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Cureus Sep 2023is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and the environment. In adults, it is often associated with nosocomial...
is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and the environment. In adults, it is often associated with nosocomial infections, primarily surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, and hepatobiliary infections. It is a rare cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis, with fewer than 15 reported cases in the literature. The authors aim to present a case of a low birth weight preterm born at 28 weeks' gestation, who developed early-onset neonatal sepsis due to . We successfully treated the infection using a combination of third-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside, and in this report, we explain the rationale behind employing this antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 37868540
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45600 -
European Journal of Dentistry Feb 2024The hallmark of osteomyelitis was progressive bone destruction and sequestrum formation. In the underlying disease, like diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis becomes severe...
The hallmark of osteomyelitis was progressive bone destruction and sequestrum formation. In the underlying disease, like diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis becomes severe and exacerbates the condition. It was essential for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to comprehend its complex medical and surgical management to achieve complete disease eradication. The aim of this article was to report a rare case and comprehensive management of extensive sequestrating maxillary osteomyelitis with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients. A 58-year-old male patient with pain and swelling accompanied by discharge of pus in the sinistra maxilla region. The systemic disease was identified as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and had a history of unhealing wounds 1 year ago after upper left molar extraction. Computed tomography scan result showed extensive sequester formation and bony destruction in the right extending to the left maxilla. Microbial culture results were and Subsequently, extensive sequestrectomy and multiple extractions of the involved jaw and teeth were performed after diabetes mellitus was regulated. A suspension suture against oral and nasal mucosa was performed to avoid dead space formation. Comprehensive perioperative management in maxillary osteomyelitis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus includes sequestrectomy, definitive antibiotic therapy based on culture results, and diabetes regulation to improve the successful management of this case.
PubMed: 37848069
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771536 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023, a spoilage bacterium in fermented foods, produces harmful biogenic amines (BAs). Although is widely used to inhibit spoilage bacteria, the inhibition pattern and...
, a spoilage bacterium in fermented foods, produces harmful biogenic amines (BAs). Although is widely used to inhibit spoilage bacteria, the inhibition pattern and inhibition mechanism of by are not well studied. In this study, we analysed the effects of the addition of cell-free supernatant (CFS) on the growth and BA accumulation of and revealed the mechanisms of changes in different BAs by using RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis. The results showed that CFS could significantly inhibit BAs in a weak acid environment (pH 6), and the main changes were related to metabolism. Carbohydrate and energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated, indicating that CFS inhibited the growth activity and decreased the BA content of . In addition, the change in histamine content is also related to the metabolism of its precursor amino acids, the change in putrescine content may also be related to the decrease in precursor amino acid synthesis and amino acid transporter, and the decrease in cadaverine content may also be related to the decrease in the cadaverine transporter. The results of this study help to inhibit the accumulation of harmful metabolites in fermented foods.
PubMed: 37835277
DOI: 10.3390/foods12193625 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Sep 2023The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), has become a serious challenge for clinicians due to...
INTRODUCTION
The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), has become a serious challenge for clinicians due to limited therapeutic options. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase production among clinical isolates recovered from 352 samples collected in Tebessa hospital, Algeria.
METHODOLOGY
Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing and susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were screened for carbapenemase production using modified carba Nordmann-Poirel test, modified Hodge test and imipenem-EDTA combined disc test. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were detected using double-disk synergy test. Molecular characterization of carbapenemases and ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.
RESULTS
A total of 85 Gram-negative bacilli isolates were recovered mainly from urine samples and were identified as: Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.65%), Serratia odorifera (15.29%), Escherichia coli (12.94%), Raoultella ornithinolytica, Enterobacter cloacae (11.76%), Serratia marcescens (10.59%), Morganella morganii (7.06%), Proteus mirabilis (5.88%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.35%). All strains were resistant or intermediate to imipenem and/or ertapenem. ESBL, carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) phenotypes were detected in 19 (22.35%), 9 (10.59%) and 2 (2.35%) GNB isolates, respectively. PCR results in nine carbapenemase-producing GNB strains chosen showed the presence of one to four carbapenemase genes (blaGES, blaSME, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaSPM, blaOXA-48) in four strains; however, seven strains had at least one ESBL gene (blaTEM-1, blaCTXM-15, blaSHV).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we report the first incidence of blaNDM-1 gene in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from urine sample in Algeria.
Topics: Enterobacter cloacae; beta-Lactamases; Bacterial Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Imipenem; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37824354
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18031 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Sep 2023Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be...
INTRODUCTION
Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The effectiveness of the VITEK2 Compact automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), analytical profile index (API) and Remel RapID tests were compared in identification of bacteria isolated from the alpaca gastrointestinal tract.
RESULTS
Most isolates were Gram-positive, such as and and , , and ; ; ; ; ; , , and (the last only isolated manually by API Coryne and the VITEK2 system and (CBC) card). was misidentified by MALDI-TOF MS as (currently ). Gram-positive and Gram-variable were also isolated. Gram-negative , , and ; ; subsp. ; and ; , and ; subsp. ; ; ; ; ; and were also found. The yeasts and were also present.
CONCLUSION
MALDI-TOF MS enabled the identification of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens from the alpaca gut which may represent a high risk to human and animal health.
PubMed: 37786852
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051 -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery Aug 2023Compartment syndrome is a well-described clinical condition and is considered an orthopedic emergency affecting individuals of all ages. A typical scenario for acute...
