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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024() was widely used in poultry feeds. However, it is still unclear about how B.licheniformis regulates the growth and development of Pekin ducks. The experiment was...
() was widely used in poultry feeds. However, it is still unclear about how B.licheniformis regulates the growth and development of Pekin ducks. The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of Pekin ducks through multiomics analysis, including transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of 400 mg/kg could significantly increase the body weight of Pekin ducks and the content of triglyceride (p < 0.05), at the same time, the addition of could affect the lipid metabolism of liver in Pekin ducks, and the addition of 400 mg/kg could significantly increase the content of lipoprotein lipase in liver of Pekin ducks. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the addition of primarily impacted fatty acid and glutathione, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, as well as biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolomic analysis indicated that primarily affected the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerol metabolites. Multiomics analysis demonstrated that the addition of B. licheniformis to the diet of Pekin ducks enhanced the regulation of enzymes involved in fat synthesis via the PPAR signaling pathway, actively participating in fat synthesis and fatty acid transport. We found that effectively influences fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating lipid metabolism-associated enzymes in the liver. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of how can improve the growth performance of Pekin ducks, particularly in terms of fat deposition, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its practical application. can increase the regulation of enzymes related to fat synthesis through PPAR signal pathway, and actively participate in liver fat synthesis and fatty acid transport, thus changing the lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks, mainly in the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids and glycerol lipid metabolites.
PubMed: 38933681
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412231 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Breeding oilseed rape with colorful flowers can greatly enhance the ornamental value of and thus improve the...
is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Breeding oilseed rape with colorful flowers can greatly enhance the ornamental value of and thus improve the economic benefits of planting. As water-soluble flavonoid secondary metabolites, anthocyanins are very important for the synthesis and accumulation of pigments in the petals of plants, giving them a wide range of bright colors. Despite the documentation of over 60 distinct flower shades in , the intricacies underlying flower color variation remain elusive. Particularly, the mechanisms driving color development across varying flower color backgrounds necessitate further comprehensive investigation. This research undertook a comprehensive exploration through the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses to pinpoint pivotal genes and metabolites underpinning an array of flower colors, including beige, beige-red, yellow, orange-red, deep orange-red, white, light-purple, and purple. First, we used a two-way BLAST search to find 275 genes in the reference genome of Darmor v10 that were involved in making anthocyanins. The subsequent scrutiny of RNA-seq outcomes underscored notable upregulation in the structural genes and , alongside the , , and transcriptional regulators within petals, showing anthocyanin accumulation. By synergizing this data with a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified , , , , and as the key players driving anthocyanin synthesis in beige-red, orange-red, deep orange-red, light-purple, and purple petals. By integrating transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis findings with anthocyanin metabolism data, it is hypothesized that the upregulation of , which, in turn, enhances expression, plays a pivotal role in the development of pigmented oilseed rape flowers. These findings help to understand the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding varieties with novel flower colors.
PubMed: 38933465
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1419508 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024leaves are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine for their substantial concentration of flavonoids, which play a crucial role in manifesting the plant's...
leaves are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine for their substantial concentration of flavonoids, which play a crucial role in manifesting the plant's therapeutic properties. This study investigated the metabolomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of leaves from two cultivars, (J) and (R), at three different developmental stages. Metabolite identification and analysis revealed a total of 1,412 and 1,421 metabolites with known structures were found. Flavonoids made up of 33%, including 10 significant accumulated icariin analogues. Transcriptomic analysis unveiled totally 41,644 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) containing five encoded genes participated in icariin biosynthesis pathways. Totally, 9,745 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found, including Cluster-47248.2.p1 (UDP-glucuronosy/UDP-glucosyltransferase), Cluster-30441.2.p1 (O-glucosyltransferase), and Cluster-28344.9.p1 (anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2 "-O-glucosyltransferase-like) through proteomics analysis which are involved to icariin biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) assay exhibited, totally 12 proteins showing a strong relationship of false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 with these three proteins containing 2 leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-like protein SRF7, and 5 methyl jasmonate esterase 1. Multi-omics connection networks uncovered 237 DEGs and 72 DEPs exhibited significant associations with the 10 icariin analogues. Overall, our integrated omics approach provides comprehensive insights into the regulatory network underlying icariin synthesis in , offering valuable resources for further research and development in medicinal plant cultivation and pharmaceutical applications.
