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Environmental Health Perspectives May 2024The anticaking agent, used in a wide variety of powdered food products, interfered with immune tolerance of ovalbumin, a model antigen; and it worsened gut inflammation...
The anticaking agent, used in a wide variety of powdered food products, interfered with immune tolerance of ovalbumin, a model antigen; and it worsened gut inflammation in a mouse model of celiac disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Food Hypersensitivity; Silicon Dioxide; Ovalbumin; Food Additives; Celiac Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38814861
DOI: 10.1289/EHP14923 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Intestinal neomucosa formation is a technique defined for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. This study evaluates the effect of glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids on...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Intestinal neomucosa formation is a technique defined for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. This study evaluates the effect of glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids on the growth of intestinal neomucosa on the colonic serosal surface has been evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, control, glutamine, and omega-3. Laparotomy was performed on all groups. For rats other than the sham group, a 1-cm full-thickness incision was made 4 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, and colonic serosal surface was sutured as a serosal patch over these openings. By using the oral gavage technique, the glutamine group was ingested with 200 mg/kg/day of glutamine, and the omega-3 group was ingested with 100 mg/kg/day of omega-3 fatty acids. At the end of 14 days, the rats were euthanized, blood specimens were collected, and intestinal segments, including serosal patches, were excised.
RESULTS
Transforming growth factor-beta was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the control group. Similarly, fibroblast growth factor-2 was significantly lower in the glutamine group compared to the sham group. Intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 100% of rats in the glutamine group. In the control and omega-3 groups, intestinal neomucosa formation was observed in 57.1% and 60% of rats, respectively. The inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity were more severe in the rats of the glutamine and omega-3 groups.
CONCLUSION
The intestinal neomucosa formation is an experimental technique, and both glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to positively affect inflammatory response, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblastic activity. Specifically, glutamine has a favorable effect on intestinal neomucosa formation.
Topics: Animals; Glutamine; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Male; Rats; Colon; Short Bowel Syndrome; Serous Membrane; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 38812652
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5766 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2024Celiac disease is popular and needs a proper and constant gluten-free diet. However, data on the experience of the disease by children are insufficient. A few children...
BACKGROUND
Celiac disease is popular and needs a proper and constant gluten-free diet. However, data on the experience of the disease by children are insufficient. A few children have difficulty adjusting their lifestyles, and gluten-free foods are difficult for them. The present study aimed to find influential factors in the growth disorders and nonresponse to the treatment diet in celiac patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We gave a list of all children with celiac disease to the project manager and according to the criteria extracted additional information from their files. Duodenal biopsies on 382 patients with suspected celiac disease and 93 patients with positive pathology were included in the study, regardless of antibody and genetic titer, then analyzed their information using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULTS
The mean age of individuals was 9.48 ± 3.88, and 35 were male and 58 female. At the age of <5, there was more growth disorder than other age groups. The recovery percentage in short stature was significantly better in children with higher marches, and they responded better to the treatment regimen. Individuals with comorbidities had higher anti-tTG and lower Hb levels, higher incidence of growth disorder, did not respond to the treatment regimen. Those with a first-degree relative with celiac disease had a lower growth disorder than others.
CONCLUSION
Identifying and correcting nutritional disorders in patients with celiac disease need to evaluate persistent symptoms and identify their causes to plan appropriate treatment and follow-up of patients with celiac disease step by step and continuously.
PubMed: 38808324
DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_247_21 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2024Celiac disease is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between celiac disease and wheat sensitization.
INTRODUCTION AND AIM
Celiac disease is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between celiac disease and wheat sensitization.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In the current study, children aged < 18 years with confirmed celiac disease were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
RESULTS
Gastrointestinal problems were the most common indication for evaluation in terms of celiac disease. Prick and patch tests were positive in 43.4% and 34% respectively.
CONCLUSION
Prick test and patch test for wheat sensitization were positive in about 30-45% of the children for celiac disease.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Child; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Wheat Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests; Immunoglobulin E; Adolescent; Skin Tests; Triticum; Infant
PubMed: 38807087
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04844-6 -
Nutrients May 2024Although parenteral nutrition (PN) significantly improves mortality rates in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS), long-term PN has many possible complications and...
