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Scientific Reports Feb 2024The aim of this study was to verify whether the expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in different types of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is associated...
The aim of this study was to verify whether the expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in different types of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is associated with the location of neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical study with a sample of 32 cases of UA, 11 cases of conventional ameloblastoma (CAM) and ten dental follicles (DF) cases was performed. Cell proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 status, and apoptosis by caspase-3 expression. Mural UA (MUA) showed a higher immunostaining of Ki-67 (p < 0.05) and a lower immunostaining of Caspase-3 (p < 0.05) compared with luminal and intraluminal subtypes of UA and CAM. The neoplastic cells of the MUA's cystic capsule showed a higher expression of Ki-67 protein (p < 0.0001) and a lower expression of Caspase-3 (p < 0.0001) compared with the lumen. DF showed lower Ki-67 and Caspase-3 immunostaining (p < 0.05) than neoplasms. The higher immunoexpression of Ki-67 and the lower immunoexpression of Caspase-3 in MUA, in the parenchyma cells within the cystic capsule, suggest an association between the biological behaviour and location of neoplastic cells in a tumour.
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Ki-67 Antigen; Caspase 3; Prognosis; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38360984
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54132-7 -
Gene May 2024Ameloblastoma (AM), a common odontogenic epithelial tumor, exhibits aggressive growth due to incomplete encapsulation within the jawbone. Postoperative recurrence is a...
OBJECTIVES
Ameloblastoma (AM), a common odontogenic epithelial tumor, exhibits aggressive growth due to incomplete encapsulation within the jawbone. Postoperative recurrence is a significant concern, closely associated with its invasive nature. We investigate the role of tRNA N-7 methylguanosine (mG) modification mediated by Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) in AM's invasive growth and prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
METTL1 expression was analyzed in diverse cell lines and clinical AM tissues. Its association with postoperative AM recurrence was examined. Functional experiments included METTL1 gene silencing using shRNA in hTERT-AM cells, assessing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Xenograft tumor model was constructed to investigate tumor growth. Molecular mechanisms behind METTL1's role in AM invasiveness were elucidated using Ribosome nascent-chain complex-bound mRNA sequencing (RNC-seq) and experimental analysis.
RESULTS
High METTL1 expression was significantly associated with postoperative recurrence in AM. The inhibition of AM development following METTL1 knockdown has been corroborated by experiments conducted both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of RNC-seq data revealed that downregulated genes were predominantly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, suggesting that METTL1 may promote AM's invasive growth through the MAPK signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION
Our study elucidates the functional role of METTL1 in AM's invasive development and prognosis. High METTL1 expression is linked to postoperative recurrence, and METTL1 appears to promote AM invasiveness through the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings contribute to a better understanding of AM pathogenesis and may guide future therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Methyltransferases
PubMed: 38309318
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148234 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Mar 2024Keratoameloblastoma (KA) and solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst (SOKC) are rare odontogenic lesions, and their relationship and differences are unclear. The present...
Keratoameloblastoma (KA) and solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst (SOKC) are rare odontogenic lesions, and their relationship and differences are unclear. The present study described a case that started as an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and transformed to SOKC/KA upon recurrence. Briefly, a 26‑year‑old man presented with swelling in the right cheek and was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan). At the initial visit, unicystic bone permeation was observed extending from the right canine to the molar, maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. After the biopsy, the patient underwent excisional surgery and was diagnosed with OKC. Thereafter, the lesion recurred six times over a period of 13 years and showed different histopathological features from those of the primary lesion, all consisting of numerous cysts with keratinization, which were diagnosed as SOKC/KA. The Ki‑67 positivity rate was ~10%, which was higher than that of the primary lesion, but there was no atypia. Genetic analysis of the recurrent lesion revealed mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog. This case originated from OKC, and the morphological features of OKC and KA were mixed upon recurrence, supporting the commonality and association between the two. However, multiple mutations different from those of OKC and ameloblastoma were detected, suggesting an association of SOKC/KA with increased proliferative activity and a high recurrence rate.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Cysts; Mutation; Biopsy; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 38275130
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13168 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial tumor that has aggressive, destructive and unlimited growth potential, having the capacity for recurrence and malignant...
Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial tumor that has aggressive, destructive and unlimited growth potential, having the capacity for recurrence and malignant transformation. Regarding the symptoms and clinical signs, the presentation of ameloblastoma is poor. In children and young people, ameloblastoma can be difficult to diagnose, because it mimics other benign lesions. Its diagnosis requires a combination of imaging data, histopathological analysis and molecular tests. The methods of treatment consist of radical surgery (segmental resection) and conservative treatments (enucleation with bone curettage). The particularity of the presented case is represented by the late request for medical consultation, a direct consequence of the measures implemented to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Ameloblastoma; Mandible; Aggression; COVID-19; Conservative Treatment
PubMed: 38256328
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010066 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Craniopharyngiomas present unique challenges in surgical management due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This systematic review investigates... (Review)
Review
Craniopharyngiomas present unique challenges in surgical management due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This systematic review investigates genetic and immunological markers as potential targets for therapy in craniopharyngiomas, assessing their involvement in tumorigenesis, and their influence on prognosis and treatment strategies. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, with a thorough literature search conducted on PubMed, Ovid MED-LINE, and Ovid EMBASE. Employing MeSH terms and Boolean operators, the search focused on craniopharyngiomas, targeted or molecular therapy, and clinical outcomes or adverse events. Inclusion criteria encompassed English language studies, clinical trials (randomized or non-randomized), and investigations into adamantinomatous or papillary craniopharyngiomas. Targeted therapies, either standalone or combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, were examined if they included clinical outcomes or adverse event analysis. Primary outcomes assessed disease response through follow-up MRI scans, categorizing responses as follows: complete response (CR), near-complete response (NCR), partial response, and stable or progressive disease based on lesion regression percentages. Secondary outcomes included treatment type and duration, as well as adverse events. A total of 891 papers were initially identified, of which 26 studies spanning from 2000 to 2023 were finally included in the review. Two tables highlighted adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas, encompassing 7 and 19 studies, respectively. For adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, Interferon-2α was the predominant targeted therapy (29%), whereas dabrafenib took precedence (70%) for papillary craniopharyngiomas. Treatment durations varied, ranging from 1.7 to 28 months. Positive responses, including CR or NCR, were observed in both types of craniopharyngiomas (29% CR for adamantinomatous; 32% CR for papillary). Adverse events, such as constitutional symptoms and skin changes, were reported, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and personalized management to enhance treatment tolerability. Overall, the data highlighted a diverse landscape of targeted therapies with encouraging responses and manageable adverse events, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and individualized patient care in the exploration of treatment options for craniopharyngiomas. In the realm of targeted therapies for craniopharyngiomas, tocilizumab and dabrafenib emerged as prominent choices for adamantinomatous and papillary cases, respectively. While adverse events were common, their manageable nature underscored the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized management. Acknowledging limitations, future research should prioritize larger, well-designed clinical trials and standardized treatment protocols to enhance our understanding of the impact of targeted therapies on craniopharyngioma patients.
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Craniopharyngioma; Imidazoles; Oximes; Pituitary Neoplasms
PubMed: 38255797
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020723 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024Ameloblastoma, a common benign tumor found in the jaw bone, necessitates accurate localization and segmentation for effective diagnosis and treatment. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Ameloblastoma, a common benign tumor found in the jaw bone, necessitates accurate localization and segmentation for effective diagnosis and treatment. However, the traditional manual segmentation method is plagued with inefficiencies and drawbacks. Hence, the implementation of an AI-based automatic segmentation approach is crucial to enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment procedures.
METHODS
We collected CT images from 79 patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma and employed a deep learning neural network model for training and testing purposes. Specifically, we utilized the Mask R-CNN neural network structure and implemented image preprocessing and enhancement techniques. During the testing phase, cross-validation methods were employed for evaluation, and the experimental results were verified using an external validation set. Finally, we obtained an additional dataset comprising 200 CT images of ameloblastoma from a different dental center to evaluate the model's generalization performance.
RESULTS
During extensive testing and evaluation, our model successfully demonstrated the capability to automatically segment ameloblastoma. The DICE index achieved an impressive value of 0.874. Moreover, when the IoU threshold ranged from 0.5 to 0.95, the model's AP was 0.741. For a specific IoU threshold of 0.5, the model achieved an AP of 0.914, and for another IoU threshold of 0.75, the AP was 0.826. Our validation using external data confirms the model's strong generalization performance.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we successfully applied a neural network model based on deep learning that effectively performs automatic segmentation of ameloblastoma. The proposed method offers notable advantages in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and speed, rendering it a promising tool for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Deep Learning; Research Design; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38195496
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03587-7 -
Cureus Nov 2023Ameloblastoma is a benign yet locally aggressive tumor of the jaw bones and is most commonly found in the lower mandibular region. Histologically, it shows benign...
Ameloblastoma is a benign yet locally aggressive tumor of the jaw bones and is most commonly found in the lower mandibular region. Histologically, it shows benign characteristics. However, ameloblastoma can turn malignant to show a more aggressive clinical course. Carcinoma ex ameloblastoma is an extremely rare malignancy arising from a pre-existing long-standing ameloblastoma or a recurrence of an ameloblastoma. According to the literature search, six to seven cases have so far been documented, and the majority of the lesions had a propensity to metastasize. Here, we present a case of carcinoma ex ameloblastoma implicating a 19-year-old male patient manifesting in the mandible, which arises from pre-existing ameloblastoma.
