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Environmental Research Dec 2022Prenatal pesticide exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment during childhood, which could lead to greater risk-taking behaviors and delinquency in...
BACKGROUND
Prenatal pesticide exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment during childhood, which could lead to greater risk-taking behaviors and delinquency in adolescence. This association may be augmented by adversity exposure.
OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the relationship between prenatal pesticide exposure and risk-taking behavior in young adults at 18-years of age. Assess whether adversity exposure modifies these associations.
METHODS
Participants included mother-child dyads (n = 467) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children Of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal birth cohort set in the agricultural Salinas Valley of California. We estimated agricultural pesticide use within one km of maternal residences during pregnancy using a geographic information system, residential addresses, and California's Pesticide Use Reporting data. We used Bayesian hierarchical regression to evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to a mixture of 11 neurotoxic pesticides with self-reported police encounters, risk-taking behaviors, and unique types and frequency of delinquent acts. We also evaluated effect modification of these relationships by adversity exposure.
RESULTS
We observed generally null associations of neurotoxic pesticide use with risk-taking behaviors. Prenatal residential proximity to chlorpyrifos use was associated with higher risk of a police encounter, a delinquent act, and higher incidence of both unique types of acts committed and total frequency of delinquent acts. Prenatal residential proximity to dimethoate use was associated with a higher incidence of police encounters and methomyl with a higher risk of committing a delinquent act. There were no consistent differences when stratified by the number of adverse childhood experiences.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed mostly null associations between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and risk-taking behaviors at age 18, with little evidence of effect modification by childhood adversity. There were suggestive associations for chlorpyrifos use with having any police encounter and with all measures of delinquent acts that warrant confirmation in other studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Bayes Theorem; California; Chlorpyrifos; Dimethoate; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Methomyl; Pesticides; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk-Taking; Young Adult
PubMed: 36150435
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114356 -
Science Progress 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methomyl (MET) on water quality, growth and antioxidant system of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, ) in...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methomyl (MET) on water quality, growth and antioxidant system of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, ) in the presence of peppermint as a floating bed. The concentration of NH-N, NO-N, NO-N and TP in T (with 200 g wet peppermint) was significantly lower ( < 0.05) than that in T (100 g), T (50 g) and control, and the nutrient removal rates were 61.90%, 31.59%, 59.86% and 45.92% in 20 days, respectively. Juveniles GIFT (5.1 ± 0.2 g) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.2, 2.0, 20 and 200 µg/L of MET for 45 days. After 6 weeks of a feeding trial, percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly decreased in 0.2, 2.0, 20 µg/L MET groups respectively and increased in the 200 µg/L MET group. Compared with the control, no significant changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected in the 0.2 µg/L group. The significant increase in activities of SOD, CAT and GPx was accompanied by a diminution in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels resulting with tilapia exposed to 2.0, 20, or 200 µg/L for 45 days. The highest rates observed in SOD, CAT, GPx were 157.63%, 164.05% and 167.46% of the control respectively, and the lowest inhibition rate in GSH was 66.42% of the control. Peppermint as a floating bed can alleviate the adverse effects of MET, such as growth retardation and oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cichlids; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Liver; Mentha; Mentha piperita; Methomyl; Nitrogen Dioxide; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Quality
PubMed: 36113148
DOI: 10.1177/00368504221124047 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Numerous studies have shown that pesticide residues in tea exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRL) can cause harmful effects on the human body. There are many...
Numerous studies have shown that pesticide residues in tea exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRL) can cause harmful effects on the human body. There are many limitations in the existing analytical methods for pesticide residues in tea, so new analytical methods need to be developed. We developed a limit test method that combines thin-layer chromatography with Raman imaging microscopy (TLC-RIM). Seven residual pesticide components in tea (Avermectin, Methomyl, Carbendazim, Imidacloprid, Chlorothalonil, Azoxystrobin, and Acetamiprid) could be preliminarily separated by TLC and then irradiated by a 532 nm laser. Raman spectra of seven pesticides obtained by Raman imaging microscopy could be used to test whether the pesticide residues in tea exceed the MRL. The limits of detection of the seven pesticides were 0.04, 0.10, 0.24, 0.20, 0.12, 0.12, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The simulated positive test showed that the matrix in tea did not interfere with the test of the seven pesticides. When the pesticides were tested within 8 h, the RSD of the peak heights of the seven pesticides were 1.2%~9.6%; the test results of three batches of tea showed that the imidacloprid in one batch of tea exceeded its MRL, and the results were consistent with that by UPLC-MS/MS. The TLC-RIM is fast, sensitive, stable, specific, and reliable.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Food Contamination; Humans; Microscopy; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tea
PubMed: 36014399
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165151 -
Toxins Aug 2022The locusts (Bey-Bienko) and (Zubovski) (Orthoptera Acrididae) and the leaf beetle (Joannis) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) are economically devastating insect species...
