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F1000Research 2022About 10 to 20% of reported pregnancies have complications like spontaneous abortion (SA), preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), and fetal growth restriction (FGR);... (Review)
Review
About 10 to 20% of reported pregnancies have complications like spontaneous abortion (SA), preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), and fetal growth restriction (FGR); 60% are attributed to maternal nutritional alterations. Multiple micronutrients (MMN) are supplemented in the antenatal period, but no proper validation/guidelines are available regarding dosing/time, the need for initiation, and the duration of supplementation. Studies have reported adverse pregnancy complications related to the overuse/unwanted use of multiple micronutrient supplementations during pregnancy. Identifying the exact population requiring supplementation is necessary to prevent its abuse. This article attempts to review the impacts of micronutrient deficiency/supplementation in cases of SA, FGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery and PE. The study used a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Scopus Databases using search words pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm delivery, preeclampsia (PE) or "adverse pregnancy" associated with minerals, micronutrients, or supplementation. The review also considered in-house literature databases, a single-window search at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) Health sciences library, MAHE (Manipal Academy of Higher Education). The figures included in the study were created by Biorender.com. Micronutrients play multiple roles during pregnancy and fetoplacental growth stimulating growth hormone secretion, Lysyl oxidase (LOX), involved in the crosslinking between collagen and elastin in the amniotic membrane, downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, Il-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and several chemokines involved in hypertension, immune-inflammatory pathways, attenuate insulin resistance, structural development of neurons and glia. Over-supplementation has led to complications such as spontaneous abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus. Since there is a lack of standardization concerning micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, there is a need for systematic study related to the role of micronutrients during each trimester of pregnancy to optimize its supplementation and to prevent hazards associated with its abuse.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; Dietary Supplements; Micronutrients; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth
PubMed: 38807919
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124960.3 -
Nutrients May 2024With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets.... (Review)
Review
With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products emerges as a promising remedy to enhance micronutrient levels in food. Utilizing agronomic biofortification, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering yields raw materials with heightened micronutrient contents and improved bioavailability. A similar strategy extends to animal-derived foods by fortifying eggs, meat, and dairy products with micronutrients. Employing "dual" biofortification, utilizing previously enriched plant materials as a micronutrient source for livestock, proves an innovative solution. Amid biofortification research, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments is essential to assess the bioactivity of micronutrients from enriched materials, emphasizing digestibility, bioavailability, and safety. Mineral deficiencies in human diets present a significant health challenge. Biofortification of plants and animal products emerges as a promising approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating further research into the utilization of biofortified raw materials in the human diet, with a focus on bioavailability, digestibility, and safety.
Topics: Biofortification; Humans; Animals; Micronutrients; Food, Fortified; Biological Availability; Animal Feed; Trace Elements; Deficiency Diseases
PubMed: 38794719
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101481 -
Nutrients May 2024Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells,...
Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells, low Mg levels promote the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which Mg deficiency promotes oxidative stress and affects endothelial behavior in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data show that low Mg levels trigger oxidative stress initially by increasing NAPDH oxidase activity and then by upregulating the pro-oxidant thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates NF-κB, leading to its increased binding to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter, with the consequent increase in iNOS expression. The increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by upregulated iNOS contribute to disrupting endothelial cell function by inhibiting growth and increasing permeability. In conclusion, we provide evidence that multiple mechanisms contribute to generate a pro-oxidant state under low-Mg conditions, ultimately affecting endothelial physiology. These data add support to the notion that adequate Mg levels play a significant role in preserving cardiovascular health and may suggest new approaches to prevent or manage cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Humans; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Magnesium Deficiency; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Nitric Oxide; Magnesium; NF-kappa B; Carrier Proteins; Endothelium, Vascular
PubMed: 38794644
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101406 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024× 'Sunny Foster' represents a yellow leaf mutant originating from × 'Foster#2', a popular ornamental woody cultivar. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying...
× 'Sunny Foster' represents a yellow leaf mutant originating from × 'Foster#2', a popular ornamental woody cultivar. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this leaf color mutation remain unclear. Using a comprehensive approach encompassing cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic methodologies, notable distinctions were discerned between the mutant specimen and its wild type. The mutant phenotype displayed aberrant chloroplast morphology, diminished chlorophyll content, heightened carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, and a decelerated rate of plant development. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. The up-regulation of and subunits leads to decreased magnesium chelatase activity, while the up-regulation of increases heme biosynthesis-both impair chlorophyll synthesis. Conversely, the down-regulation of hindered chlorophyll synthesis, and the up-regulation of enhanced chlorophyll degradation, resulting in reduced chlorophyll content. Additionally, genes linked to carotenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid metabolism, and photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. We also identified 311 putative differentially expressed transcription factors, including s and s. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color mutation in × 'Sunny Foster' and provide a substantial gene reservoir for enhancing leaf color through breeding techniques.
