration of plastic inorganic semiconductors.
PubMed: 38876994
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49440-5 -
Medicine Jun 2024Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) is a widely used adjuvant in anesthesia. Often administered with local anesthetics, it is known to reduce analgesic and opioid consumption... (Review)
Review
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) is a widely used adjuvant in anesthesia. Often administered with local anesthetics, it is known to reduce analgesic and opioid consumption while extending the duration of analgesia. MgSO4 applications extend to orthopedic surgeries, cardiovascular and urogenital procedures, offering extended postoperative pain relief. While commonly administered through various routes, there is a research gap concerning the comparative efficacy of intrathecal (IT) and intravenous (IV) MgSO4 administration. This narrative review aims to provide a comparison between IT and IV administration of MgSO4 particularly following orthopedic procedures, where pain management is paramount. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several electronic databases, trial registries, and gray literature from inception to 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating the effects of perioperative IT administration of magnesium compared to perioperative IV administration of MgSO4 in patients undergoing surgery, with no language restrictions. Our search identified 4326 articles, of which 9 randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. We summarized these selected articles. Four studies discussed IT magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration, 2 focused on IT administration in orthopedic surgeries, and 3 explored both IV and IT administration of MgSO4 in orthopedic surgery. IT MgSO4 shows promise in postoperative pain management, delaying block onset and extending duration. Personalized administration choice, considering patient factors and surgery type, is crucial. Further research is needed to refine strategies for better patient outcomes, particularly following orthopedic surgeries.
Topics: Magnesium Sulfate; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Orthopedic Procedures; Injections, Spinal; Administration, Intravenous; Pain Management; Analgesics
PubMed: 38875416
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038522 -
Medicine Jun 2024Approximately 10% to 40% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exhibit poor response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), indicating refractory GERD... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Approximately 10% to 40% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exhibit poor response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), indicating refractory GERD (RGERD). Banxia Houpu Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for treating GERD, particularly for atypical symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the improvement of different symptoms in RGERD patients treated with Banxia Houpu Decoction and identify relevant factors influencing its efficacy. From November 2021 to November 2022, a total of 89 RGERD patients voluntarily participated in this clinical study at our hospital. They were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: the Banxia Houpu Decoction group and the Western medicine group. The former received standard-dose Banxia Houpu Decoction, while the latter had a switch in PPI type with double-dose maintenance and the addition of magnesium aluminum carbonate as an acid suppressant. The improvement of different symptoms was compared between the 2 groups. Clinical data, including age, gender, gastric mucosal status, and esophagitis severity, were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to explore factors influencing the therapeutic effect of Banxia Houpu Decoction. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement in Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) scores. The Banxia Houpu Decoction group exhibited the most significant efficacy in relieving throat burning sensation (P = .003) and frequent hiccups (P = .003). It also demonstrated improvement in swallowing difficulty (P = .048) and postprandial abdominal distension (P = .041), surpassing the Western medicine group. The Western medicine group had the most significant improvement in heartburn sensation (P = .008) and showed significant improvement in gastric burning sensation (P = .022), surpassing Banxia Houpu Decoction. Age (P = .025) and gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) grade (P = .014) were identified as factors influencing the efficacy of Banxia Houpu Decoction. Banxia Houpu Decoction exhibits superior efficacy compared to double-dose PPI combined with acid suppressants in relieving symptoms such as throat burning sensation, swallowing difficulty, and frequent hiccups. It shows significant efficacy in patients under 60 years of age and with GEFV grades I-II.
Topics: Humans; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Adult; Treatment Outcome; Aged
PubMed: 38875370
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038045 -
Heliyon Jun 2024This scientific review involves a sequential analysis of randomized trial research focused on the incidence of shivering in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
This scientific review involves a sequential analysis of randomized trial research focused on the incidence of shivering in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study conducted a comprehensive search of different databases, up to the end of 2020. Only randomized trials comparing magnesium administration with either placebo or no treatment in patients expected to experience shivering were included. The primary objective was to evaluate shivering occurrence, distinguishing between patients receiving general anesthesia and those not. Secondary outcomes included serum magnesium concentrations, intubation time, post-anesthesia care unit stay, hospitalization duration, and side effects. Data collection included patient demographics and various factors related to magnesium administration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This scientific review analyzed 64 clinical trials meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 4303 patients. Magnesium was administered via different routes, primarily intravenous, epidural, and intraperitoneal, and compared against placebo or control. Data included demographics, magnesium dosage, administration method, and outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I statistic. Some studies were excluded due to unavailability of data or non-responsiveness from authors.