The locusts (Bey-Bienko) and (Zubovski) (Orthoptera Acrididae) and the leaf beetle (Joannis) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) are economically devastating insect species in the desert steppes of Northern China. Control is mainly and frequently dependent on highly toxic chemicals. To date, there have been no complete and comprehensive reports of insecticide applications to these key pests. In this study, laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine and compare the toxicity of twelve insecticides to three outbreaking insects, , , and from three typical desert steppe regions, SZWQ, XHQ and WLTQQ, respectively. The responses of the two locust species and the leaf beetle were evaluated by topical application and leaf dip bioassay techniques across a range of concentrations to develop dosage-mortality regressions. The insecticides tested included six chemical insecticides (β-cypermethrin, imidacloprid, phoxim, λ-cyhalothrin, methomyl, chlorantraniliprole) and six biogenic insecticides (spinosad, avermectin, rotenone, matrine, azadiracthin, and methoxyfenozide). The results showed that phoxim, λ-cyhalothrin, β-cypermethrin and spinosad showed highly toxic activity to , , and , while methonyl, chlorantraniliprole, and rotenone were moderately toxic to both locust species and the leaf beetle. The LC values of matrine, azadiractin, and avermectin were more than 1 μg a.i./adult for and , the LC values of which were higher 2 g/L for . Our findings complement information from previous similar studies and will inform future studies relating to the control of outbreaking insects, such as , , and in desert steppes of northern China. This study is also expected to provide basic data on the use of chemical and biogenic insecticides for application in desert steppes.
Topics: Animals; China; Coleoptera; Insecta; Insecticides; Rotenone
PubMed: 36006208
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080546 -
International Journal of Analytical... 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methomyl (MET) on the growth and antioxidant system of GIFT (5.28 ± 0.12, = 180) in the presence of water...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methomyl (MET) on the growth and antioxidant system of GIFT (5.28 ± 0.12, = 180) in the presence of water spinach () aas a floating bed. Four treatment groups have been established, named control (0), 2, 20, and 200 g/L MET. Results showed that at moderate temperatures such as 25°C to 30°C, tilapia's feed consumption increased and body weight improved. SOD, CAT, and GSH in the liver of GIFT indicated the significant increase under MET exposure. MET reduced the growth rate of GIFT, and water spinach reduced part of the water quality indexes in the MET (<200 g/L) groups. Water spinach altered GIFT's hepatic oxidation system to some extent and effectively absorbed MET in water and transferred it to itself, and the degradation time was lower than the dietary standard time which termed as 15-20 days. Growing water spinach in farmed waters partially decomposes MET and prevents it from causing damage to GIFT's liver.
PubMed: 35992556
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7434426 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Pesticide-related mental health issues in Thailand, an upper-middle-income country, are not well known. This study aimed to investigate the association between the...
Pesticide-related mental health issues in Thailand, an upper-middle-income country, are not well known. This study aimed to investigate the association between the history of occupational exposure to pesticides and the mental health of Thai farmers. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the areas around Chiang Mai, a large city in Northern Thailand, between June 2020 and January 2021. A total of 6974 farmers from six districts were interviewed to determine whether they regularly experienced symptoms related to mental health by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) as well as their lifetime history of agricultural pesticide exposure from 31 active ingredients and five functional categories: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and molluscicides. The cut-off of 6 was used to evaluate probable mental disorder. Most of the farmers under investigation were men (53.8%), with a mean age of 55.2 (11.7) years, and were involved mainly in the planting of rice, fruit, and vegetables. About 86.7% reported having used pesticides on their crops at some point in their lives-mostly glyphosate, paraquat, 2,4-D, methomyl, and carbofuran. All functional groups, as well as pesticide classes like organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates, were significantly associated with a higher risk of probable mental disorder based on exposure duration, frequency, personal protective equipment usage, and hygienic behavior. In a model with multiple pesticides, there was an association between mental disorder and exposure to endosulfan (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.26-4.08) and methyl parathion (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.26-4.06). Having previously reported pesticide poisoning symptoms was related to mental disorder (AOR = 7.97, 95%CI = 5.16-12.31), the findings provided evidence of pesticide exposure posing a risk to farmers' mental health, particularly long-term and high-intensity exposure.
Topics: Agriculture; Cross-Sectional Studies; Farmers; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides; Thailand
PubMed: 35955007
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159654 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2022Cytomixis is a common phenomenon observed in meiotic cells such as anther which is influenced by various factors. Use of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture....