PubMed: 38933461
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409601 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024, widely used in clinical practice as a medicinal herb, belongs to the genus in the family Ephedraceae. However, the presence of numerous varieties and variants...
OBJECTIVE
, widely used in clinical practice as a medicinal herb, belongs to the genus in the family Ephedraceae. However, the presence of numerous varieties and variants requires differentiation for accurate identification.
METHODS
In this study, we employed headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) for chemical component identification. Chemometric analysis was used to analyze the differential components. Metabolic analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment were utilized to explore the synthesis pathways of different components.
RESULT
A total of 83 volatile and 79 non-volatile components were identified in species. Differential analysis revealed that among the eight stems, 18 volatile and 19 non-volatile differential compounds were discovered, whereas roots exhibited 21 volatile and 17 non-volatile markers. Volatile compounds were enriched in four synthetic pathways, while non-volatile components were enriched in five pathways among the differentiated components.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of chemical components in different species and parts. It provides a foundational reference for authenticating herbs, evaluating medicinal resources, and comparing quality in future studies.
PubMed: 38933459
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421008 -
Frontiers in Global Women's Health 2024Epilepsy, is a serious neurological condition, characterized by recurring, unprovoked seizures and affects over 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy has an equal... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy, is a serious neurological condition, characterized by recurring, unprovoked seizures and affects over 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy has an equal prevalence in males and females, and occurs throughout the life span. Women with epilepsy (WWE) present with unique challenges due to the cyclical fluctuation of sex steroid hormone concentrations during their life course. These shifts in sex steroid hormones and their metabolites are intricately intertwined with seizure susceptibility and affect epilepsy during the life course of women in a complex manner. Here we present a review encompassing neurosteroids-steroids that act on the brain regardless of their site of synthesis in the body; the role of neurosteroids in women with epilepsy through their life-course; exogenous neurosteroid trials; and future research directions. The focus of this review is on progesterone and its derived neurosteroids, given the extensive basic research that supports their role in modulating neuronal excitability.
PubMed: 38933454
DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1363470 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Immune cells play a crucial role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, yet the causal relationship remains uncertain due to complex immune...
BACKGROUND
Immune cells play a crucial role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, yet the causal relationship remains uncertain due to complex immune microenvironments and conflicting research findings. Mendelian randomization (MR), this study aims to delineate the causal relationships between immune cells and pancreatic cancer while identifying intermediary factors.
METHODS
The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on immune cells, pancreatic cancer, and plasma metabolites are derived from public databases. In this investigation, inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analytical approach to investigate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Furthermore, this study incorporates MR-Egger, simple mode, weighted median, and weighted mode as supplementary analytical approaches. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we further assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity and evaluated the stability of MR results using the Leave-one-out method. In conclusion, this study employed mediation analysis to elucidate the potential mediating effects of plasma metabolites.
RESULTS
Our investigation revealed a causal relationship between immune cells and pancreatic cancer, highlighting the pivotal roles of CD11c+ monocytes (odds ratio, OR=1.105; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.002-1.218; P=0.045), HLA DR+ CD4+ antigen-presenting cells (OR=0.920; 95%CI: 0.873-0.968; P=0.001), and HLA DR+ CD8br T cells (OR=1.058; 95%CI: 1.002-1.117; P=0.041) in pancreatic cancer progression. Further mediation analysis indicated that oxalate (proportion of mediation effect in total effect: -11.6%, 95% CI: -89.7%, 66.6%) and the mannose to trans-4-hydroxyproline ratio (-19.4, 95% CI: -136%, 96.8%) partially mediate the relationship between HLA DR+ CD8br T cells and pancreatic cancer in nature. In addition, our analysis indicates that adrenate (-8.39%, 95% CI: -18.3%, 1.54%) plays a partial mediating role in the association between CD11c+ monocyte and pancreatic cancer, while cortisone (-26.6%, 95% CI: 138%, -84.8%) acts as a partial mediator between HLA DR+ CD4+ AC and pancreatic cancer.
CONCLUSION
This MR investigation provides evidence supporting the causal relationship between immune cell and pancreatic cancer, with plasma metabolites serving as mediators. Identifying immune cell phenotypes with potential causal effects on pancreatic cancer sheds light on its underlying mechanisms and suggests novel therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Monocytes; Risk Factors; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 38933268
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402113 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Tibetan tea changes during microorganism fermentation. Research on microorganisms in Tibetan tea has focused on their identification, while studies on the influence of...