RESULT
and discussion: Out of 2546 initially identified articles, 64 trials were selected for analysis. IV magnesium effectively reduced shivering, with epidural and intraperitoneal routes showing even greater efficacy. IV magnesium demonstrated cost-effectiveness and a favorable safety profile, not increasing adverse effects. The exact dose-response relationship of magnesium remains unclear. The results also indicated no significant impact on sedation, extubation time, or gastrointestinal distress. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal magnesium dose and to explore its potential effects on blood pressure and heart rate, particularly regarding pruritus prevention.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the efficacy of intravenous (IV) magnesium in preventing shivering after cardiac surgery. Both epidural and intraperitoneal routes have shown promising results. The safety profile of magnesium administration appears favorable, as it reduces the incidence of shivering without significantly increasing costs. However, further investigation is required to establish the ideal magnesium dosage and explore its potential effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and pruritus prevention, especially in various patient groups.
PubMed: 38873687
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32127 -
Materials Today. Bio Jun 2024Osteoporosis (OP) can result in slower bone regeneration than the normal condition due to the imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, making osteoporotic...
Injectable and high-strength PLGA/CPC loaded ALN/MgO bone cement for bone regeneration by facilitating osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in osteoporotic bone defects.
Osteoporosis (OP) can result in slower bone regeneration than the normal condition due to the imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, making osteoporotic bone defects healing a significant clinical challenge. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising bone substitute material due to its good osteoinductive activity, however, the drawbacks such as fragility, slow degradation rate and incapability to control bone loss restrict its application in osteoporotic bone defects treatment. Currently, we developed the PLGA electrospun nanofiber sheets to carry alendronate (ALN) and magnesium oxide nanoparticle (nMgO) into CPC, therefore, to obtain a high-strength bone cement (C/AM-PL/C). The C/AM-PL/C bone cement had high mechanical strength, anti-washout ability, good injection performance and drug sustained release capacity. More importantly, the C/AM-PL/C cement promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neovascularization via the release of Mg (from nMgO) and Ca (during the degradation of CPC), and inhibited osteoclastogenesis via the release of ALN . Moreover, the injection of C/AM-PL/C cement significantly improved bone healing in an OP model with femur condyle defects . Altogether, the injectable C/AM-PL/C cement could facilitate osteoporotic bone regeneration, demonstrating its capacity as a promising candidate for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.
PubMed: 38873105
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101092 -
Bioactive Materials Sep 2024Due to matching biomechanical properties and significant biological activity, Mg-based implants present great potential in orthopedic applications. In recent years, the... (Review)
Review
Due to matching biomechanical properties and significant biological activity, Mg-based implants present great potential in orthopedic applications. In recent years, the biocompatibility and therapeutic effect of magnesium-based implants have been widely investigated in trauma repair. In contrast, the R&D work of Mg-based implants in spinal fusion is still limited. This review firstly introduced the general background for Mg-based implants. Secondly, the mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of Mg and its traditional and novel alloys were reviewed. Then, different surface modification techniques of Mg-based implants were described. Thirdly, this review comprehensively summarized the biological pathways of Mg degradation to promote bone formation in neuro-musculoskeletal circuit, angiogenesis with H-type vessel formation, osteogenesis with osteoblasts activation and chondrocyte ossification as an integrated system. Fourthly, this review followed the translation process of Mg-based implants via updating the preclinical studies in fracture fixation, sports trauma repair and reconstruction, and bone distraction for large bone defect. Furthermore, the pilot clinical studies were involved to demonstrate the reliable clinical safety and satisfactory bioactive effects of Mg-based implants in bone formation. Finally, this review introduced the background of spine fusion surgeryand the challenges of biological matching cage development. At last, this review prospected the translation potential of a hybrid Mg-PEEK spine fusion cage design.
PubMed: 38873086
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.026 -
Toxicology Reports Jun 2024Heavy metal (HM) contamination above permissible limits poses a risk to human health. The study evaluated the health risk (cancer and non-cancer) of exposure to copper...