Cytomixis is a common phenomenon observed in meiotic cells such as anther which is influenced by various factors. Use of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture. However, it is not known whether pesticides can induce cytomixis in plant cells and induce genetic variation. To understand this, the present study was planned to assess the cytomixis and syncytes behaviors in PMCs of L. Seeds of (Family: Fabaceae) were treated with different concentrations of commonly used pesticides methomyl (ME), imbraclaobrid (IM) and clethodim (CL). Seeds were treated with various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of ME, IM and CL prepared in water) for 1 and 3 h. Effect of pesticides on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells was assessed. In the cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), and various stages of meiosis (PI, MI, AI and TI) with cytomixis cells were observed. In addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) was assessed. During the microsporogenesis in the occurrence of cytomixis and syncytes at various stages of meiosis I were seen. The formation of cytoplasmic channels and direct fusing of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were both seen to cause cytomixis, with the former being more common than the latter. The percentage of PMCs with cytomixis and syncytes cells increased with increase in the concentration of pesticides. The result of the present investigation indicates that commonly used pesticides ME, IM, and CL have a significant effect on pollen fertility, frequency of cytomixis, and kind of cytomixis cells, the cytomictic channel (CC) and direct fusion (DF), in addition, frequency of syncytes cell and their various stages of meiosis I (PI, MI, AI and TI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) on .
PubMed: 35935105
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103390 -
Environmental Health Insights 2022This study assessed concentrations of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farm-to-fork in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda. A total of 160 samples of fruit...
This study assessed concentrations of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farm-to-fork in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda. A total of 160 samples of fruit and vegetables collected from farms, markets, streets, restaurants and homes were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; and Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer for dithiocarbamates. Multiple pesticide residues were detected in majority of the samples (95.6%). The proportions of the most frequently detected pesticides residue classes were organophosphates (91.3%), carbamates (67.5%), pyrethroids (60.0%) dithiocarbamates (48.1%) and neonicotinoids (42.5%). Among organophosphates, propotamophos, acephate, fonofos, monocrotophos and dichlorvos were the most detected active ingredients; aminocarb, methomyl and pirimicarb were the commonly detected carbamates; while imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid and lambda-cyhalothrin, pyrethroid were also highly detected. Twenty-seven pesticide were tested at all stages, of which the concentrations either decreased or increased along the chain. Multiple pesticide residues occurred in commonly consumed fruit and vegetables with decreasing or increasing concentrations from farm-to-fork.
PubMed: 35846167
DOI: 10.1177/11786302221111866 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley () seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body...
The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley () seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body composition, hematological indicators, hepatorenal function, immune response, oxidative status, and disease resistance to . For this purpose, 225 healthy Nile tilapia () were allotted into five groups (45 fish/group in triplicate). One group was reared in clean water and fed a non-supplemented basal diet, while the other groups were exposed to 20.39 μg L MET and fed a non-fortified basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of PSM for 60 days. The obtained data revealed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, and specific growth rate, but higher feed conversion ratio and decreases in crude protein, lipid, and ash contents in the MET-exposed fish. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and esonipenia were also obvious. Furthermore, MET-exposed fish had significantly higher serum levels of hepatic enzymes and renal damage products. Nevertheless, there was a significant depletion of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in MET-exposed fish. The MET exposure significantly depressed lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement3, acetylcholinesterase activity, total proteins, globulin, and albumin levels in serum. Furthermore, pathological alterations in the liver and kidney were noted. The relative percentage of survival rate in MET-exposed fish was dramatically reduced on day 14 post-challenge with . The inclusion of PSM, on the other hand, greatly alleviated most of the MET-related negative effects. Taken together, the dietary intervention with PSM has a promising role in alleviating MET-deleterious impacts, rendering parsley seeds a viable aqua feed additive for .
PubMed: 35740080
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061185 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Apr 2022This manuscript was conducted to spotlight the toxic effect of two sub-lethal concentrations of Methomyl (Copter) LC (0.075 g/L) and LC (0.180 g/L) on some biochemical...
This manuscript was conducted to spotlight the toxic effect of two sub-lethal concentrations of Methomyl (Copter) LC (0.075 g/L) and LC (0.180 g/L) on some biochemical parameters and histological alterations for land snail (Muller, 1774). Land snails belong to the class and . This study cleared that both the used concentrations (of Copter) caused a significant increase for activities of three enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transaminase (AST) after 24, 48, and 72 h from exposure starting. In contrast, a total protein (TP) activity decreased at exposure for two concentrations at all lethality periods. Both concentrations of Copter (0.0.75 g/L and 0.180 g/L) have shown histological changes for land snail tissues after 96 h of exposure; digestive gland, hermaphrodite gland, foot, and mantle. Degeneration, rupture, and vacuolization for digestive cells have been shown; furthermore, hemolytic infiltration in connective tissue will be recognized for the digestive gland. The Oocyte and sperm show degenerated with deformation in the connective tissue of the hermaphrodite gland. Likewise, deformation in the muscle fiber layer of the foot in the land snail distorts the epidermis and mucus gland suffering from necrosis. Moreover, mantle shows rapture in epidermis layer, deformed in muscle fiber layer, and vacuolization and necrosis take place in mucus gland.
PubMed: 35531224
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.021