PubMed: 38794356
DOI: 10.3390/plants13101284 -
Biomedicines May 2024Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation crucial for over 320 enzymatic reactions related to energy metabolism, musculoskeletal function, and nucleic acid synthesis...
Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation crucial for over 320 enzymatic reactions related to energy metabolism, musculoskeletal function, and nucleic acid synthesis and plays a pivotal role in human physiology. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of dysmagnesemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and evaluate its correlations with glycemic control, medication use, and diabetic complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, including 316 patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes mellitus. Data included demographics, medical history, medications, and biochemical parameters. Serum total magnesium concentrations were measured, and dysmagnesemia was defined as magnesium ≤ 0.69 mmol/L for hypomagnesemia and ≥1.01 mmol/L for hypermagnesemia. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with diabetes was 17.1% (95% CI: 13.3-21.7%), and hypermagnesemia was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.4-7.0%). Females were significantly overrepresented in the hypomagnesemia group, while the hypermagnesemia group showed a higher prevalence of hypertension, retinopathy, an increased albumin/creatinine ratio, chronic kidney disease (CKD), elevated creatinine levels, and a lower adjusted calcium concentration. The multinominal logistic regression exhibited that the female sex and higher serum-adjusted calcium were independent risk factors of hypomagnesemia. In contrast, the presence of hypertension, higher levels of albumin/creatinine ratio, and stage 5 CKD were independent risk factors of hypermagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia was common among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, hypermagnesemia was associated with microvascular complications.
PubMed: 38791030
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051068 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Mulberry ( L.) is an important fruit tree crop that requires Mg for optimal...
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Mulberry ( L.) is an important fruit tree crop that requires Mg for optimal growth and yield, especially in acid soils. However, the molecular mechanism of Mg stress tolerance in mulberry plants remains unknown. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing technology and biochemical analysis to profile the transcriptome and physiological changes of mulberry leaves under different Mg treatments (deficiency: 0 mM, low: 1 mM, moderate low: 2 mM, sufficiency: 3 mM, toxicity: 6 mM, higher toxicity: 9 mM) as T1, T2, T3, CK, T4, T5 treatments, respectively, for 20 days. The results showed that Mg imbalance altered the antioxidant enzymatic activities, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and non-enzymatic, including soluble protein, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (PRO), contents of the plant. The Mg imbalances disrupted the ultrastructures of the vital components of chloroplast and mitochondria relative to the control. The transcriptome data reveal that 11,030 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs). Genes related to the photosynthetic processes (, , , , ) and chlorophyll degradation (, , ) were altered. Antioxidant genes such as , , and were downregulated, but was upregulated. The carbohydrate metabolism pathway was significantly altered, while those involved in energy metabolism processes were perturbed under high Mg treatment compared with control. We also identified several candidate genes associated with magnesium homeostasis via RT-qPCR validation analysis, which provided valuable information for further functional characterization studies such as promoter activity assay or gene overexpression experiments using transient expression systems.
PubMed: 38790621
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050516 -
BMC Geriatrics May 2024The older adults (OA) is vulnerable to malnutrition, which may affect their health and quality of life. This study assesses the prevalence of deficiencies in dietary...
INTRODUCTION
The older adults (OA) is vulnerable to malnutrition, which may affect their health and quality of life. This study assesses the prevalence of deficiencies in dietary nutrients among the Malaysian OA stratified by residency, genders, socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass index (BMI).
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted, utilizing purposive sampling, recruiting 2,299 Malaysian people aged 60 years old and above who agreed to be interviewed via a comprehensive semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The nutrients intake was calculated based on the Malaysian food composition and US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. Then, the nutrients intake was compared with the Malaysian Recommended Nutrients Intake guidelines, and the prevalence of deficiencies in dietary nutrients were calculated. The median (interquartile ranges) intakes of nutrients were compared between residency (urban and rural), genders (male and female), and SES (low and middle-high) using the Mann-Whitney U test. The differences in nutrient intake between BMI categories (underweight, normal, and overweight) were identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test.