BACKGROUND
Although parenteral nutrition (PN) significantly improves mortality rates in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS), long-term PN has many possible complications and impacts quality of life. Bowel lengthening procedures (BLPs) increase the contact surface of food and the intestinal mucosa and enable the better absorption of nutrients and liquids, possibly leading to a PN decrease.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with short bowel syndrome who underwent BLPs in the period from January 2016 to January 2022. Overall, eight patients, four male, five born prematurely, underwent BLPs.
RESULTS
There was a significant decrease in the percentage of total caloric intake provided via PN and PN volume after the BLPs. The more evident results were seen 6 months after the procedure and at the last follow-up, which was, on average, 31 months after the procedure. Two patients were weaned off PN after their BLPs. Patients remained well nourished during the follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
The BLP led to a significant decrease in PN needs and an increase in the food intake; however, significant changes happened more than 6 months after the procedure.
Topics: Humans; Short Bowel Syndrome; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Parenteral Nutrition; Treatment Outcome; Infant; Child, Preschool; Child; Nutritional Status; Energy Intake; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38794694
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101456 -
Viruses Apr 2024Directed evolution is a pivotal strategy for new antibody discovery, which allowed the generation of high-affinity Fabs against gliadin from two antibody libraries in...
Directed evolution is a pivotal strategy for new antibody discovery, which allowed the generation of high-affinity Fabs against gliadin from two antibody libraries in our previous studies. One of the libraries was exclusively derived from celiac patients' mRNA (immune library) while the other was obtained through a protein engineering approach (semi-immune library). Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques are revolutionizing research across genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics. In the present work, an Oxford Nanopore in-lab sequencing device was used to comprehensively characterize the composition of the constructed libraries, both at the beginning and throughout the phage-mediated selection processes against gliadin. A customized analysis pipeline was used to select high-quality reads, annotate chain distribution, perform sequence analysis, and conduct statistical comparisons between the different selection rounds. Some immunological attributes of the most representative phage variants after the selection process were also determined. Sequencing results revealed the successful transfer of the celiac immune response features to the immune library and the antibodies derived from it, suggesting the crucial role of these features in guiding the selection of high-affinity recombinant Fabs against gliadin. In summary, high-throughput DNA sequencing has improved our understanding of the selection processes aimed at generating molecular binders against gliadin.
Topics: Gliadin; Humans; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Nanopore Sequencing; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Peptide Library; Celiac Disease; Cell Surface Display Techniques
PubMed: 38793567
DOI: 10.3390/v16050686 -
Journal of Clinical Immunology May 2024A large proportion of Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients has duodenal inflammation with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of unknown aetiology....
PURPOSE
A large proportion of Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients has duodenal inflammation with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of unknown aetiology. The histologic similarities to celiac disease, lead to confusion regarding treatment (gluten-free diet) of these patients. We aimed to elucidate the role of epigenetic DNA methylation in the aetiology of duodenal inflammation in CVID and differentiate it from true celiac disease.
METHODS
DNA was isolated from snap-frozen pieces of duodenal biopsies and analysed for differences in genome-wide epigenetic DNA methylation between CVID patients with increased IEL (CVID_IEL; n = 5) without IEL (CVID_N; n = 3), celiac disease (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 3).
RESULTS
The DNA methylation data of 5-methylcytosine in CpG sites separated CVID and celiac diseases from healthy controls. Differential methylation in promoters of genes were identified as potential novel mediators in CVID and celiac disease. There was limited overlap of methylation associated genes between CVID_IEL and Celiac disease. High frequency of differentially methylated CpG sites was detected in over 100 genes nearby transcription start site (TSS) in both CVID_IEL and celiac disease, compared to healthy controls. Differential methylation of genes involved in regulation of TNF/cytokine production were enriched in CVID_IEL, compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study to reveal a role of epigenetic DNA methylation in the etiology of duodenal inflammation of CVID patients, distinguishing CVID_IEL from celiac disease. We identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets within gene promotors and in high-frequency differentially methylated CpG regions proximal to TSS in both CVID_IEL and celiac disease.
