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Clinical Case Reports Jun 2024The primary cause of complex AOB malocclusion is typically a combination of dental, skeletal, functional, and habitual factors. Open bite correction is a challenging...
The primary cause of complex AOB malocclusion is typically a combination of dental, skeletal, functional, and habitual factors. Open bite correction is a challenging treatment due to its complexity and the requirement for long-term stability, therefore, multidisciplinary treatment is often the best option for achieving stable esthetic outcomes.
PubMed: 38855087
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9023 -
Bioinformation 2024The differences in the effects of orthodontic treatment on airway and craniocervical posture in patients with OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) having skeletal class II...
The differences in the effects of orthodontic treatment on airway and craniocervical posture in patients with OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) having skeletal class II high-angle malocclusion is of interest. Hence, 48 individuals with OSA and skeletal class II high-angle malocclusion were chosen from among all patients in need of orthodontic therapy. Every patients had CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) taken both before and after receiving orthodontic therapy. All parameters were assessed on the lateral cephalogram from CBCT in order to assess the indices of craniocervical posture, hyoid position, skeletal and dental conditions. Parameters of upper airway (position of hyoid) showed statistically significant increase in values after orthodontic treatments. Thus, there was increase in values of dimensions of upper airway, post orthodontic treatment. Hence, orthodontic therapy help improve the upper airway morphology and craniocervical posture in patients of OSA with hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion.
PubMed: 38854772
DOI: 10.6026/973206300200349 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Non-metric dental traits (NMDTs) are a fundamental data source in forensic dentistry. Nevertheless, the insufficiency of data regarding the occurrence of...
Introduction Non-metric dental traits (NMDTs) are a fundamental data source in forensic dentistry. Nevertheless, the insufficiency of data regarding the occurrence of these traits has instigated the present research endeavor aimed at ascertaining the prevalence, sexual dimorphism, and extent of inter-trait correlations within the Maharashtrian population of India. The secondary objective was to determine the correlations between NMDTs, dentoskeletal malocclusion, and ABO blood groups. Materials and methods This prospective, observational study included 528 individuals aged 18-30 years with dentoskeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. NMDTs such as the presence of Cusp of Carabelli (CoC) on the upper first molars, hypocone on the upper second molars, and tri- or bicuspid lower second premolars were observed on the dental casts of all individuals. The dental relationship was assessed clinically according to Angle's system for the classification of malocclusion. The skeletal relationship was assessed using lateral cephalograms of the individuals. ABO blood groups were obtained from their medical records. The Chi-square test of independence was used to assess the associations between various variables. The correlation between each measurement was determined using Spearman's correlation test. Multivariate analysis enabled the identification of parameters that exhibited independent associations with NMDTs. A multinomial logistic regression model was constructed using NMDTs as the outcome variable. Results The mean age of males was 20.82 ± 1.71 years and 21.15 ± 1.76 years was in females. NMDTs were predominantly seen in females (n=394, 75%), with Class II dentoskeletal malocclusion (n=265, 50%) and B blood group ((n=199, 38%). All traits showed bilateral predominance. A statistically significant association was found between CoC, dentoskeletal malocclusion, hypocone, and tricuspid lower second premolars (p <0.05). All NMDTs showed a negative correlation with sex, a positive correlation between age and the presence of hypocones and CoC, a negative correlation between age and tricuspid lower second premolars, a strong positive correlation with dentoskeletal malocclusion, and a weak positive correlation with ABO blood groups. Multinomial logistic regression model analysis revealed that none of the independent variables were statistically significant predictors of the presence of CoC and tricuspid lower second premolars, while dentoskeletal malocclusion and sex were significant predictors of the presence of the hypocone trait. Conclusion NMDTs showed a female predilection with bilateral predominance. A significant association was observed between these traits and dentoskeletal malocclusions. The most commonly observed NMDT was the presence of a hypocone on the upper second molars, followed by the tricuspid lower second premolars and the CoC.
PubMed: 38854309
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59853 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Jun 2024This retrospective study aimed to evaluate sequential changes in soft tissue thickness after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in skeletal class III...
