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Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Mesothelioma; Lung Neoplasms; Pleural Neoplasms
PubMed: 38808836
DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20240118 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Hedgehogs, as exotic species, are more susceptible to various neoplastic conditions affecting diverse bodily systems, particularly the tegumentary, hemolymphatic, and...
Hedgehogs, as exotic species, are more susceptible to various neoplastic conditions affecting diverse bodily systems, particularly the tegumentary, hemolymphatic, and digestive systems. Among these conditions, epithelial tumors are the most prevalent, followed by round cell tumors and mesenchymal tumors. A striking characteristic is the malignant nature of over 8% of these tumors, leading to a generally unfavorable prognosis. This study aims to present a unique case involving a 2.5 year-old male African pygmy hedgehog in Concepción, Biobío District, Chile, diagnosed with a mesenchymal neoplasia originating from mesothelial cells. The hedgehog presented to the veterinary clinic with acute abdominal pain, prompting ultrasound imaging, and comprehensive cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. During abdominal ultrasound, a mass was observed, and its cytological examination revealed the presence of malignant cells. The histopathological examination unveiled a diffuse mesothelial cell tissue interwoven with abundant fibrous tissue and small cysts containing serous fluid, all enveloped by flattened or cuboidal cells of mesothelial origin. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the diagnosis, demonstrating positive immunostaining for calretinin and mesothelin markers, corroborating the diagnosis of fibrous malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. This case highlights the complexity of neoplastic conditions in hedgehogs and emphasizes the importance of multimodal diagnostic approaches for accurate identification and understanding of these rare diseases.
PubMed: 38807940
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1341815 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... May 2024Malignant mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer primarily caused by occupational asbestos exposure, has a poor prognosis. This study leverages the Global Burden of...
Malignant mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer primarily caused by occupational asbestos exposure, has a poor prognosis. This study leverages the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 dataset to analyze the burden of mesothelioma linked to occupational asbestos exposure from 1990 to 2019. The analysis includes the number of mesothelioma deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to occupational asbestos exposure, focusing on trends in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDR) by year, age, sex, country, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In 2019, 91.7% of mesothelioma deaths and 85.2% of DALYs were attributable to occupational asbestos exposure, resulting in 26,820 (95% UI 24,312-28,622) deaths and 569,429 (95% UI 509,956-617,484) DALYs. Despite a decline in ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs almost doubled. The United States reported the highest number of mesothelioma deaths, while China had the highest number of DALYs. Age-specific mortality rates and DALYs decreased in the 25-74 age group but increased in the 75+ age group. In conclusion, occupational asbestos exposure remains the primary cause of mesothelioma worldwide, with an increasing number of deaths and DALYs. The highest incidence rates are observed in high-income areas, and rates are rising in low-income areas. It is crucial to raise awareness about the hazards of asbestos to reduce the global burden of mesothelioma linked to occupational exposure.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Exposure; Asbestos; Male; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Lung Neoplasms; Aged, 80 and over; Global Health; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 38806867
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05802-6 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2024A 71-year-old male visited a hospital with a chief complaint of exertional dyspnea. A chest CT revealed multiple nodular lesions on the parietal pleura. Thoracoscopic...
A 71-year-old male visited a hospital with a chief complaint of exertional dyspnea. A chest CT revealed multiple nodular lesions on the parietal pleura. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was performed resulting in a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma with epithelioid type. When chemotherapy was initially initiated, his serum level of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) was high. However, once chemotherapy was started, the serum KL-6 level gradually decreased with tumor shrinkage. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the expression of KL-6 from the tumor cells. This is the first report of KL-6 production directly from tumor cells in epithelial-type pleural mesothelioma.
PubMed: 38803368
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102040 -
Cureus Apr 2024Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MMTVT) is a rare tumor of the testicular sheath. More than 50% of cases initially present as recurrent hydrocele,...
Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MMTVT) is a rare tumor of the testicular sheath. More than 50% of cases initially present as recurrent hydrocele, but there have also been documented cases with hematocele, inguinal hernia, or epididymitis. Due to the non-specific symptoms and signs of the disease, it is almost always diagnosed intra- or postoperatively. The lack of standardized therapy protocols, as well as the lack of evidence supporting systemic chemotherapy, have fueled arguments in favor of the necessity of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the treatment of the disease, especially in the case of lymph node metastasis. We present a case of MMTVT achieving prolonged remission after timely and extensive surgical treatment.
PubMed: 38800313
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59052 -
Public Health Action Mar 2024Asbestos exposure can cause mesothelioma, a form of cancer which should be recorded by cancer registries. However, such registries currently cover only a small fraction...
SETTING
Asbestos exposure can cause mesothelioma, a form of cancer which should be recorded by cancer registries. However, such registries currently cover only a small fraction (16%) of the population in India. Because India still uses asbestos, it is important to understand its health impact, especially the number of mesothelioma cases.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the number of mesothelioma cases in India and compare these to the number reported to the National Cancer Registry.
DESIGN
We used the Right to Information Act 2005 to gather data for 83 hospitals across India from 2012 to 2022-2023.
RESULTS
From a total of 83 hospitals, there were 2,213 cases of mesothelioma from 2012 onwards. During the 2012-2016 period, the number of reported cases in the Cancer Registry was 54, whereas 1,126 cases were reported by these hospitals for this period. Only 21 (25%) of the hospitals assessed in this study were part of the population-based national cancer registry programme. Overall, cases of mesothelioma occur far more frequently than are reported in cancer registries.
CONCLUSION
National record-keeping is inadequate and the system needs to be expanded and improved across all of India. This will provide more effective reporting and help to highlight the risk of exposure to asbestos.
PubMed: 38798778
DOI: 10.5588/pha.24.0003 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) with...
UNLABELLED
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) with divergent characteristics, but their clinical relevance remains unclear. We translate scRNAseq-derived CAF cell-subpopulation-specific marker genes to bulk RNAseq data, and develop a single- sample classifier, DeCAF, for the classification of clinically rest raining and perm issive CAF subtypes. We validate DeCAF in 19 independent bulk transcriptomic datasets across four tumor types (PDAC, mesothelioma, bladder and renal cell carcinoma). DeCAF subtypes have distinct histology features, immune landscapes, and are prognostic and predict response to therapy across cancer types. We demonstrate that DeCAF is clinically replicable and robust for the classification of CAF subtypes in patients for multiple tumor types, providing a better framework for the future development and translation of therapies against permissive CAF subtypes and preservation of restraining CAF subtypes.
SIGNIFICANCE
We introduce a replicable and robust classifier, DeCAF, that delineates the significance of the role of permissive and restraining CAF subtypes in cancer patients. DeCAF is clinically tractable, prognostic and predictive of treatment response in multiple cancer types and lays the translational groundwork for the preclinical and clinical development of CAF subtype specific therapies.
PubMed: 38798565
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594197 -
Thoracic Cancer May 2024Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an exceedingly rare tumor with poor prognosis due to the limited availability of effective treatment. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel...
BACKGROUND
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an exceedingly rare tumor with poor prognosis due to the limited availability of effective treatment. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment approach for MM, but less than 40% of the patients benefit from it. Thus, it is necessary to identify accurate and effective biomarkers that can predict the overall survival (OS) and immunotherapy efficacy for MM.
METHODS
DNA sequencing was used to identify the genomic landscape based on the data from 86 Chinese patients. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was used to characterize MM TCR repertoires of 28 patients between October 2016 and April 2023.
RESULTS
Patients with TP53, NF2, or CDKN2A variants at the genomic level, as well as those exhibiting lower Shannon index (<6.637), lower evenness (<0.028), or higher clonality (≥0.194) according to baseline tumor tissue TCR indexes, demonstrated poorer OS. Furthermore, patients with TP53, CDKN2A, or CDKN2B variants and those with a lower evenness (<0.030) in baseline tumor tissue showed worse immunotherapy efficacy. The present study is the first to identify five special TCR Vβ-Jβ rearrangements associated with MM immunotherapy efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study reported the largest-scale genomic landscape and TCR repertoire of MM in Chinese patients and identified genomic and TCR biomarkers for the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in MM. The study results might provide new insights for prospective MM trials using specific genes, TCR indexes, and TCR clones as biomarkers and offer a reference for future antitumor drugs based on TCR-specific clones.
