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Scientific Reports Jun 2024Fever and diarrhea are key causes of malnutrition, growth and development disorders, and death among children. At present, most studies on the associated factors of...
Fever and diarrhea are key causes of malnutrition, growth and development disorders, and death among children. At present, most studies on the associated factors of fever and diarrhea in children are concentrated in African and South Asian countries, but relevant research in China is very limited. This study was aimed to analyze the two-week prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Hunan Province and to explore the associated factors. The survey data of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas (NIPCPA) from 2016 to 2023 was used here. NIPCPA is a cross-sectional survey completed annually in Hunan to collect children's nutrition and health indicators. The two-week prevalence rates of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months were 12.2% (2066/16,985), 9.6% (1634/16,985), and 3.2% (542/16,985), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risks of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea were higher among younger children. The high educational level of caregivers, effective consumption of Yingyangbao (a complementary food supplement containing iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients), and complementary feeding meeting minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against fever in children, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78-0.98), 0.78 (0.69-0.87), 0.73 (0.65-0.82), and 0.74 (0.66-0.84), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against diarrhea in children, with aORs of 0.72 (95%CI: 0.63-0.83), 0.79 (0.70-0.91), and 0.80 (0.70-0.92), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against coexisting fever and diarrhea among children, with aORs of 0.53 (95%CI: 0.43-0.66), 0.71 (0.58-0.89), and 0.70 (0.56-0.88), respectively. Fever, diarrhea, and the coexisting fever and diarrhea affect one in eight, one in ten, and one in thirty children respectively in rural areas of Hunan. Effective interventions should be actively taken, such as improving the education level of caregivers, enhancing their scientific feeding skills for children, and promoting children's compliance with Yingyangbao consumption, to further reduce the prevalence of fever and diarrhea in children.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Male; Female; Fever; China; Prevalence; Diarrhea; Rural Population; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38879665
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64967-9 -
Cell Death Discovery Jun 2024As the mean age of first-time mothers increases in the industrialized world, inquiries into causes of human reproductive senescence have followed. Rates of ovulatory...
As the mean age of first-time mothers increases in the industrialized world, inquiries into causes of human reproductive senescence have followed. Rates of ovulatory dysfunction and oocyte aneuploidy parallel chronological age, but poor reproductive outcomes in women older than 35 years are also attributed to endometrial senescence. The current studies, using primary human endometrial stromal cell (ESC) cultures as an in vitro model for endometrial aging, characterize the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β-mediated and passage number-dependent effects on ESC phenotype. ESC senescence was accelerated by incubation with IL-1β, which was monitored by RNA sequencing, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Senescence associated secreted phenotype (SASP) proteins, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MMP3, CCL2, CCL5, and other senescence-associated biomarkers of DNA damage (p16, p21, HMGB1, phospho-γ-histone 2 A.X) were noted to increase directly in response to 0.1 nM IL-1β stimulation. Production of the corresponding SASP proteins increased further following extended cell passage. Using enzyme inhibitors and siRNA interference, these effects of IL-1β were found to be mediated via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Hormone-induced ESC decidualization, classical morphological and biochemical endocrine responses to estradiol, progesterone and cAMP stimulation (prolactin, IGFBP-1, IL-11 and VEGF), were attenuated pari passu with prolonged ESC passaging. The kinetics of differentiation responses varied in a biomarker-specific manner, with IGFBP-1 and VEGF secretion showing the largest and smallest reductions, with respect to cell passage number. ESC hormone responsiveness was most robust when limited to the first six cell passages. Hence, investigation of ESC cultures as a decidualization model should respect this limitation of cell aging. The results support the hypotheses that "inflammaging" contributes to endometrial senescence, disruption of decidualization and impairment of fecundity. IL-1β and the JNK signaling pathway are pathogenetic targets amenable to pharmacological correction or mitigation with the potential to reduce endometrial stromal senescence and enhance uterine receptivity.
PubMed: 38879630
DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02048-6 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jun 2024Interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors could be related to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Brazilian population results from...
Interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors could be related to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Brazilian population results from different historical miscegenation events, resulting in a highly diverse genetic pool. This study aimed to analyze the mtDNA of patients with T1D and to investigate whether there is a relationship between maternal ancestry, self-reported color and the presence of T1D. The mtDNA control region of 204 patients with T1D residing in three geographic regions of Brazil was sequenced following the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations. We obtained a frequency of Native American matrilineal origin (43.6%), African origin (38.2%), and European origin (18.1%). For self-declared color, 42.6% of the patients with diabetes reported that they were White, 50.9% were Brown, and 5.4% were Black. Finally, when we compared the self-declaration data with maternal ancestral origin, we found that for the self-declared White group, there was a greater percentage of haplogroups of Native American origin (50.6%); for the self-declared Black group, there was a greater percentage of African haplogroups (90.9%); and for the Brown group, there was a similar percentage of Native American and African haplogroups (42.3% and 45.2%, respectively). The Brazilian population with diabetic has a maternal heritage of more than 80% Native American and African origin, corroborating the country's colonization history.
PubMed: 38879575
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01342-8 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jun 2024Ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like (Ub/UBL)-related genes have been reported to be associated with the survival of osteosarcoma patients but have not yet been systematically...
BACKGROUND
Ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like (Ub/UBL)-related genes have been reported to be associated with the survival of osteosarcoma patients but have not yet been systematically explored.
METHODS
The prognostic value of Ub/UBL-related genes, immune cell infiltration and clinicopathological features of patients were explored by Cox and LASSO regression analyses. A prognostic model was established and then validated in the GSE21257 dataset. The differential expression of hub genes in osteosarcoma was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Tripartite Motif Containing 8 (TRIM8) and Ubiquitin Like With PHD And Ring Finger Domains 2 (UHRF2) were screened as genes with prognostic value in osteosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis and scatter plots indicated that patients in the high gene significance score group tended to have a worse prognosis. The concordance index, calibration analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the model had good prediction accuracy and high sensitivity and specificity. Decision curve analysis revealed that patients could obtain greater net benefit from this model. Functional analyses of the differentially expressed genes indicated that they were involved in important functions and pathways. TRIM8 and UHRF2 were confirmed to be highly expressed in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
TRIM8 and UHRF2 are potential prognostic genes in osteosarcoma, and these results provide insights into the roles of these genes and their implications for patient outcomes.
Topics: Osteosarcoma; Humans; Prognosis; Bone Neoplasms; Male; Female; Biomarkers, Tumor; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitin
PubMed: 38879525
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04781-1 -
BMC Medical Genomics Jun 2024Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP; OMIM #135100) is an ultrarare genetic disorder characterised by congenital bilateral hallux valgus (CBHV), intermittent soft...
BACKGROUND
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP; OMIM #135100) is an ultrarare genetic disorder characterised by congenital bilateral hallux valgus (CBHV), intermittent soft tissue swellings and progressive heterotopic ossification. We report a three-month-old girl with great toe abnormalities similar to FOP, in whom comprehensive clinical workup and genetic investigations illustrates an alternative diagnosis.
CASE PRESENTATION
A three-month-old girl presented with CBHV. The antenatal period was unremarkable, she was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery with an uneventful subsequent course, except for maternal concern of her bent toes which received reassurance from several health professionals. Her mother's persisting concerns were explored via the internet and social media leading her to request referral to an expert bone centre for consideration of FOP. On examination, she was thriving, there was no dysmorphism, subcutaneous lumps, skeletal or extra-skeletal deformity except for shortened great toes with lateral deviation of the proximal and distal phalanges. FOP was a feasible diagnosis, for which CBHV is highlighted as an early sign. A cautionary potential diagnosis of FOP was counselled, including advice to defer intramuscular immunisations until genetic results available. Genetic investigation was undertaken through rapid whole genomic sequencing (WGS), with analysis of data from a skeletal dysplasia gene panel, which demonstrated no ACVR1variants. The only finding was a heterozygous variant of unknown significance in BMPR1B (c1460T>A, p.(Val487Asp)), which encodes a bone morphogenic receptor involved in brachydactyly syndromes A1, A2 and D and acromesomelic dysplasia 3 (only the latter being an autosomal recessive condition).