PURPOSE
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate sequential changes in soft tissue thickness after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in skeletal class III patients with facial asymmetry and to explore their correlation with surgical movements for optimal postoperative facial symmetry and esthetic outcomes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study included 37 patients with class III malocclusion and > 4 mm Menton (Me) deviation who underwent BSSRO. Posteroanterior cephalograms were captured at preoperative (T0), 6 weeks (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) postoperative intervals to analyze changes in Me deviation, fronto-ramal inclination (FRI), and soft tissue thickness. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the changes in soft tissue thickness over time and the effects of surgical correction.
RESULTS
Significant improvements in facial asymmetry were noted after surgery, with reductions in Me deviation and FRI on both the deviated side (DS) and non-deviated side (NDS). An increase in soft tissue thickness was observed on both the DS and NDS after surgery, with the NDS showing a continued increase between 6 months and 1 year, indicating an ongoing compensation for symmetry restoration. The study also identified a positive correlation between the surgical movement of the FRI and the increase in soft tissue width on the NDS after 6 months.
CONCLUSION
This study established that soft tissue thickness continues to adapt and change up to 1 year after BSSRO, underscoring the need for a long-term evaluative approach in orthognathic surgery for patients with facial asymmetry.
PubMed: 38852620
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101941 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.
METHODS
A stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically.
RESULTS
The study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Malocclusion; Child; Prevalence; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Arabs; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Diastema; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Middle East; Open Bite; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic; Anodontia; Sex Factors; Adolescent
PubMed: 38849789
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04432-1 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate who receive corrective surgery regularly have abnormal growth in the midface region such that they exhibit premaxillary...
BACKGROUND
Individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate who receive corrective surgery regularly have abnormal growth in the midface region such that they exhibit premaxillary hypoplasia. However, there are also genetic contributions to craniofacial morphology in the midface region, so although these individuals appear to have Class III skeletal discrepancy, their molar relationship may be Class I. Past genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on skeletal Class II and III malocclusion suggested that multiple genetic markers contribute to these phenotypes via a multifactorial inheritance model, but research has yet to examine the genetic markers associated with dental Class I malocclusion. Thus, our goal was to conduct a family based GWAS to identify genes across the genome that are associated with Class I malocclusion, as defined by molar relations, in humans with and without clefts.
METHODS
Our cohort consisted of 739 individuals from 47 Filipino families originally recruited in 2006 to investigate the genetic basis of orofacial clefts. All individuals supplied blood samples for DNA extraction and genotyping, and a 5,766 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) custom panel was used for the analyses. We performed a transmission disequilibrium test for participants with and without clefts to identify genetic contributors potentially involved with Class I malocclusion.
RESULTS
In the total cohort, 13 SNPs had associations that reached the genomic control threshold (p < 0.005), while five SNPs were associated with Class I in the cohort of participants without clefts, including four associations that were identified in the total cohort. The associations for the SNPs ABCA4 rs952499, SOX1-OT rs726455, and RORA rs877228 are of particular interest, as past research found associations between these genes and various craniofacial phenotypes, including cleft lip and/or palate.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the multifactorial inheritance model for dental Class I malocclusion and suggest a common genetic basis for different aspects of craniofacial development.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Genome-Wide Association Study; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Female; Male; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Cohort Studies; Linkage Disequilibrium; Child; Genotype; Adolescent; Genetic Markers; Adult; Phenotype; Multifactorial Inheritance; Young Adult
PubMed: 38849772
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04444-x -
Folia Morphologica Jun 2024This study aimed to determine maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in different skeletal malocclusion classes and the correlation between MSV and craniofacial morphology on Cone...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to determine maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in different skeletal malocclusion classes and the correlation between MSV and craniofacial morphology on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed retrospectively on CBCT images of individuals aged 12-24 years. A total of 129 patients (70 females, 59 males) with a normal vertical growth pattern (27° ≤ SNGoMe ≤ 38°) were divided into three groups according to malocclusion. Group 1 consisted of Class I (1 ≤ ANB ≤ 4) (n = 46) patients, Group 2 consisted of Class II (ANB > 4) (n = 47) patients, and Group 3 consisted of Class III (ANB < 1) (n = 36) patients. Four angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SNGoMe) and linear (S-N, ANS-PNS, S-Ar, N-ANS) parameters were measured to evaluate craniofacial morphology. Right and left MSV were measured using Dolphin 11.0 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA) Imaging software. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess statistical correlation.
