-
PloS One 2024The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of various doses of microencapsulated lemongrass and mangosteen peel (MELM) on gas dynamics, rumen...
Microencapsulation of lemongrass and mangosteen peel as phytogenic compounds to gas kinetics, fermentation, degradability, methane production, and microbial population using in vitro gas technique.
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of various doses of microencapsulated lemongrass and mangosteen peel (MELM) on gas dynamics, rumen fermentation, degradability, methane production, and microbial population in in vitro gas experiments. With five levels of microencapsulated-phytonutrient supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of substrate, 0.5 g of roughage, and a concentrate ratio of 60:40, the trial was set up as a completely randomized design. Under investigation, the amount of final asymptotic gas volume was corresponding responded to completely digested substrate (b) increased cubically as a result of the addition of MELM (P < 0.01) and a cubic rise in cumulative gas output. The amount of MELM form did not change the pH and NH3-N concentration of the rumen after 12 and 24 h of incubation. However, methane production during 24 h of incubation, the levels were cubically decreased with further doses of MELM (P < 0.01) at 12 h of incubation. Increasing the dosage of MELM supplementation at 2% DM resulted in a significant increase in the digestibility of in vitro neutral detergent fiber (IVNDF) and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) at various incubation times (P < 0.05), but decreased above 3% DM supplementations. Moreover, the concentration of propionic acid (C3) exhibited the variations across the different levels of MELM (P < 0.05), with the maximum concentration obtained at 2% DM. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Megasphaera elsdenii revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05), while the quantity of Methanobacteriales decreased linearly with increasing doses of MELM. In conclusion, the inclusion of MELM at a concentration of 2% DM in the substrate which could enhance cumulative gas production, NDF and true digestibility, C3 production, and microbial population, while reducing methane concentration and Methanobacterial abundance.
Topics: Methane; Fermentation; Animals; Rumen; Garcinia mangostana; Digestion; Animal Feed; Kinetics; Gases; Drug Compounding; Phytochemicals; Cattle
PubMed: 38837999
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304282 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and its effects on offspring development is crucial. However, research on the association...
INTRODUCTION
Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and its effects on offspring development is crucial. However, research on the association between maternal PPD, gut microbiota, and offspring neurodevelopment remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association of maternal PPD symptoms with early gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and neurodevelopment in infants at 6 months.
METHODS
Maternal PPD symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 42 days postpartum. Infants stool samples collected at 42 days after birth were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Infant neurodevelopment was measured at 6 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Correlations between gut microbiota, metabolites and neurodevelopment were identified through co-occurrence network analysis. Finally, mediation analyses were conducted to determine potential causal pathways.
RESULTS
A total of 101 mother-infant dyads were included in the final analysis. Infants born to mothers with PPD symptoms at 42 days postpartum had lower neurodevelopmental scores at 6 months. These infants also had increased alpha diversity of gut microbiota and were abundant in and , while depleted abundance of , , and Furthermore, alterations were observed in metabolite levels linked to the Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway, primarily characterized by decreases in N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid, L-Aspartic acid, and L-Asparagine. Co-occurrence network and mediation analyses revealed that N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-Aspartic acid levels mediated the relationship between maternal PPD symptoms and the development of infant problem-solving skills.
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal PPD symptoms are associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in infants. This study provides new insights into potential early intervention for infants whose mother experienced PPD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.
PubMed: 38835546
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385229 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024HIV-infected persons demonstrate notable disturbances in their intestinal microbiota; however, the impact of intestinal microbiota on HIV susceptibility in men who have...
BACKGROUND
HIV-infected persons demonstrate notable disturbances in their intestinal microbiota; however, the impact of intestinal microbiota on HIV susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on their gut microbiota, remains under active study. Thus, our research focuses on clarifying the distinctions in intestinal microbiota composition among uninfected MSM and non-MSM healthy controls, investigating the alterations in early-stage intestinal microbial communities following HIV infection, and assessing how ART affects the intestinal microbiota.
METHODS
This study enrolled four participant groups: uninfected MSM, Recent HIV-1 infection (RHI) MSM, MSM on ART, and non-MSM healthy controls, with 30 individuals in each group. We utilized 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing to analyze fecal microbiota and employed Luminex multiplex assays to measure plasma markers for microbial translocation (LBP, sCD14) and the inflammatory marker CRP.