Compartment syndrome is a well-described clinical condition and is considered an orthopedic emergency affecting individuals of all ages. A typical scenario for acute compartment syndrome involves lower limb fractures or crush injuries. However, physicians may occasionally encounter atypical presentations, defined as atypical compartment syndrome (ACS). A 38-year-old, left-handed male patient without any comorbidities developed ACS of the forearm and clinical presentation of sepsis after a small penetrating injury to his right forearm. He developed ACS secondary to infected hematoma and subsequent soft tissue infection caused by Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii. Both bacteria infected the patient by direct contamination after injury with a knife, resulting in multifloral contamination. The patient was successfully treated with reconstructive surgery. In conclusion, ACS secondary to this type of penetrating injury shows a subtle clinical course at the time of hospital admission and can insidiously progress from an infected hematoma, posing a serious threat to the limb or even cause mortality. Good extremity function without any disability can be achieved with an accurate diagnosis during the initial evaluation of the patient in the emergency department and prompt surgical intervention followed by appropriate reconstructive methods.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Coinfection; Compartment Syndromes; Forearm; Hematoma; Morganella morganii; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 37750284
DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1066 -
Cureus Jul 2023Drug resistance is very common in developing countries. Isolated cases of concomitant infection with , , and are rare. Furthermore, there is no report available in the...
Isoniazid Mono-Resistant Tuberculosis Presenting as Empyema Thoracis With Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii Infections: The World's First Reported Case of Its Type.
Drug resistance is very common in developing countries. Isolated cases of concomitant infection with , , and are rare. Furthermore, there is no report available in the literature of concurrent infection of and in an isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis patient. In this case, we present a concomitant infection with drug-resistant strains of , , and in a 40-year-old Indian male who presented with fever, dry cough, and chest pain. He was initiated on an isoniazid mono regimen and a broad-spectrum antibiotic, following the national guidelines.
PubMed: 37663992
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42767 -
BioMed Research International 2023In recent times, cervical dysbiosis which mostly causes and aggravates infections is highlighted for its role in immune modulation in cervical dysplasia, which promotes...
BACKGROUND
In recent times, cervical dysbiosis which mostly causes and aggravates infections is highlighted for its role in immune modulation in cervical dysplasia, which promotes the shifting of Th1 phenotype immunity to Th2 phenotype immunity. This study therefore estimated and compared the levels of circulatory IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-, and IFN- cytokines among adult women identified to have different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and with cervicovaginal infection.
METHODS
A total of 157 participants were recruited from the Akyemansa District of Ghana, and cervical swabs and blood samples were taken. The Pap smear test, microbiological culture, and ELISA were employed for cytology analysis, bacteria isolation, and identification and estimation of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-, and IFN- cytokines, respectively.
RESULTS
Overall, 14/157 (8.9%) had CIN with 7.6% having CIN 1 and 1.3% having CIN 2. The main predictor for CIN was age above 46 years (OR 11.16, 95% CI: 2.4-51.8). Bacterial vaginosis ( = 0.003) and Candida infection ( = 0.012) were significantly higher in CIN. Again, (60% vs. 17.6%, = 0.005) sp. (40.0% vs. 13.2%, = 0.017), and (40.0% vs. 4.4%, = 0.002) isolates were significantly higher in CIN-positive participants. IL-10 and TNF- concentrations were elevated in participants with CIN 1+ (TNF- NIL vs. CIN 1+ only, < 0.05) while IL-6 was decreased among participants with CIN 1+. In the presence of vaginal infection, TNF- decreased among CIN 1+ participants while IL-10 remained elevated.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study suggest that cervical dysbiosis causes immune suppression, which creates a suitable microenvironment for the development of CIN.
Topics: Female; Humans; Cytokines; Interleukin-10; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ghana; Dysbiosis; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37635942
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5129709 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Bioindicator species are used to assess the damage and magnitude of possible impacts of anthropic origin on the environment, such as the reckless consumption of...
Bioindicator species are used to assess the damage and magnitude of possible impacts of anthropic origin on the environment, such as the reckless consumption of antimicrobials. has several characteristics that make it a suitable bioindicator of marine pollution and of the presence of pathogens that cause diseases in humans. This study aimed to investigate the green sea turtle as a reservoir of resistant bacteria, mainly because is the most frequent sea turtle species in Brazilian coastal regions and, consequently, under the intense impact of anthropic factors. Free-living green sea turtles ranging from 42.8 to 92 cm (average = 60.7 cm) were captured from Itaipú Beach, Brazil. Cloaca samples (characterizing the gastrointestinal tract) and neck samples (representing the transient microbiota) were collected. Bacterial species were identified, and their was resistance associated with the antimicrobials cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. , , and were found resistant to cephalothin and and tetracycline-resistant isolates in cloaca samples. In neck samples, species resistant to tetracycline were sp., , and . This data reinforces that the green turtle is a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
PubMed: 37627688
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081268 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023NDM carbapenemase-encoding genes disseminate commonly among Enterobacterales through transferable plasmids carrying additional resistance determinants. Apart from the...
NDM carbapenemase-encoding genes disseminate commonly among Enterobacterales through transferable plasmids carrying additional resistance determinants. Apart from the intra-species dissemination, the inter-species exchange of plasmids seems to play an additional important role in the spread of . We here present the genetics related to the isolation of three species (, , and ) harboring the gene from a single patient in Greece. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to identify resistance genes and plasmids. harboring plasmids were found in all three isolates. Moreover, the plasmid constructs of the respective incomplete or circular contigs showed that the and its neighboring genes form a cluster that was found in all isolates. Our microbiological findings, together with the patient's history, suggest the in vivo transfer of the -containing cluster through three different species in a single patient.
PubMed: 37508302
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071206