PubMed: 38156168
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49536 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a deep learning model capable of autonomously detecting and segmenting radiolucent lesions in the lower jaw by...
: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a deep learning model capable of autonomously detecting and segmenting radiolucent lesions in the lower jaw by utilizing You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8. : This study involved the analysis of 226 lesions present in panoramic radiographs captured between 2013 and 2023 at the Clinical Hospital Dubrava and the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb. Panoramic radiographs included radiolucent lesions such as radicular cysts, ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), dentigerous cysts and residual cysts. To enhance the database, we applied techniques such as translation, scaling, rotation, horizontal flipping and mosaic effects. We have employed the deep neural network to tackle our detection and segmentation objectives. Also, to improve our model's generalization capabilities, we conducted five-fold cross-validation. The assessment of the model's performance was carried out through metrics like Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, recall and mean average precision (mAP)@50 and mAP@50-95. : In the detection task, the precision, recall, mAP@50 and mAP@50-95 scores without augmentation were recorded at 91.8%, 57.1%, 75.8% and 47.3%, while, with augmentation, were 95.2%, 94.4%, 97.5% and 68.7%, respectively. Similarly, in the segmentation task, the precision, recall, mAP@50 and mAP@50-95 values achieved without augmentation were 76%, 75.5%, 75.1% and 48.3%, respectively. Augmentation techniques led to an improvement of these scores to 100%, 94.5%, 96.6% and 72.2%. : Our study confirmed that the model developed using the advanced YOLOv8 has the remarkable capability to automatically detect and segment radiolucent lesions in the mandible. With its continual evolution and integration into various medical fields, the deep learning model holds the potential to revolutionize patient care.
Topics: Humans; Radiography, Panoramic; Mandible; Neural Networks, Computer; Odontogenic Cysts; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38138241
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122138 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Dec 2023Ameloblastomas are benign, locally aggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms. We present a patient with a rare granular cell ameloblastoma. This is a case report and...
Ameloblastomas are benign, locally aggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms. We present a patient with a rare granular cell ameloblastoma. This is a case report and literature review conducted from July 2022 to the present. Our 52-year-old male patient presented to the clinic with a several month history of right lower lateral lip swelling and dental complaints. On imaging and physical exam, we noticed a large heterogenous, multiloculated, expansile lesion of the right mandible with several floating teeth. After incisional biopsy confirmed multicystic granular cell ameloblastoma, the patient underwent successful surgical resection and osteocutaneous fibula free-flap reconstruction. At the time of writing this report, 7 years after resection, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence. The recognition and treatment of mandibular lesions can represent significant clinical challenges, especially for rarely seen subtypes such as the granular cell ameloblastoma. Special consideration must be given for the identification and treatment of these neoplasms.
PubMed: 38111489
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad666 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023Ameloblastoma (AM), the benign counterpart of ameloblastic carcinoma, is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, naturally aggressive, with unlimited growth...
BACKGROUND
Ameloblastoma (AM), the benign counterpart of ameloblastic carcinoma, is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, naturally aggressive, with unlimited growth potential and a high tendency to relapse if not adequately removed. Patients with AM treated surgically can benefit from dental implant therapy, promoting oral rehabilitation and improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the survival rate of dental implants placed after surgical treatment of patients affected by AM. In addition, there were two secondary objectives: 1) To evaluate which dental implant loading protocols are most frequently used and 2) To determine the type of prosthetic restoration most commonly used in these patients.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the study. Searches were performed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar) until November 2023. Additionally, the electronic search was enriched by an iterative hand search of journals related to oral pathology and medicine, maxillofacial surgery, and oral prosthodontics and implantology. Only reports and case series in English from January 2003 to date were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool (JBI-Case Reports/Case Series) was used for the study quality assessment.
RESULTS
The total number of patients and implants studied were 64 and 271, respectively, all with surgically treated AM. The patient's ages ranged from 8 to 79 years, with a mean (SD) age of 37.3 ± 16.4. Fifty-three percent were male and 47% were female. The range of follow-up duration was 1 to 22 years. An implant survival/success rate of 98.1% was reported. In addition, most of them were conventionally loaded (38.3%). Hybrid implant-supported fixed dentures were the most commonly used by prosthodontists (53%).
CONCLUSIONS
Oral rehabilitation with dental implants inserted in free flaps for orofacial reconstruction in surgically treated patients with AM can be considered a safe and successful treatment modality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Ameloblastoma; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dental Restoration Failure; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Odontogenic Tumors; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38110933
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03765-7