Heavy metal (HM) contamination above permissible limits poses a risk to human health. The study evaluated the health risk (cancer and non-cancer) of exposure to copper (Cu) and steel factory wastes on water samples near the factory based on the hazard quotient (HQ) derived from the HM concentrations. Triplicate water samples were collected by purposive sampling and their concentrations of selected HMs [Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cd] were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The health risks were determined from the concentrations of HMs in water samples ingested orally. The range concentrations were [Fe, 0.074-0.178], [Pb, 0.011-0.013], [Cd, 0.005-0.02], and [Mn, 0.023-0.045] which were above the reference values set by World Health Organization. The contribution of the individual metal to the chronic daily intake (CDI) in the three samples are Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu. In the three different samples, the CDI for Mg was highest in the factory borehole [0.15523]. Comparing the CDI values from the three different collection points, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe were highest from the factory effluent. Mg contributed the highest HQ [5.46307] in all the water samples, followed by Pb [3.87618] and then Cd[2.64009], which reflect their significantly high hazard indices observed. The incremental life cancer risk [ILCR] via ingestion showed that the cancer risk resulting from Cd in the different sources demands attention. The factory effluent recorded the highest mean levels of the metals analyzed, which were higher than the permissible limits. Magnesium contributed the highest non-cancer risk, while Cd had the highest cancer risk.
PubMed: 38873036
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.05.009 -
Chronic Diseases and Translational... Jun 2024The correlation between metals and hypertension, such as sodium, zinc, potassium, and magnesium, has been confirmed, while the relationship between aluminum and...
BACKGROUND
The correlation between metals and hypertension, such as sodium, zinc, potassium, and magnesium, has been confirmed, while the relationship between aluminum and hypertension is not very clear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between plasma aluminum and hypertension in electrolytic aluminum workers by the Bayesian networks (BN).
METHODS
In 2019, 476 male workers in an aluminum factory were investigated. The plasma aluminum concentration of workers was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The influencing factors on the prevalence of hypertension were analyzed by the BN.
RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% in 476 male workers. The risk of hypertension from plasma aluminum in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was 5.20 (1.90-14.25), 6.92 (2.51-19.08), and 7.33 (2.69-20.01), respectively, compared with that in the Q1 group. The risk of hypertension from the duration of exposure to aluminum of >10 years was 2.23 (1.09-4.57), compared without aluminum exposure. Area under the curve was 0.80 of plasma aluminum and the duration of exposure to aluminum was based on covariates, indicating that aluminum exposure had important predictive value in the prevalence of hypertension in the occupational population. The results of the study using the BN model showed that if the plasma aluminum of all participants was higher than Q4 (≥47.86 µg/L) and the participants were drinking, smoking, diabetes, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and aged >50 years, the proportion of hypertension was 71.2%.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with the increase of plasma aluminum level.
PubMed: 38872757
DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.134 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2024To establish the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of magnesium sulfate (MgSO)in women with preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the key covariates having an effect in...
OBJECTIVE
To establish the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of magnesium sulfate (MgSO)in women with preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the key covariates having an effect in magnesium pharmacokinetics in Chinese PE.
METHODS
Pregnant women with PE prescribed MgSO4 were enrolled in this prospective study from April 2021 to April 2023. On the initial day of administration, the patients were administered a loading dose of 5 g in conjunction with 10 g of magnesium sulfate as a maintenance dose. On the second day, only the maintenance dose was administration, and maternal blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 5, and 12 h after the second day's 10 g maintenance dose. The software Phoenix was used to estimate PPK parameters of MgSO4, such as clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), and to model PPK models with patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory covariates.
RESULTS
A total of 199 blood samples were collected from 51 women with PE and PPK profiles were analyzed. The PPK of MgSO is consistent with to a one-compartment model. The base model adequately described the maternal serum magnesium concentrations after magnesium administration. The population parameter estimates were as follows: CL was 2.98 L/h, V was 25.07 L. The model predictions changed significantly with covariates (BMI, creatinine clearance, and furosemide). Furosemide statistically influences V. The creatinine clearance, BMI and furosemide jointly affects CL. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that a loading dose combined with a maintenance dose would need to be administered daily to achieve the therapeutic blood magnesium concentrations. For the non-furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4. For the furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 2.5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4.
CONCLUSIONS
The magnesium PPK model was successfully developed and evaluated in Chinese preeclampsia population, and the dose optimization of MgSO was completed through Monte Carlo simulation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Magnesium Sulfate; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Adult; Prospective Studies; China; Young Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; East Asian People
PubMed: 38872116
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06620-x