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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases May 2024In December 2023, after decades of tireless advocacy from stakeholders and partners, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave noma the long overdue recognition as a...
In December 2023, after decades of tireless advocacy from stakeholders and partners, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave noma the long overdue recognition as a neglected tropical disease. The significance of this official recognition cannot be overstated, and it is hoped this will serve as a turning point in our battle against this devastating disease.
Topics: Neglected Diseases; Humans; World Health Organization; Tropical Medicine; Noma
PubMed: 38814853
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012177 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The oral cavity and gut tract, being interconnected and rich in microbiota, may have a shared influence on gingivitis. However, the specific role of distinct gut...
INTRODUCTION
The oral cavity and gut tract, being interconnected and rich in microbiota, may have a shared influence on gingivitis. However, the specific role of distinct gut microbiota taxa in gingivitis remains unexplored. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR) as an ideal method for causal inference avoiding reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we conducted a comprehensive two-sample MR study to uncover the potential genetic causal impact of gut microbiota on gingivitis.
METHODS
Instrumental variables were chosen from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with 418 gut microbiota taxa, involving 14,306 individuals. Gingivitis, with 4,120 cases and 195,395 controls, served as the outcome. Causal effects were assessed using random-effect inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. For replication and meta-analysis, gingivitis data from IEU OpenGWAS were employed. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q tests, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-Egger intercept tests. This study aimed to assess the genetic correlation between the genetically predicted gut microbiota and gingivitis using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC).
RESULTS
Three gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 id.11287) are predicted to causally contribute to an increased risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). Additionally, four gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG002 id.11360) potentially exhibit inhibitory causal effects on the risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). No significant evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy is detected. Our findings indicate a suggestive genetic correlation between class Actinobacteria id.419, class Bacteroidia id.912, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504 and gingivitis.
CONCLUSION
Our study establishes the genetic causal effect of 418 gut microbiota taxa on gingivitis, offering insights for clinical interventions targeting gingivitis. Subsequent research endeavors are essential to corroborate the findings of our present study.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Humans; Gingivitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Linkage Disequilibrium; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Actinobacteria
PubMed: 38812751
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380209 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Laser biostimulation therapy (LBT) is suggested to have positive effects on periodontal healing. This study evaluated LBT with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Adjunctive use of laser biostimulation with nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a split-mouth, randomized, case-control study in diabetic and nondiabetic periodontitis patients.
BACKGROUND/AIM
Laser biostimulation therapy (LBT) is suggested to have positive effects on periodontal healing. This study evaluated LBT with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic health (SH) conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty periodontitis patients (15 with DM and 15 with SH) were included in the study, which had a split-mouth design, by applying LBT in the mouth of the same systemic condition. Thus, 4 study groups were formed, as 1) NSPT - DM: NSPT alone in DM, 2) NSPT + LBT - DM: NSPT + LBT application in DM, 3) NSPT - SH: NSPT alone in SH, and 4) NSPT + LBT - SH: NSPT + LBT application in SH. NSPT was performed on days 15, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, and 65. LBT was performed 6 times on days 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, and 65 with an Nd:YAG laser. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed as the clinical parameters and recorded at baseline and days 30, 37, and 72. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-10 were evaluated by ELISA as the biochemical parameters at baseline and on days 30, 37, and 72.
RESULTS
Clinical parameters had improved in all of the groups on day 72 (p < 0.01). PPD and CAL improved more in the DM group with NSPT and LBT group than in the DM group with NSPT without LBT on day 37 (p < 0.05). IL-1β decreased and IL-10 increased in all of the groups on day 72 (p < 0.01). This change was more evident in the DM group with NSPT and LBT than in the DM group with NSPT without LBT on day 7 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
These results revealed the short-term impacts of LBT on periodontal healing, which return to ineffectiveness with repeated irradiation. Therefore, it may be speculated that LBT via the protocol herein may have a short-term antiinflammatory contribution to NSPT, only in impaired healing conditions such as DM.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Periodontitis; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Periodontal Index; Low-Level Light Therapy; Interleukin-1beta; Laser Therapy; Interleukin-10
PubMed: 38812655
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5797 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIM
Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and kefir consumption in initial periodontal therapy (IPT) on oral microbiota composition and treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in the Gazi University Department of Periodontology, including a sample size of 36 individuals and utilizing a randomized controlled design. Thirty-six patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: one receiving probiotic treatment, another receiving kefir, and a third serving as the control group. Obtaining subgingival microbial samples, we recorded plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (periodontal clinical indices) and then performed IPT. For 14 days, patients took either probiotics, kefir, or no supplements. Data for the first and third months were collected using periodontal clinical indices. DNA sequencing was performed to detect , , and in subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and three months.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed regarding periodontal clinical indices among groups in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, levels of were significantly decreased in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Kefir can be administered in addition to IPT, providing results similar to those observed with probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kefir; Tannerella forsythia; Periodontitis; Treponema denticola; Periodontal Index; Treatment Outcome; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38812644
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5798 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Periodontitis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that results in serious complications and mortality. However, the pathogenic role of periodontitis in the...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that results in serious complications and mortality. However, the pathogenic role of periodontitis in the development of T2D and the underlain mechanism have not been fully elucidated.