CONCLUSION
This report highlights that CBHV serves as a vital diagnostic indicator of FOP and affected infants should be considered and investigated for FOP, including precautionary management whilst awaiting genetic studies. The second educational aspect is that CBHV may not represent a generalised skeletal disorder, or one much less significant than FOP. Receptor-ligand BMP and Activins mediated interactions are instrumental in the intricate embryology of the great toe. Recognition of non-FOP conditions caused by alterations in different genes are likely to increase with new genomic technology and large gene panels, enhancing understanding of bone signaling pathways.
Topics: Humans; Myositis Ossificans; Female; Hallux Valgus; Infant; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I
PubMed: 38879467
DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01931-6 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jun 2024Advanced atrioventricular block (AVB), that is, higher than second-degree Mobitz-1, is an abnormal finding in athletes. Despite intensive investigation, in several cases...
BACKGROUND
Advanced atrioventricular block (AVB), that is, higher than second-degree Mobitz-1, is an abnormal finding in athletes. Despite intensive investigation, in several cases the pathogenesis remains unknown, but frequently pacemaker implantation is still indicated. Increasing evidence points to circulating anti-Ro/Sjögren syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) antibodies cross-reacting with L-type calcium channel and inhibiting the related current as an epidemiologically relevant and potentially reversible cause of isolated AVB in adults. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA-associated advanced AVBs in a large sample of young athletes.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 2536 consecutive athletes aged <40 years without a history of cardiac diseases/interventions were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Resting and exercise electrocardiography was performed, and those presenting any AVB were further evaluated by 24-hour Holter ECG. Athletes with second-degree AVBs and their mothers underwent anti-Ro/SSA testing. Moreover, purified immunoglobulin G from subjects with anti-Ro/SSA-positive and anti-Ro/SSA-negative advanced AVB were tested on L-type calcium current and L-type-calcium channel expression using tSA201 cells. The global prevalence of advanced AVB in the overall sample was ≈0.1%, but the risk considerably increased (2%) when intensely trained postpubertal male subjects were selectively considered. While none of the athletes with advanced AVB showed heart abnormalities, in 100% of cases anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were detected. Ex vivo experiments showed that immunoglobulin G from anti-Ro/SSA-positive but not -negative subjects with advanced AVB acutely inhibit L-type calcium current and chronically downregulate L-type-calcium channel expression.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides evidence that advanced AVB occurs in young athletes, in most cases associated with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies blocking L-type calcium channels. These findings may open new avenues for immunomodulating therapies to reduce the risk of life-threatening events in athletes, avoiding or delaying pacemaker implantation.
PubMed: 38879447
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.124.034893 -
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Jun 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the main risk factors for infants in the development of food allergy. Oral immunotherapy therapy (OIT) in early childhood has been... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the main risk factors for infants in the development of food allergy. Oral immunotherapy therapy (OIT) in early childhood has been demonstrated to be highly effective and safe in preschoolers with and without AD, especially in young infants. Delays in initiation of OIT in infants and children due to uncontrolled AD risks expansion of the number of foods children develop allergy to via unnecessary avoidance of multiple foods. Parents and caregivers may attribute eczema flares to OIT doses, which physicians usually ascribe to non-food triggers such as weather changes, psychological stress, and infection. There is a lack of published literature confirming OIT as a trigger of AD flares, and the degree to which OIT may be associated with AD flares needs to be further studied. We describe eight case scenarios with varying degrees of AD flare before and during OIT. We propose management algorithms for children with pre-existing concurrent AD and food allergy who are being considered for starting OIT, and children with AD flares during OIT. Optimizing AD control strategies and providing adequate AD care education prior to starting OIT can reduce confusion for both parents and allergists if rashes arise during OIT, thus improving adherence to OIT.
