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Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024Pic, 1907 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the main pests of pomegranate and citrus trees. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of . The...
Pic, 1907 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the main pests of pomegranate and citrus trees. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of . The total length of the mitochondrial genome was 15,817 bp, and the entire content of GC was 27.8%. The genome encoded 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs). The phylogenetic tree showed that was clustered with and . These results will provide the genetic information for understanding the genetic evolution of and the insights to control cerambycid pests.
PubMed: 38895510
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2361682 -
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of was sequenced and annotated for the first time, which belongs to the subfamily Eurymelinae. The mitogenome of was...
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of was sequenced and annotated for the first time, which belongs to the subfamily Eurymelinae. The mitogenome of was 15,267 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one non-coding control region. In this mitogenome, all the PCGs are initially encoded by ATT, ATA, ATG, or TTG, and terminated by TAA, or single T. The overall base composition of is 43.6% adenines, 36.0% thymines, 9.1% guanines, and 11.3% cytosines. ML phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Idiocerini forms a monophyletic clade and the newly sequenced clustered within the Idiocerini clade based on 13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA genes.
PubMed: 38895509
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2366368 -
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024In this study, the mitogenome of (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera, Tachinidae) was sequenced based on the next-generation sequencing approach and analyzed here for the first...
In this study, the mitogenome of (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera, Tachinidae) was sequenced based on the next-generation sequencing approach and analyzed here for the first time. The 17,387 bp genome has a high A + T content and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one noncoding control region. The phylogenetic analysis results support that Exoristinae is monophyletic and belongs to the subfamily. This study reveals the systematic classification status of and will enrich the genetic data on Tachinidae.
PubMed: 38895508
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2363344 -
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024Prain 1906, a national second-class rare and endangered plant, is reported here for the first time for its complete chloroplast genome. The genome is 153,290 bp in...
Prain 1906, a national second-class rare and endangered plant, is reported here for the first time for its complete chloroplast genome. The genome is 153,290 bp in length, comprising a large single-copy region (LSC, 83,918 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,740 bp), and two inverted repeat sequences (IRa and IRb, each 25,816 bp). The overall GC content is 38.7%, with the IR region having the highest content (43.1%). The genome is annotated with 112 unique genes, including 4 rRNA genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 79 protein-coding genes. Analysis of codon usage bias reveals that codons ending in A/T account for 96.7% of those with a Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) value above 1. This predominance of A/T-ending codons might be indicative of adaptation to high-altitude environments. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a close kinship between and and , indicating that the ancestral groups of these species might have a complex evolutionary history. This study uncovers the genetic characteristics and adaptive evolution of , offering a new perspective in understanding the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. The findings not only provide a solid theoretical foundation for the conservation and sustainable use of this rare and endangered species but also offer significant scientific support for the conservation of biodiversity.
PubMed: 38895507
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2368208 -
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 2024In this study, a comprehensive analysis is presented on the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships of , an endemic species to the Irrawaddy...
In this study, a comprehensive analysis is presented on the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships of , an endemic species to the Irrawaddy drainage in southwestern China. The complete mitogenome sequence of was sequenced to be 16,860 bp long and encompassed 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and a non-coding control region. The overall AT content (61.1%) was much higher than GC content (38.9%). Phylogenetic analyses employing maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods on the complete mitogenomes, including and 13 other species, unveiled a close genomic relationship between and This work will contribute to the genetic resource enrichment and phylogenetic researches on genus .
PubMed: 38895506
DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2363367 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Land plant organellar genomes have extremely low rates of point mutation yet also experience high rates of recombination and genome instability. Characterizing the...
Land plant organellar genomes have extremely low rates of point mutation yet also experience high rates of recombination and genome instability. Characterizing the molecular machinery responsible for these patterns is critical for understanding the evolution of these genomes. While much progress has been made towards understanding recombination activity in land plant organellar genomes, the relationship between recombination pathways and point mutation rates remains uncertain. The organellar targeted homolog MSH1 has previously been shown to suppress point mutations as well as non-allelic recombination between short repeats in . We therefore implemented high-fidelity Duplex Sequencing to test if other genes that function in recombination and maintenance of genome stability also affect point mutation rates. We found small to moderate increases in the frequency of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in mitochondrial and/or plastid genomes of mutant lines lacking , , or . In contrast, and mutants did not exhibit an increase in point mutations compared to wild type (WT) controls. In addition, we analyzed the distribution of SNVs in previously generated Duplex Sequencing data from organellar genomes and found unexpected strand asymmetries and large effects of flanking nucleotides on mutation rates in WT plants and mutants. Finally, using long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we characterized structural variants in organellar genomes of the mutant lines and show that different short repeat sequences become recombinationally active in different mutant backgrounds. Together, these complementary sequencing approaches shed light on how recombination may impact the extraordinarily low point mutation rates in plant organellar genomes.