PubMed: 38798202
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15326 -
Cancers May 2024Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a very aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Most patients receive systemic treatment only; however, some patients may benefit from...
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a very aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Most patients receive systemic treatment only; however, some patients may benefit from multimodality treatment. A precise staging of patients undergoing multimodal treatment is mandatory. We investigated the pattern of metastasis in a cohort of patients screened for multimodal treatment to define the extent of staging examinations. Additionally, we investigated the occurrence of metastasis during follow-up. We investigated a single-center experience of 545 patients newly diagnosed and/or treated with PM between the years 2010 and 2022. Patients who were treated naïvely and had a whole set of imaging of the brain were included and further analyzed. A total of 54% of all patients with cerebral imaging had an available FDG-PET CT scan. We also recorded metastasis during treatment follow-up. There were 110 patients who had a whole set of imaging (CT = 89% and MRI = 11%) of the brain, and 54% of all patients with cerebral imaging had an available FDG-PET CT scan. We identified four patients with cerebral metastasis at the time of first diagnosis, which means that 5.4% of the cohort had cerebral metastasis and 13.3% of all patients in the subgroup with complete data of FDG-PET CT had distant non-cerebral metastasis. During the longitudinal follow-up, we found 11 patients with newly diagnosed metastases after a median time of 1.6 years (range: 2 months to 3.3 years) after first diagnosis without metastases. Distant metastases are more frequent in mesothelioma patients than previously thought. This implies that extensive staging is needed for patients selected for multimodal treatment, including brain imaging and FDG-PET CT.
PubMed: 38791995
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101917 -
Cancers May 2024The Wnt receptor ROR1 has generated increased interest as a cancer therapeutic target. Research on several therapeutic approaches involving this receptor is ongoing;...
The Wnt receptor ROR1 has generated increased interest as a cancer therapeutic target. Research on several therapeutic approaches involving this receptor is ongoing; however, ROR1 tissue expression remains understudied. We performed an immunohistochemistry analysis of ROR1 protein expression in a large cohort of multiple tumor and histologic types. We analyzed 12 anonymized multi-tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs), including mesothelioma, esophageal and upper gastrointestinal carcinomas, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma, among other tumor types. Additionally, we studied 5 different sarcoma types of TMAs and 6 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) TMAs developed from 19 different anatomic sites and tumor histologic types. A total of 1142 patient cases from different histologic types and 140 PDXs placed in TMAs were evaluated. Pathologists assessed the percentage of tumor cells in each case that were positive for ROR1 and the intensity of staining. For determining the prevalence of staining for each tumor type, a case was considered positive if >1% of its tumor cells showed ROR1 staining. Our immunohistochemistry assays revealed a heterogeneous ROR1 expression profile. A high prevalence of ROR1 expression was found in mesothelioma (84.6%), liposarcoma (36.1%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (33.3%), and uterine endometrioid carcinoma (28.9%). Other histologic types such as breast, lung, renal cell, hepatocellular, urothelial carcinoma, and colon carcinomas; glioblastoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and leiomyosarcoma showed less ROR1 overall expression, ranging between 0.9 and 13%. No ROR1 expression was seen in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Overall, ROR1 expression was relatively infrequent and low in most tumor types investigated; however, ROR1 expression was infrequent but high in selected tumor types, such as gastroesophageal GIST, suggesting that ROR1 prescreening may be preferable for those indications. Further, mesothelioma exhibited frequent and high levels of ROR1 expression, which represents a previously unrecognized therapeutic opportunity. These findings can contribute to the development of ROR1-targeted therapies.
PubMed: 38791952
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101874