FINDINGS
Comparing uninfected MSM to non-MSM healthy controls, no substantial variances were observed in α and β diversity. Uninfected MSM had higher average relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella, while Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Faecalibacterium had lower average relative abundances. MSM on ART had lower intestinal microbiota diversity than RHI MSM and uninfected MSM. In MSM on ART, Megasphaera and Fusobacterium increased, while Faecalibacterium and Roseburia decreased at genus level. Additionally, treatment with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) led to significant alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity and composition compared to RHI MSM. The random forest model showed that HIV infection biomarkers effectively distinguished between newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM and HIV-negative MSM, with an ROC AUC of 76.24% (95% CI: 61.17-91.31%).
CONCLUSIONS
MSM showed early intestinal microbiota imbalances after new HIV infection. MSM on ART experienced worsened dysbiosis, indicating a combined effect of HIV and ART. NNRTI-based treatment notably changed intestinal microbiota, suggesting a potential direct impact of NNRTI drugs on intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Feces; Middle Aged; HIV-1; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38831399
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03351-z -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences May 2024The early Ediacaran Weng'an biota (Doushantuo Formation, South China) provides a rare window onto the period of Earth history in which molecular timescales have inferred...
The early Ediacaran Weng'an biota (Doushantuo Formation, South China) provides a rare window onto the period of Earth history in which molecular timescales have inferred the initial phase of crown-metazoan diversification. Interpretation of the embryo-like fossils that dominate the biota remains contentious because they are morphologically simple and so difficult to constrain phylogenetically. from the Weng'an biota is distinguished by spiral internal bodies, allied through development to or and interpreted variously as metazoan embryos, encysting protists, or chlorophycean green algae. Here we show, using X-ray microtomography, that has a single-layered outer envelope and no more than 32 internal cells, often preserving a nucleus and yolk granules. There is no correlation between the extent of spiral development and the number of component cells; rather, the spiral developed with each palintomic stage, associated with cell disaggregation and reorientation. Evidence for envelope thinning and cell loss was observed in all developmental stages, reflecting non-deterministic shedding of gametes or amoebae. The developmental biology of is similar to and , which otherwise exhibit more rounds of palintomy. We reject a crown-metazoan affinity for and all other components of the Weng'an biota, diminishing the probability of crown-metazoan diversification before the early Ediacaran.
Topics: Fossils; Animals; Biological Evolution; China; X-Ray Microtomography; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38808442
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0101 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jun 2024
Expression of Concern: Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov. and Anaerococcus vaginimassiliensis sp. nov., new bacteria isolated from vagina of French woman with bacterial vaginosis.
PubMed: 38799902
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101352 -
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Sep 2024Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food waste. Currently, anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the...
Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food waste. Currently, anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the treatment of food waste with concomitant generation of biogas. However, to achieve a circular carbon economy, the organics in food waste should be converted to new chemicals with higher value than energy. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of medium-chain carboxylic acid (MCCA) production from expired dairy and beverage waste via a chain elongation platform mediated by lactate. In a two-stage fermentation process, the first stage with optimized operational conditions, including varying temperatures and organic loading rates, transformed expired dairy and beverage waste into lactate at a concentration higher than 900 mM C at 43 °C. This lactate was then used to produce >500 mM C caproate and >300 mM C butyrate via microbial chain elongation. Predominantly, lactate-producing microbes such as and were regulated by temperature and could be highly enriched under mesophilic conditions in the first-stage reactor. In the second-stage chain elongation reactor, the dominating microbes were primarily from the genera and , shaped by varying feed and inoculum sources. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed positive correlations among species from the genera , , and -352, as well as , , and , indicating strong microbial interactions that enhance caproate production. These findings suggest that producing MCCAs from expired dairy and beverage waste via lactate-mediated chain elongation is a viable method for sustainable waste management and could serve as a chemical production platform in the context of building a circular bioeconomy.
PubMed: 38774191
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100424 -
Current Research in Food Science 2024fruit has attracted more and more attention due to its various pharmacological activities, which are rich in polysaccharides. This study investigated the...
fruit has attracted more and more attention due to its various pharmacological activities, which are rich in polysaccharides. This study investigated the saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation behaviors of polysaccharides from fruit (CAP), as well as its impact on human gut microbiota. The results showed that CAP could be partially degraded during the gastrointestinal digestion. The FT-IR spectra of the digested CAP didn't change significantly, however, the morphological feature of SEM changed to disordered flocculent and rod-like structures. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis found that after fermentation, CAP could increase the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria including , and to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while it can also reduce the abundances of harmful bacteria of , , and , suggesting that CAP could modulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. These results implied that CAP can be developed as a potential prebiotic in the future.
