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Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study aimed to compare tumor lesion detectability and diagnostic accuracy of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and radioiodine-labeled... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study aimed to compare tumor lesion detectability and diagnostic accuracy of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and radioiodine-labeled meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (mIBG) imaging techniques in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). This retrospective study included 13 patients had pheochromocytoma and 5 had paraganglioma, who were all suspected of having metastatic tumors. Each patient underwent WB-MRI and I-mIBG as a pretreatment screening for I-mIBG therapy. Two expert reviewers evaluated WB-MRI, I-mIBG images, and post-therapy I-mIBG images for the presence of metastatic lesions in the lungs, bones, liver, lymph nodes, and other organs. Diagnostic measures for detecting metastatic lesions, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC), were calculated for each imaging technique. We analyzed WB-MRI images for detecting metastatic lesions, which demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV, and AUC of 82%, 97%, 90%, 96%, 86%, and 0.92, respectively. These values were 83%, 95%, 89%, 94%, 86%, and 0.90 in I-mIBG images and 85%, 92%, 89%, 91%, 87%, and 0.91 in post-therapy I-mIBG images, respectively. Our results reveal the comparable diagnostic accuracy of WB-MRI to one of the mIBG images.
Topics: Humans; Pheochromocytoma; 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Paraganglioma; Female; Male; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Adult; Whole Body Imaging; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Iodine Radioisotopes; Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult
PubMed: 38879654
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64607-2 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Motor learning relies on experience-dependent plasticity in relevant neural circuits. In four experiments, we provide initial evidence and a double-blinded,...
Motor learning relies on experience-dependent plasticity in relevant neural circuits. In four experiments, we provide initial evidence and a double-blinded, sham-controlled replication (Experiment I-II) demonstrating that motor learning involving ballistic index finger movements is improved by preceding paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation (PCMS), a human model for exogenous induction of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Behavioral effects of PCMS targeting corticomotoneuronal (CM) synapses are order- and timing-specific and partially bidirectional (Experiment III). PCMS with a 2 ms inter-arrival interval at CM-synapses enhances learning and increases corticospinal excitability compared to control protocols. Unpaired stimulations did not increase corticospinal excitability (Experiment IV). Our findings demonstrate that non-invasively induced plasticity interacts positively with experience-dependent plasticity to promote motor learning. The effects of PCMS on motor learning approximate Hebbian learning rules, while the effects on corticospinal excitability demonstrate timing-specificity but not bidirectionality. These findings offer a mechanistic rationale to enhance motor practice effects by priming sensorimotor training with individualized PCMS.
Topics: Humans; Male; Learning; Female; Adult; Neuronal Plasticity; Young Adult; Motor Neurons; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Pyramidal Tracts; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Double-Blind Method; Motor Cortex; Fingers; Motor Skills; Synapses
PubMed: 38879614
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49478-5 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024To solve the problem of oscillation instability in permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind power connected systems during low-voltage ride through...
To solve the problem of oscillation instability in permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind power connected systems during low-voltage ride through (LVRT) process, a parameter adjustment strategy based on interaction energy path optimization is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a modular state-space model of PMSG under fault transient conditions is constructed, and the system is divided into five subsystems. Then, the dynamic energy function of subsystems reflecting the oscillation stability of the system is derived. Based on that, the dynamic energy flow path is described considering the introduction of LVRT control. On this basis, the interaction energy between LVRT control links and subsystems is analyzed, and the coupling mechanism of voltage support and damping characteristics in the LVRT process is explained. Further, aiming at the optimal change rate of the total interaction energy in the LVRT process, the adjustment strategy of LVRT control parameters is constructed to meet voltage and damping requirements. Finally, a PMSG-connected system model is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to verify the effectiveness of the adjustment strategy. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the damping level under the fault transient condition, as well as supporting system voltage.
PubMed: 38879597
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62507-z -
Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) Jun 2024Cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential model for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation...
Cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential model for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electromyography (EMG) has suggested inhibitory deficits in schizophrenia. In this meta-analysis we assessed the reliability and clinical potential of TMS-EMG paradigms in schizophrenia following the methodological recommendations of the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane Handbook. The search was conducted in three databases in November 2022. Included articles reported Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI), Intracortical Facilitation (ICF), Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (LICI) and Cortical Silent Period (CSP) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were used to assess heterogeneity. Results of 36 studies revealed a robust inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia with a significant decrease in SICI (Cohen's d: 0.62). A trend-level association was found between SICI and antipsychotic medication. Our findings support the E/I imbalance hypothesis in schizophrenia and suggest that SICI may be a potential pathophysiological characteristic of the disorder.