Tibetan tea changes during microorganism fermentation. Research on microorganisms in Tibetan tea has focused on their identification, while studies on the influence of specific microorganisms on the components and health functions of Tibetan tea are lacking. was inoculated into Tibetan tea for intensive fermentation, and the components of -fermented tea (BLT) were detected by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS), and then the effects of BLT on intestinal probiotic functions were investigated by experiments on mice. The results revealed the metabolites of BLT include polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, amino acids, and lipids. Intensified fermentation also improved the antioxidant capacity and the protective effect on the intestinal barrier of Tibetan tea. In addition, the enhanced fermentation of Tibetan tea exerted intestinal probiotic effects by modulating the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the intestinal flora. Therefore, intensive fermentation with can improve the health benefits of Tibetan tea.
PubMed: 38933031
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376757 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Bacterial degradation mechanism for high chlorinated pentachlorobiphenyl (PentaCB) with worse biodegradability has not been fully elucidated, which could limit the full...
Bacterial degradation mechanism for high chlorinated pentachlorobiphenyl (PentaCB) with worse biodegradability has not been fully elucidated, which could limit the full remediation of environments afflicted by the complex pollution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this research, a new PentaCB-degrading bacterium that has not been reported was obtained using enzymatic screening method. The characteristics of its intracellular enzymes, proteome and metabolome variation during PentaCB degradation were investigated systematically compared to non-PentaCB conditions. The findings indicate that the degradation rate of PentaCB (1 mg/L) could reach 23.9% within 4 hours and achieve complete degradation within 12 hours, with the mixture of intracellular enzymes being most effective at a pH of 6.0. During the biodegradation of PentaCB, the 12 up-regulated proteins characterized included ABC transporter PentaCB-binding protein, translocase protein TatA, and signal peptidase I (SPase I), indicating the presence of functional proteins for PentaCB degradation in both the cytoplasm and the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. Furthermore, five differentially enriched metabolites were strongly associated with the aforementioned proteins, especially the up-regulated 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol which feeds into multiple degradation pathways of benzoate, chlorocyclohexane, chlorobenzene and aminobenzoate. These relevant results help to understand and speculate the complex mechanisms regarding PentaCB degradation by , which have both theoretical and practical implications for PCB bioremediation.
PubMed: 38933025
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389805 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused by multiple pathological factors threatening human health-the pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In recent... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused by multiple pathological factors threatening human health-the pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, studies have exhibited that the onset of AS is closely involved with oral and gut microbiota, which may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes through several mechanisms. As for how the two microbiomes affect AS, existing mechanisms include invading plaque, producing active metabolites, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inducing elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Considering the possible profound connection between oral and gut microbiota, the effect of the interaction between the two microbiomes on the initiation and progression of AS has been investigated. Findings are oral microbiota can lead to gut dysbiosis, and exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, relevant research is not commendably refined and a concrete review is needed. Hence, in this review, we summarize the most recent mechanisms of the oral microbiota and gut microbiota on AS, illustrate an overview of the current clinical and epidemiological evidence to support the bidirectional connection between the two microbiomes and AS.
PubMed: 38932989
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1406220 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024Aging is the most significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in age-related...
OBJECTIVE
Aging is the most significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in age-related diseases, but its role in AF development remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between changes in the autonomic nervous system, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and alterations in gut microbiota in aged rats with AF.
METHODS
Electrophysiological experiments were conducted to assess AF induction rates and heart rate variability in rats. 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from fecal samples were used to assess the gut microbial composition. Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to identify SCFAs in fecal samples.
RESULTS
The study found that aged rats exhibited a higher incidence of AF and reduced heart rate variability compared to young rats. Omics research revealed disrupted gut microbiota in aged rats, specifically a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Additionally, fecal SCFA levels were significantly lower in aged rats. Importantly, correlation analysis indicated a significant association between decreased SCFAs and declining heart rate variability in aged rats.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that SCFAs, as metabolites of gut microbiota, may play a regulatory role in autonomic nervous function and potentially influence the onset and progression of AF in aged rats. These results provide novel insights into the involvement of SCFAs and autonomic nervous system function in the pathogenesis of AF. These results provide novel insights into the involvement of SCFAs and autonomic nervous system function in the pathogenesis of AF.
PubMed: 38932988
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1394929