PubMed: 38764977
DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100760 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite...
HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially ablating gastrointestinal alterations, the taxonomic profile after successful new ART has shown wide variations. Our objective was to determine the GM composition and functions in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) under ART in comparison to seronegative controls (SC). Fecal samples from 21 subjects (treated with integrase strand-transfer inhibitors, INSTIs) and 18 SC were included. We employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, coupled with PICRUSt2 and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification by gas chromatography. The INSTI group showed a decreased α-diversity ( < 0.001) compared to the SC group, at the expense of increased amounts of (), , , and Gram-negative bacteria. Concurrently, we observed an enrichment in and , both SCFA-producing bacteria, and significant elevations in fecal butyrate in this group ( < 0.001). Interestingly, gut dysbiosis in PLWHIV was characterized by a proinflammatory environment orchestrated by and elevated levels of butyrate associated with bacterial metabolic pathways, as well as the evident presence of butyrogenic bacteria. The role of this unique GM in PLWHIV should be evaluated, as well as the use of butyrate-based supplements and ART regimens that contain succinate, such as tenofovir disoproxil succinate. This mixed profile is described for the first time in PLWHIV from Mexico.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; HIV Infections; Mexico; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dysbiosis; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Bacteria; Butyrates
PubMed: 38732048
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094830 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive...
Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus improves production performance and egg quality of laying breeder hens by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant function, immunity and intestinal health.
Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive impact on animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus powder (AOP) on production performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid composition, reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, anti-apoptosis ability, and intestinal health in hens. A total of 252 Hainan Wenchang laying hens (30-wk-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, a basic diet with 0 (CON), 1 g/kg AOP (AOP1), and 3 g/kg (AOP3) mixed AOP. The AOP supplementation was found to decrease the feed conversion ratio and embryo mortality but to increase the laying rate, average egg weight, and oviduct index linearly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AOP treatment reduced the total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the egg yolk while increasing eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit (p < 0.05). The serum levels of albumin and phosphorus were increased, whereas total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels decreased as a result of AOP treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of 3 g/kg AOP had higher 17 β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum, while it up-regulated follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in ovary (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP strengthened the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 in ovary and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, but had a lower malondialdehyde content in serum (p < 0.05). AOP at 3 g/kg up-regulated superoxide dismutase 1 and heme oxygenase 1 expression in jejunum and ovary (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AOP supplementation down-regulated p53 expression in ovary and bcl-2-associated x expression in liver and jejunum, especially 3 g/kg of AOP had lower caspase-8 concentrations and down-regulated bcl-2-associated x and caspase-3 expression in ovary (p < 0.05). AOP treatment increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M and upregulated interleukin-4 expression in the liver, while decreasing interleukin-1β expression in liver and ovary and nod-like receptor protein 3 expression in jejunum (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth but decreased crypt depth in jejunum, especially when 1 g/kg AOP increased expression levels of occludin, mucin-2, peptide-transporter 1, and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 in jejunum (p < 0.05). AOP treatment altered the composition of the cecal microbial community, as evidenced by increased abundance of Oscillospira and Phascolarctobacterium and reduced richness of Clostridiaceae_Clostridium. Dietary AOP supplementation enriched lipid, amino acid, and propanoate metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera Oscillospira, Blautia, and Megasphaera were related to laying performance and intestinal integrity. In brief, supplementation of AOP, especially at 3 g/kg, could improve production performance and egg quality of hens via modulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota. Overall, the present work recommends the dietary inclusion of AOP as a beneficial additive for improving the performance of hens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Animal Feed; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Antioxidants; Random Allocation; Alpinia; Intestines; Fruit; Ovum; Egg Yolk; Reproduction; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
PubMed: 38652955
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103770 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis, a cause of CCS, is influenced by gut microbiota...
Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has a high mortality rate, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis, a cause of CCS, is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis and its metabolites. The objective of this study was to study the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and related clinical parameters among CCS patients undergoing coronary angiography and dyslipidemia patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in Thailand. CCS patients had more risk factors and higher inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) than others. The alpha diversity was lower in dyslipidemia and CCS patients than in the healthy group. A significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota was observed among the three groups. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and was significantly increased while , and were lower in CCS patients. In CCS patients, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and were positively correlated with hs-CRP. In dyslipidemia patients, was strongly positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) level and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The modification of gut microbiota was associated with changes in clinical parameters involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in CCS patients.
PubMed: 38646625
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384146