PubMed: 38895361
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597120 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Occludin (ocln) is one of the main regulatory cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ocln silencing resulted in alterations of the gene expression signatures of a...
Occludin (ocln) is one of the main regulatory cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ocln silencing resulted in alterations of the gene expression signatures of a variety of genes of the innate immunity system, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and the antiviral retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) signaling pathway, which functions as a regulator of the cytoplasmic sensors upstream of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). Indeed, we observed dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and autophagy in our system. Alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics and innate immune protection translated into worsened ischemic stroke outcomes in EcoHIV-infected ocln deficient mice. Overall, these results allow for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in the brain and describe a previously unrecognized role of ocln as a key factor in the control of innate immune responses and mitochondrial dynamics, which affect cerebral vascular diseases such as ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 38895303
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.598027 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024L-theanine, a unique non-protein amino acid, is an important bioactive component of green tea. Previous studies have shown that L-theanine has many potent health...
L-theanine, a unique non-protein amino acid, is an important bioactive component of green tea. Previous studies have shown that L-theanine has many potent health benefits, such as anti-anxiety effects, regulation of the immune response, relaxing neural tension, and reducing oxidative damage. However, little is known concerning whether L-theanine can improve the clearance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in organisms. Here, we reported that L-theanine treatment increased ATP production and improved mitochondrial morphology to extend the lifespan of UVC-exposed nematodes. Mechanistic investigations showed that L-theanine treatment enhanced the removal of mtDNA damage and extended lifespan by activating autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) in UVC-exposed nematodes. In addition, L-theanine treatment also upregulated the expression of genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism in UVC-exposed nematodes. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the possibility that tea drinking may prevent mitochondrial-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Glutamates; Ultraviolet Rays; Longevity; Mitochondria; DNA, Mitochondrial; Autophagy; DNA Damage; Mitophagy; Unfolded Protein Response; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Adenosine Triphosphate; Signal Transduction; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
PubMed: 38893565
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112691 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The composition of skeletal muscle fiber types affects the quality of livestock meat and human athletic performance and health. L-arginine (Arg), a semi-essential amino...
The composition of skeletal muscle fiber types affects the quality of livestock meat and human athletic performance and health. L-arginine (Arg), a semi-essential amino acid, has been observed to promote the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibers in animal models. However, the precise molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study investigates the role of Arg in skeletal muscle fiber composition and mitochondrial function through the mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo, 4-week C56BL/6J male mice were divided into three treatment groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with different concentrations of Arg in their drinking water. The trial lasted 7 weeks. The results show that Arg supplementation significantly improved endurance exercise performance, along with increased SDH enzyme activity and upregulated expression of the MyHC I, MyHC IIA, PGC-1α, and NRF1 genes in the gastrocnemius (GAS) and quadriceps (QUA) muscles compared to the control group. In addition, Arg activated the mTOR signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of mice. In vitro experiments using cultured C2C12 myotubes demonstrated that Arg elevated the expression of slow-fiber genes (MyHC I and Tnnt1) as well as mitochondrial genes (PGC-1α, TFAM, MEF2C, and NRF1), whereas the effects of Arg were inhibited by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Arg modulates skeletal muscle fiber type towards slow-twitch fibers and enhances mitochondrial functions by upregulating gene expression through the mTOR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Signal Transduction; Mice; Arginine; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Cell Line
PubMed: 38892371
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116184 -
Metabolic Profile and Lipid Metabolism Phenotype in Mice with Conditional Deletion of Hepatic BMAL1.International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The disruption of circadian rhythms (CRs) has been linked to metabolic disorders, yet the role of hepatic BMAL1, a key circadian regulator, in the whole-body metabolism...
The disruption of circadian rhythms (CRs) has been linked to metabolic disorders, yet the role of hepatic BMAL1, a key circadian regulator, in the whole-body metabolism and the associated lipid metabolic phenotype in the liver remains unclear. floxed () and hepatocyte-specific knockout () C57BL/6J mice underwent a regular feeding regimen. Hepatic CR, lipid content, mitochondrial function, and systemic metabolism were assessed at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 and ZT12. Relevant molecules were examined to elucidate the metabolic phenotype. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of disrupted the expression of rhythmic genes in the liver. mice exhibited decreased hepatic TG content at ZT0, primarily due to enhanced lipolysis, reduced lipogenesis, and diminished lipid uptake. The β-oxidation function of liver mitochondria decreased at both ZT0 and ZT12. Our findings on the metabolic profile and associated hepatic lipid metabolism in the absence of in hepatocytes provides new insights into metabolic syndromes from the perspective of liver CR disturbances.
Topics: Animals; ARNTL Transcription Factors; Lipid Metabolism; Mice; Liver; Circadian Rhythm; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Hepatocytes; Phenotype; Male; Metabolome; Gene Deletion; Lipogenesis
PubMed: 38892255
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116070