PubMed: 38879162
DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.05.022 -
The American Journal of Pathology Jun 2024Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase...
Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) contributes to pregnancy maintenance by inactivating prostaglandins. The role of decidual cells in regulating HPGD expression at the maternal-fetal interface was investigated. HPGD immunostaining was primarily detected in anchoring villi and choriodecidual extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) of first, second and third trimester. Chorionic EVTs adjacent to decidua parietalis exhibited significantly higher HPDG levels than those adjacent to amnion. HPGD HSCORE levels were significantly lower in choriodecidua from chorioamnionitis vs. gestational age-matched controls (Mean±SEM; 132.6±3.8 vs. 31.2±7.9; P<0.05). Conditioned media supernatant (CMS) from in vitro decidualized term decidual cells (TDCs) upregulated HPGD levels in EVTs differentiated from human trophoblastic stem cells, primary trophoblasts and HTR8/SV cells. However, CMS from 5 μg/mL LPS or 10 ng/mL IL-1β pretreated TDC cultures downregulated HPGD levels in HTR8/SV cultures. Similarly, direct treatment of HTR8/SV cultures with LPS or IL-1β significantly reduced HPGD levels vs. control (0.57±0.1 or 0.47±0.1, vs. 1.03±0.03; P<0.05) but not in TDC-CMS pretreated HTR8/SV cultures. Collectively, the results uncover a novel decidual cell-mediated paracrine mechanism which stimulates levels of trophoblastic HPGD, whose function is to inactivate labor-inducing prostaglandins, thereby promoting uterine quiescence during pregnancy. However, infectious/inflammatory stimuli in decidual cells cause a paracrine inhibition of trophoblastic HPGD expression, increasing PGE/F levels, thereby contributing to preterm birth.
PubMed: 38879084
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.005 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2024To determine the efficacy and safety of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines in infants and older adults.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy and safety of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines in infants and older adults.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials that evaluated the efficacy of maternal RSV immunization against infections in infants, as well as the efficacy of RSV vaccines in older adults. The primary outcome was the vaccine efficacy against RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). GRADE criteria was used to evaluate the level of evidence.
RESULTS
Ten trials were included in the review. For maternal vaccination, the RSV vaccine showed favourable efficacy against RSV-related LRTD (vaccine efficacy 57.3%, 95% CI 31.3 to 73.5; low certainty) and RSV-related severe LRTD (vaccine efficacy 81.9%, 95% CI 56.8 to 92.4; moderate certainty) in infants within 90 days after birth. For older adults, Meta-analysis showed that RSV vaccines could also reduce the risk of RSV-related LRTD (vaccine efficacy 78.3%, 95% CI 65.6 to 86.3; moderate certainty) and RSV-related severe LRTD (vaccine efficacy 86.5%, 95% CI 68.3 to 94.3; moderate certainty). There was no significant difference in serious adverse events between RSV vaccines and placebo.
CONCLUSION
RSV vaccines have the potential to offer protection against RSV disease in both infants and older adults, without apparent safety concerns.
PubMed: 38878994
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107118 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Jun 2024To study the association between the blastulation rate, the presence of 1 pro nucleus (1PN) zygotes, and the ploidy of the cohort of blastocysts.
PURPOSE
To study the association between the blastulation rate, the presence of 1 pro nucleus (1PN) zygotes, and the ploidy of the cohort of blastocysts.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study using the existing databases of two university fertility centers in Canada. We included 345 cycles from 235 couples who underwent next generation sequencing PGT-A in the study.
RESULTS
A total of 1456 blastocysts were biopsied. In multivariate analysis, only female age and the number of 1PN/2PN embryos showed a negative association with euploid ratio. Surprisingly, when the analysis was limited to cycles with no delayed blastulation, the blastulation rate was also negatively associated with the euploid ratio.
CONCLUSION
This study sheds some light on the stages of early embryo development. Further study on the mechanisms governing embryo development and the different cell cycle checkpoints in embryo development is warranted.
PubMed: 38878821
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102586