RESULTS
The response rate was 70.3% (n = 2,299), predominantly were females (50.8%), received primary education (76.6%), were currently married (84.3%), were middle-high SES (57.7%), and had a normal BMI (59.8%). There was a notable inadequate intake prevalence of magnesium (100.0%), manganese (97.9%), zinc (95.6%), vitamin B (98.4%), potassium (91.0%), calcium (89.3%), vitamin B (80.2%), vitamin E (91.2%), and vitamin K (81.5%) among Malaysian OA. Additionally, significant differences were observed in nutrients intake levels across gender, residency, SES, and BMI within this population.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows a high prevalence of dietary nutrients deficiency (> 80%) among the Malaysian OA, particularly for magnesium, manganese, potassium, zinc, vitamin B, vitamin E, calcium, vitamin B, and vitamin K. To improve the nutritional status of OA and safeguard against adverse health effects, it is necessary to formulate and execute strategies to enhance their dietary nutrient intakes. The strategies may involve intervention such as nutrient supplementation and promotion of consuming nutrient-rich foods.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Malaysia; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Diet; Aged, 80 and over; Nutritional Status; Malnutrition; Nutrients
PubMed: 38769498
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05042-w -
Analytica Chimica Acta Jun 2024Calcium and magnesium ions are highly abundant and important cations in human body. At the same time, both dyscalcemia and dysmagnesemia are frequently encountered in...
BACKGROUND
Calcium and magnesium ions are highly abundant and important cations in human body. At the same time, both dyscalcemia and dysmagnesemia are frequently encountered in the clinical practice. As deficiency or excess of Ca(II) or Mg(II) can cause severe symptoms, determining these ions in serum is of great importance. Concentration of these ions in biological samples is typically assayed in clinical laboratories with the use of expensive and specialized equipment. Since those methods cannot be easily adapted for self-diagnosis purposes, there is a great need to develop a convenient tool for reliable determination of calcium and magnesium in serum at the point-of-care.
RESULTS
The colorimetric methods employed for calcium and magnesium analysis were o-cresophtalein complexone assay and xylidyl blue assay, respectively. Analytical signal acquisition was accomplished using an ordinary flatbed scanner or smartphone and free software. For increased user-friendliness the device was optimized to perform simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium ions in only 10 min. In the optimized conditions, the limit of detection for calcium ions was 0.09 mmol L, while for magnesium it was 0.04 mmol L. Determination of both ions requires only 4 μL of serum sample. The developed paper-based sensors were validated with control human serum samples and the obtained relative errors for majority of samples were below 20 %.
SIGNIFICANCE
In this paper, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium ions in human serum is reported for the first time. Additionally, this is also the first report on colorimetric determination in serum of any of these ions in paper-based format. Simultaneous detection of both ions allows for fast and user-friendly screening of disturbance in calcium and magnesium homeostasis.
Topics: Magnesium; Humans; Calcium; Paper; Colorimetry; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 38740452
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342639 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2024Depression is considered the fourth-leading cause of health problems. It is the fourth-leading cause of health problems and disability, which causes 16% of the worldwide...
BACKGROUND
Depression is considered the fourth-leading cause of health problems. It is the fourth-leading cause of health problems and disability, which causes 16% of the worldwide burden of disease and injury among adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible association of magnesium (Mg) and ferritin deficiency with depression in adolescent students.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This case control study in secondary schools at Al-Ghanayem discrete. The total number included was 358 students. All were screened for depression by the Arabic version of the Beck questionnaire. The students who had positive score was selected as cases 86 and a matched same number of students with negative score was selected as controls. Serum level of ferritin and magnesium was measured in the 2 groups.
RESULTS
There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups when comparing depression grade with each of ferritin and Mg Depressed group cases had lower mean values of ferritin and Mg. The ferritin cut-off level for the prediction of depression was (35.5 μg/dL, which had a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 75.6%. The magnesium cut-off levels for the prediction of depression were1.95 mg/dL and 104.5 ng/dL which had a sensitivity of 70% and 64%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
There was a statistically significant negative correlation between depression severity and each of socio-economic status ferritin and Mg. Each of ferritin and Mg were predictors for depression.
Topics: Humans; Ferritins; Adolescent; Female; Male; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Magnesium Deficiency; Magnesium; Students
PubMed: 38725390
DOI: 10.1177/21501319241252570 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024We aimed to evaluate the facilitation effects of an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator species bearing cluster roots, , on the seedling growth and performance of an...
We aimed to evaluate the facilitation effects of an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator species bearing cluster roots, , on the seedling growth and performance of an Al-intolerant and phosphorus (P)-deficient-sensitive plant, . For this, seedlings of and were grown alone or together as follows: i) two seedlings, ii) one + one and iii) two , in soil supplemented with Al (as Al(SO)) and in the control (without Al supplementation). We determined relative growth rate (RGR), photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, lipid peroxidation and Al and nutrient concentration [Nitrogen (N), P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and sulfur (S)] in leaves and roots of both species. The results showed that, in general, did not assist to enhance its RGR nor reduce its Al uptake. However, assisted in enhanced N acquisition and, consequently, to increase its chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate. Besides, had lower lipid peroxidation in leaves when grown in the soil with high Al supplementation in association with Our results suggest a facilitating effect of to when grown in soils with high Al concentration, by enhancing chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic rate, and decreasing the oxidative damage to lipids.
PubMed: 38721332
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1371123