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Duodenum; Celiac Disease; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Epigenesis, Genetic; CpG Islands; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes; Young Adult; Genome-Wide Association Study; 5-Methylcytosine
PubMed: 38780872
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01726-5 -
Scientific Reports May 2024As an autoimmune disease, up to 73% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have a combination of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (EHAIDs); however, the...
As an autoimmune disease, up to 73% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have a combination of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (EHAIDs); however, the causal relationship between PBC and EHAIDs is unclear. The genome-wide association analyses provided 14 GWAS data for PBC and EHAIDs, and bidirectional, two-sample MR analyses were performed to examine the relationship between PBC and EHAIDs. The analysis using MR provides a strong and meaningful estimation of the bidirectional correlation between PBC and 7 EHAIDs: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis of its types. In addition, PBC increases the risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases such as autoimmune hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease, as well as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Additionally, PBC is identified as a risk factor for Crohn's disease and Celiac disease. Based on genetic evidence, there may be connections between PBC and specific EHAIDs: not all coexisting EHAIDs induce PBC, and vice versa. This underscores the significance of prioritizing PBC in clinical practice. Additionally, if any liver function abnormalities are observed during treatment or with EHAIDs, it is crucial to consider the possibility of comorbid PBC.
Topics: Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Autoimmune Diseases; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Sjogren's Syndrome; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Celiac Disease; Graves Disease; Risk Factors; Crohn Disease; Scleroderma, Systemic; Multiple Sclerosis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Psoriasis
PubMed: 38773317
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62509-x -
Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal May 2024Vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, is rare but poses risks for children with poor diets, limited resources, or malabsorption issues. It may also be common in children with...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, is rare but poses risks for children with poor diets, limited resources, or malabsorption issues. It may also be common in children with restrictive or selective dietary habits in children with global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and physical disabilities. Symptoms include fatigue, irritability, joint and muscle pain, joint swellings, edema, swollen gums, easy bruising, and delayed wound healing. Early recognition and prompt intervention are essential to prevent the progression of symptomatic vitamin C deficiency in children.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of a 13-year-old boy with developmental delay secondary to Lennox Gastaut syndrome referred for suspected recurrent, severe, and atypical IgA vasculitis. He presented with irritability, loss of appetite, petechial and ecchymotic lower limb lesions, unilateral gum swelling, severe arthritis, peripheral oedema, severe weight loss, anaemia, and raised inflammatory markers. Multiple investigations were performed before the diagnosis of scurvy was made. A surgical finding of friable gingival tissue with multiple loose teeth, a skin biopsy with follicular hyperkeratosis and extravasated perifollicular red blood cells, and a typical X-ray finding led to the diagnosis of scurvy.
CONCLUSION
Scurvy should be given careful consideration as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with musculoskeletal issues, mucocutaneous complaints, and constitutional symptoms such as malaise, asthenia, irritability, and loss of appetite. A focused and detailed dietary history looking for a lack of good sources of vitamin C can be an easy indicator of this differential. Imaging studies revealing the typical features can also help make the diagnosis. Pathology of the skin revealing pathognomonic features can add to the certainty of the diagnosis. In the absence of all else, the rapid response to treatment with an appropriate dose of vitamin C has a diagnostic and therapeutic role.
Topics: Humans; Scurvy; Male; Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Ascorbic Acid; IgA Vasculitis
PubMed: 38760753
DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00992-2 -
PeerJ 2024An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and...
BACKGROUND
An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals.
METHODS
The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings.
RESULTS
The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects ( = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group ( = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = -0.460, = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = -0.396, = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet.
CONCLUSION
Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Interleukin-17; Male; Female; Interleukin-18; Saliva; Adult; Periodontitis; Diet, Gluten-Free; Interleukin-1beta; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Young Adult
PubMed: 38756445
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17374