RESULTS
MSV was larger in males than females (male AMSV = 14244.1 ± 4735.8, female AMSV = 12778.2 ± 4606.9 p = 0.011) in the general population, but just the Class II group showed this (male AMSV = 16089.6 ± 4330.4, female AMSV= 12705.9 ± 3210.2, p = 0.008). RMSV and LMSV were similar (female p = 0.181 male p = 0.097), and MSV showed no significant differences between the different malocclusion classes in both sex (female p = 0.315, male p = 0.118). In the Class III group, SNB was positively correlated with RMSV (r = 416, p = 0.012). MSV showed significant positive correlation with N-ANS in all groups (Class I r = 0.359, p = 0.014, Class II r = 0.336, p = 0.021, Cl III r = 0.387, p = 0.02). In the Class II and Cl III groups, there is a statistically significant correlation between MSV and the S-N parameter (Class II r = 0.304, p = 0.038, Class III r = 0.412, p = 0.013). ANS-PNS parameter was measured at the lowest statistically significant level (female 43.1 ± 3.9a, p < 0.001, male 43.1 ± 4.3a, p < 0.001) in the Class III group but no correlation was found with MSV. Only Class II group showed a weak positive correlation between MSV and ANS-PNS (r = 0.314, p = 0.032).
CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference regarding MSV between malocclusion classes. Class II males exhibit significantly larger MSV compared to females. There is a correlation between MSV and SNB, S-N, N-ANS and ANS-PNS parameters for various orthodontic skeletal patterns. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between MSV and different skeletal structures.
PubMed: 38842076
DOI: 10.5603/fm.100054 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This manuscript investigates the prevalence, classification, accompanying findings, and treatment modalities associated with infraoccluded primary molars. The aim of...
BACKGROUND
This manuscript investigates the prevalence, classification, accompanying findings, and treatment modalities associated with infraoccluded primary molars. The aim of this study categorizing primary molars based on the severity of infraocclusion and assessing their respective treatment interventions across different severity groups.
METHODS
The classification, treatment types, accompanying findings, and the condition of succeeding premolars of infraoccluded molars were documented. Chi-square tests, including Fisher's Exact Chi-square test, Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Chi-square test, and One Sample Chi-square test, were conducted. The predetermined significance level was less than 0.05.
RESULTS
The study population consisted of 3132 subjects aged 3 to 15 years, with a prevalence of 4.3% for infraocclusion. Infraocclusion typically manifests between 6 and 9 years of age and predominantly affects mandibular primary molars. Treatment interventions varied based on infraocclusion severity, with more invasive procedures required for severe cases. Accompanying findings associated with infraocclusion include adjacent teeth tipping, significant deviation in midline shifts towards the affected side and increased caries. Additionally, succeeding premolar agenesis was observed in 2% of infraoccluded molars, with extraction rates higher in cases where the successor tooth was mesially or distally located.
CONCLUSIONS
The study offers novel insights to dental practitioners concerning the severity and distribution of treatment interventions for infraocclusion. It suggests that more severe cases may necessitate more invasive procedures, with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes through timely intervention and personalized therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Child; Molar; Adolescent; Female; Male; Prevalence; Child, Preschool; Tooth, Deciduous; Malocclusion; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 38840099
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04428-x -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2024This report describes a patient with Vertical Maxillary Excess without open bite in whom surgical orthodontic treatment to reduce lower facial height remarkably improved...
This report describes a patient with Vertical Maxillary Excess without open bite in whom surgical orthodontic treatment to reduce lower facial height remarkably improved function and facial esthetics. The patient was a 22-year-old male whose main concern was crowding and temporomandibular joint clicking sounds. The clinical and radiological findings led to the diagnosis of Vertical Maxillary Excess with a mild skeletal class II malocclusion. The proposed treatment plan comprised a bimaxillary surgery without premolar extractions. LeFort I osteotomy was planned to reposition the maxilla superiorly by 7-8 mm. This surgery was combined with a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular anterior derotation to adjust the mandible to the occlusal and anteroposterior change. Postoperatively, the mandibular plane angle (GoGn-SN) was decreased by 4° and skeletal class I was achieved (ANB, 4°). In addition, lip incompetence was corrected and the excessive gingiva exposure upon smiling was significantly improved. The patient was satisfied with the treatment result and reported the temporomandibular joint clicking sounds disappearing after surgery.
PubMed: 38835425
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X241256805