PubMed: 38879590
DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00476-y -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jun 2024Manganese (Mn) is widely recognized owing to its low cost, non-toxic nature, and versatile oxidation states, leading to the emergence of various Mn-based nanomaterials... (Review)
Review
Manganese (Mn) is widely recognized owing to its low cost, non-toxic nature, and versatile oxidation states, leading to the emergence of various Mn-based nanomaterials with applications across diverse fields, particularly in tumor diagnosis and therapy. Systematic reviews specifically addressing the tumor diagnosis and therapy aspects of Mn-derived biomaterials are lacking. This review comprehensively explores the physicochemical characteristics and synthesis methods of Mn-derived biomaterials, emphasizing their role in tumor diagnostics, including magnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic and photothermal imaging, ultrasound imaging, multimodal imaging, and biodetection. Moreover, the advantages of Mn-based materials in tumor treatment applications are discussed, including drug delivery, tumor microenvironment regulation, synergistic photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies, tumor immunotherapy, and imaging-guided therapy. The review concludes by providing insights into the current landscape and future directions for Mn-driven advancements in the field, serving as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians.
Topics: Humans; Manganese; Neoplasms; Biocompatible Materials; Animals; Tumor Microenvironment; Drug Delivery Systems; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nanostructures
PubMed: 38879519
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02629-8 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators.
METHOD
We retrospectively enrolled patients over 50 years of age who had been subjected to surgery for fragility OVCF at China Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. Demographic characteristics, T-score based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) value, vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and the rate of fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were collected. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched, fracture-free control group was established from patients admitted to our hospital for lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar disk herniation.
RESULTS
A total of 78 patients with lumbar fragility OVCF were included. All the five indicators were significantly correlated with the occurrence of OVCFs. Logistic regression analysis showed that average HU value and VBQ score were significantly correlated with OVCF. The area under the curve (AUC) of VBQ score was the largest (0.89). There was a significantly positive correlation between average T-score, average HU value and average total rCSA. VBQ score was significantly positive correlated with FI.
CONCLUSION
VBQ score and HU value has good value in predicting of fragility OVCF. In addition to bone mineral density, we should pay more attention to bone quality, including the fatty signal intensity in bone and the FI in paraspinal muscle.
Topics: Humans; Male; Paraspinal Muscles; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Spinal Fractures; Osteoporotic Fractures; Fractures, Compression; Case-Control Studies; Bone Density; Lumbar Vertebrae; Absorptiometry, Photon; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38879486
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07587-8 -
BMC Neurology Jun 2024The application of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in stroke patients has received increasing attention due to its neuromodulation mechanisms.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The application of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in stroke patients has received increasing attention due to its neuromodulation mechanisms. However, studies on the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS to improve balance capacity and activity of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and ADL in stroke patients.
METHOD
A systematic search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal) were conducted from their inception to October 20, 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and/or ADL in stroke patients were enrolled. The quality of included studies were assessed by Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies involving 542 participants were eligible. The pooled results from 8 studies with 357 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention Berg balance scale (BBS) score (MD = 4.24, 95%CI = 2.19 to 6.29, P < 0.00001; heterogeneity, I = 74%, P = 0.0003). The pooled results from 4 studies with 173 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention Time Up and Go (TUG) (MD=-1.51, 95%CI=-2.8 to -0.22, P = 0.02; heterogeneity, I = 0%, P = 0.41). The pooled results from 6 studies with 280 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention ADL (MD = 7.75, 95%CI = 4.33 to 11.17, P < 0.00001; heterogeneity, I = 56%, P = 0.04). The subgroup analysis showed that cerebellar TMS could improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention for both subacute and chronic stage stroke patients. Cerebellar high frequency TMS could improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention. Cerebellar TMS could still improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention despite of different cerebellar TMS sessions (less and more than 10 TMS sessions), different total cerebellar TMS pulse per week (less and more than 4500 pulse/week), and different cerebellar TMS modes (repetitive TMS and Theta Burst Stimulation). None of the studies reported severe adverse events except mild side effects in three studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Cerebellar TMS is an effective and safe technique for improving balance capacity and ADL in stroke patients. Further larger-sample, higher-quality, and longer follow-up RCTs are needed to explore the more reliable evidence of cerebellar TMS in the balance capacity and ADL, and clarify potential mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Activities of Daily Living; Postural Balance; Stroke Rehabilitation; Cerebellum; Stroke; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38879485
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03720-1 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. The treatment of GBM consists of a combination of surgery and subsequent oncological therapy,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. The treatment of GBM consists of a combination of surgery and subsequent oncological therapy, i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. If postoperative oncological therapy involves irradiation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for radiotherapy treatment planning. Unfortunately, in some cases, a very early worsening (progression) or return (recurrence) of the disease is observed several weeks after the surgery and is called rapid early progression (REP). Radiotherapy planning is currently based on MRI for target volumes definitions in many radiotherapy facilities. However, patients with REP may benefit from targeting radiotherapy with other imaging modalities. The purpose of the presented clinical trial is to evaluate the utility of C-methionine in optimizing radiotherapy for glioblastoma patients with REP.