METHODS
A Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the causality between two diseases. Bioinformatics tools, including gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, were employed to analyze the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in periodontitis and T2D. MR and colocalization analyses were then utilized to investigate the causal associations between potential pathogenic gene expression and the risk of T2D. Single cell-type expression analysis was further performed to detect the cellular localization of these genes.
RESULTS
Genetically predicted periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of T2D (OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.117-1.930; P = 0.006) and insulin resistance (OR 1.034; 95%CI 1.001-1.068; P = 0.041). 79 common DEGs associated with periodontitis and T2D were then identified and demonstrated enrichment mainly in CXC receptor chemokine receptor binding and interleutin-17 signaling pathway. The integration of GWAS with the expression quantitative trait locis of these genes from the peripheral blood genetically prioritized 6 candidate genes, including 2 risk genes (RAP2A, MCUR1) and 4 protective genes (WNK1, NFIX, FOS, PANX1) in periodontitis-related T2D. Enriched in natural killer cells, RAP2A (OR 4.909; 95% CI 1.849-13.039; P = 0.001) demonstrated high risk influence on T2D, and exhibited strong genetic evidence of colocalization (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.632).
CONCLUSIONS
This study used a multi-omics integration method to explore causality between periodontitis and T2D, and revealed molecular mechanisms using bioinformatics tools. Periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of T2D. MCUR1, RAP2A, FOS, PANX1, NFIX and WNK1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-related T2D, shedding light on the development of potential drug targets.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Computational Biology; Periodontitis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38811930
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04408-1 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the combination technique of strip free gingival grafts (SFGG) and xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the combination technique of strip free gingival grafts (SFGG) and xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting the width of keratinized mucosa (KMW) around dental implants, and compare its efficacy with the historical control group (FGG).
METHODS
Thirteen patients with at least one site with KMW ≤ 2 mm after implant surgery were included and received SFGG in combination with XCM. Another thirteen patients with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria from the previous trial received FGG alone. The same outcomes as the previous trial were evaluated. KMW, thickness of keratinized mucosa (KMT), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline, 2 and 6 months. Postoperative pain, patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes were also assessed.
RESULTS
At 6 months after surgery, the combination technique could attain 3.3 ± 1.6 mm of KMW. No significant change could be detected in GI or PD at 6 months compared to those at 2 months (p > 0.05). The postoperative pain and patient satisfaction in VAS were 2.6 ± 1.2 and 9.5 ± 1.2. The total score of aesthetic outcomes was 3.8 ± 1.2. In the historical FGG group, 4.6 ± 1.6 mm of KMW was reported at 6 months, and the total score of aesthetic outcomes was higher than the combination technique (4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The combination technique of SFGG and XCM could increase KMW and maintain peri-implant health. However, this combination technique was associated with inferior augmentation and aesthetic outcomes compared with FGG alone.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR2200057670 on 15/03/2022.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Female; Male; Collagen; Middle Aged; Gingiva; Adult; Patient Satisfaction; Periodontal Index; Gingivoplasty; Keratins; Esthetics, Dental; Treatment Outcome; Pain, Postoperative; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 38811896
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04184-y -
BMC Oral Health May 2024This longitudinal study assessed the association between salivary protein composition and the clinical onset/severity of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with head and...
INTRODUCTION
This longitudinal study assessed the association between salivary protein composition and the clinical onset/severity of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with head and neck tumours treated with intensity-modulated-radiotherapy (IMRT).
METHODS
Saliva samples/clinical data were obtained from 40 head and neck cancer patients treated at Guy's Hospital before -IMRT(T0) and after-IMRT (T1 = 6 m, T2 = 12 m) (ethics approval/consent). Salivary flow rate, total protein concentration, and secretion rate were determined from saliva samples and compared with pre-treatment values. OM was assessed, total/specific salivary proteins, including mucin 5B and 7, IgA, cystatin-S, albumin, and α-amylase, were quantified.
RESULTS
95% patients experienced OM during IMRT, with 33 subjects reaching grade 2&3. At T1, there was a significant reduction in salivary flow rate, total protein secretion rate, α-amylase and cystatin-S compared to baseline. Remarkably IMRT did not significantly alter mucin 5B and 7, or the IgA secretion rate at any time point. At T1, all the analyzed proteins were associated with the OM outcomes. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between IgA concentration at T0 and the severity of OM during IMRT.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed significant associations between several salivary proteins and OM in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing IMRT. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The study contributes to the understanding of certain salivary proteins association with OM. This could be the first step towards identifying potential salivary markers that could offer perspectives for personalized medicine approaches to improve their quality of life (QoL).
RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the association between salivary proteins and the occurrence and severity of OM in head and neck cancer patients?
AIM
To assess the association between salivary protein composition with the clinical onset/severity of oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy.
NULL HYPOTHESIS
There is no association between salivary proteins and onset/severity of OM in HNC patients.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Stomatitis; Male; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Female; Middle Aged; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Aged; Saliva; Adult; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 38811865
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04400-9 -
Cell Death & Disease May 2024The tumor margin as the invasive front has been proven to be closely related to the progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, how tumor...
The tumor margin as the invasive front has been proven to be closely related to the progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, how tumor cells in the marginal region obtain the extra energy needed for tumor progression is still unknown. Here, we used spatial metabolomics and the spatial transcriptome to identify enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin of OSCC and identified that the downregulation of Ras-related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator (RRAD) in tumor cells mediated this process. The absence of RRAD enhanced the ingestion of glucose and malignant behaviors of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, the downregulation of RRAD promoted the internal flow of Ca and elevated its concentration in the nucleus, which resulted in the activation of the CAMKIV-CREB1 axis to induce the transcription of the glucose transporter GLUT3. GLUT inhibitor-1, as an inhibitor of GLUT3, could suppress this vigorous energy metabolism and malignant behaviors caused by the downregulation of RRAD. Taken together, our study revealed that enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin mediated by RRAD promotes the progression of OSCC and proved that GLUT3 is a potential target for future treatment of OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Energy Metabolism; Disease Progression; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice; Mice, Nude; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glucose Transporter Type 3; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Glucose; Calcium; Glycolysis
PubMed: 38811531
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06759-7 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024To systematically review the existing scientific literature in providing a comprehensive, quantitative analysis on the prognostic ability of Cancer Associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
To systematically review the existing scientific literature in providing a comprehensive, quantitative analysis on the prognostic ability of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) a novel meta-analysis.
METHODS
Review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO - CRD CRD42023467899. Electronic databases were searched for studies having data on effect of CAFs on overall survival rate and disease prognosis in patients with OSCC, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) compared to normal healthy controls. Quality assessment of included was evaluated through Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) for included studies through its domains. The hazard ratio (HR) and risk ratio (RR) was used as summary statistic measure with random effect model and p value <0.05 as statistically significant.
RESULTS
Twenty studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis and eighteen studies for meta -analysis. Included studies had moderate to low risk of bias. It was observed through the pooled estimate that overall survival rate - (HR) =2.30 (1.71 - 3.10) was lesser in group with high CAFs compared to low CAFs while pooled estimate through RR =1.53 (0.73 - 3.19) and RR = 5.72 (2.40 - 13.59) signified that overall survival rate was lower n OSCC patients with high CAF compared to patients with OED and healthy controls. Publication bias through the funnel plot showed asymmetric distribution with presence of systematic heterogeneity indicating presence of publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Abundance of CAFs in tumor stroma of OSCC patients is associated with overall poor survival rate and poor disease prognosis. CAFs acts as a good prognostic and therapeutic marker in disease progression and advancements and should be assessed early to reduce patient's mortality and morbidity.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Myofibroblasts; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Survival Rate; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38809619
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1477 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Jun 2024<b><br>Introduction:</b> We report our experience in the treatment of parotid cancers by radiotherapy delivered with curative intent over a period of...
<b><br>Introduction:</b> We report our experience in the treatment of parotid cancers by radiotherapy delivered with curative intent over a period of 10 years.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic results and prognostic factors.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> This is a retrospective study of patients with parotid cancer treated with radiotherapy between 2008 and 2017 at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Patients who received adjuvant or exclusive radiotherapy were included in this study. We performed a multivariate analysis for the factors related to locoregional control and overall survival.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> Initially, 74 patients (45 men and 29 women), at a median age of 57 years. were identified. At the time of diagnosis, 10 (13.6%), 36 (48.6%), and 28 (37.8%) patients were in stage II, III, and IVab, respectively. Sixty patients received adjuvant radiotherapy after parotidectomy and 14 patients received exclusive radiotherapy for an unresectable tumor. At 5 years, the rate of locoregional control and overall survival were 68.2% and 53.7%, respectively. Surgical resection and negative margins were significantly correlated with locoregional control. Lymph node involvement, unresectable tumors, high-grade histological types, and cystic adenoid carcinoma were significantly correlated with poor overall survival.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Acceptable long-term results are obtained with surgery combined with radiotherapy. Surgical resection remains essential for parotid cancer, given the disappointing results of treatment with radiotherapy alone.</br>.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Adult; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Treatment Outcome; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38808641
DOI: No ID Found