METHODS
This study is a nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-setting, prospective, monocentric clinical trial. The main aim of this study was to refine the diagnosis in patients with GBM with REP and to optimize subsequent radiotherapy planning. Glioblastoma patients who develop REP within approximately 6 weeks after surgery will undergo C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET/CT) examinations. Target volumes for radiotherapy are defined using both standard planning T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI and PET/CT. The primary outcome is progression-free survival defined using RANO criteria and compared to a historical cohort with REP treated without PET/CT optimization of radiotherapy.
DISCUSSION
PET is one of the most modern methods of molecular imaging. C-Methionine is an example of a radiolabelled (carbon 11) amino acid commonly used in the diagnosis of brain tumors and in the evaluation of response to treatment. Optimized radiotherapy may also have the potential to cover those regions with a high risk of subsequent progression, which would not be identified using standard-of-care MRI for radiotherapy planning. This is one of the first study focused on radiotherapy optimization for subgroup of patinets with REP.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT05608395, registered on 8.11.2022 in clinicaltrials.gov; EudraCT Number: 2020-000640-64, registered on 26.5.2020 in clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Protocol ID: MOU-2020-01, version 3.2, date 18.09.2020.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Disease Progression; Glioblastoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Methionine; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prospective Studies; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38879476
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12469-2 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis of the solid tissue of adnexal masses to optimize tumor...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis of the solid tissue of adnexal masses to optimize tumor characterization and possibly refine the risk stratification of the O-RADS MRI 4 category.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The EURAD cohort was retrospectively analyzed to select all patients with an adnexal mass with solid tissue and feasible ADC measurements. Two radiologists independently measured the ADC values of solid tissue, excluding necrotic areas, surrounding structures, and magnetic susceptibility artifacts. Significant differences in diffusion quantitative parameters in the overall population and according to the morphological aspect of solid tissue were analyzed to identify its impact on ADC reliability. Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimum cutoff of the ADC for distinguishing invasive from non-invasive tumors in the O-RADS MRI score 4 population.
RESULTS
The final study population included 180 women with a mean age of 57 ± 15.5 (standard deviation) years; age range: 19-95 years) with 93 benign, 23 borderline, and 137 malignant masses. The median ADC values of solid tissue was greater in borderline masses (1.310 × 10 mm/s (Q1, Q3: 1.152, 1.560 × 10 mm/s) than in benign masses (1.035 × 10 mm/s; Q1, Q3: 0.900, 1.560 × 10 mm/s) (P= 0.002) and in benign tumors compared by comparison with invasive masses (0.850 × 10 mm/s; Q1, Q3: 0.750, 0.990 × 10 mm/s) (P < 0.001). Solid tissue corresponded to irregular septa or papillary projection in 18.6% (47/253), to a mural nodule or a mixed mass in 46.2% (117/253), and to a purely solid mass in 35.2% (89/253) of adnexal masses. In mixed masses or masses with mural nodule subgroup, invasive masses had a significantly lower ADC (0.830 × 10 mm/s (Q1, Q3: 0.738, 0.960) than borderline (1.385; Q1, Q3: 1.300, 1.930) (P= 0.0012) and benign masses (P= 0.04). An ADC cutoff of 1.08 × 10 mm/s yielded 71.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity for identifying invasive lesions in the mixed or mural nodule subgroup with an AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.99).
CONCLUSION
ADC analysis of solid tissue of adnexal masses could help distinguish invasive masses within the O-RADS MRI 4 category, especially in mixed masses or those with mural nodule.
PubMed: 38879367
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2024.05.004 -
Trends in Neuroscience and Education Jun 2024We examined age-related differences in valuation and cognitive control circuits during value-based decision-making.
AIM
We examined age-related differences in valuation and cognitive control circuits during value-based decision-making.
METHODS
13-year-olds (N = 25) and 17-year-olds (N = 22) made a metacognitive choice to be tested or not on an upcoming learning task, based on reward and difficulty associated with word-pairs. To investigate whether these determinants of subjective value are differently processed at different ages, we performed region-of-interest(ROI)-based analyses of task-related and functional connectivity data.
RESULTS
We observed age-related differences in responsiveness of valuation structures (amygdala, ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and caudate nucleus, with activity modulated by reward in 13-year-olds, while in 17-year-olds activity being responsive to difficulty. These accompanied age-related differences in functional connectivity between medial prefrontal and striatal/amygdala seeds.
DISCUSSION
These results are in line with current views that sensitivity changes for reward and difficulty during adolescence are the result of a maturational switch in effort-related signalling in the cognitive control circuit, which increasingly regulates value-signalling structures.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Reward; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Female; Choice Behavior; Brain; Learning; Decision Making; Prefrontal Cortex; Brain Mapping
PubMed: 38879195
DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2024.100223