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Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research 2022To assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) keratitis and to evaluate their response to medical therapy.
PURPOSE
To assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) keratitis and to evaluate their response to medical therapy.
METHODS
Sixteen patients of NTM keratitis were retrospectively reviewed from May 2014 to May 2019. Laboratory diagnosis were made using Ziehl-Nielsen acid-fast staining, routine culture method of isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria and further identification of species by PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based DNA sequencing targeting the heat shock protein-65 () gene.
RESULTS
Sixteen patients of microbiologically proven NTM keratitis were included. The average age at the time of presentation was 43.56 years (range, 24-73 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 2.23 months. The commonest risk factor was injury with organic material (43.7) followed by ocular surgery (25%). The majority of the nontuberculous mycobacteria were (87.6%) followed by (6.2%) and (6.2%). The sensitivity showed maximum sensitivity to Amikacin (AMK; 100%) followed by Azithromycin (AZM; 85.7%), and Clarithromycin (CLR; 85.7%). Out of a total of 16 patients, 12 (75%) had total success with medical therapy while 4 (25%) required surgical intervention.
CONCLUSION
This study is focused on rapid and reliable identification of NTM keratitis through PCR-based identification method to enable effective medical management. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of different subspecies of NTM further reduced the need for surgical intervention. The effective role of AMK either alone or in combination with macrolide antibiotics is also highlighted in this study.
PubMed: 35765635
DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v17i2.10786 -
IJID Regions Jun 2022The aim was to isolate and identify the species of mycobacteria causing tuberculous-like (TB-like) lesions in cattle in Ghana.
OBJECTIVES
The aim was to isolate and identify the species of mycobacteria causing tuberculous-like (TB-like) lesions in cattle in Ghana.
METHODS
Between 2019 and 2020, 68 bovine tissue samples with TB-like lesions, identified during post slaughter examination, were obtained from four major abattoirs close to border towns in Ghana. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Isolated bacteria were characterized by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and observation for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) under a microscope. DNA was extracted from AFB-positive isolates, and mycobacterial speciation was performed by line probe assay using GenoType CM and also with mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing.
RESULTS
No was identified; however 53 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 41 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains and 12 were gram-positive bacteria. The predominant NTM species was (43.9%, 18/41), with the rest being , and .
CONCLUSIONS
In cattle, NTM contribute significantly to lesions observed during slaughter examination and may be an important cause of zoonotic tuberculosis. A One Health surveillance of NTM in Ghana would provide insights into their clinical significance.
PubMed: 35755480
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.02.004 -
IJID Regions Jun 2022Differentiation between non-tuberculous mycobacteria NTM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is crucial for case management with the appropriate...
OBJECTIVE
Differentiation between non-tuberculous mycobacteria NTM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is crucial for case management with the appropriate antimycobacterials. This study was undertaken in three West and Central African countries to understand NTM associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in the sub-region.
METHODS
A collection of 503 isolates (158 from Cameroon, 202 from Nigeria and 143 from Ghana) obtained from solid and liquid cultures were analysed. The isolates were tested for drug susceptibility, and MTBC were confirmed using IS. All IS-negative isolates were identified by 65-kilodalton heat shock protein () gene amplification, DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis.
RESULTS
Overall, the prevalence of NTM was 16/503 (3.2%), distributed as 2/202 (1%) in Nigeria, 2/158 (1.3%) in Cameroon and 12/143 (8.4%) in Ghana. The main NTM isolates included 5/16 (31.3%) , 2/16 (12.5%) and 2/16 (12.5%) Eight (57.1%) of the 14 previously treated patients harboured NTM (odds ratio 0.21, 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.77; =0.021). Three multi-drug-resistant strains were identified: and
CONCLUSION
NTM were mainly found among individuals with unsuccessful treatment. This highlights the need for mycobacterial species differentiation using rapid molecular tools for appropriate case management, as most are resistant to routine first-line antimycobacterials.
PubMed: 35755455
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.003 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful husbandry practices. Furthermore, it also represents zoonotic potential. Here we present the isolation and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine discarded breeding females with signs of disease were evaluated. The fish exhibited lethargy, loss of appetite, cachexia, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia. At necropsy, four fishes presented macroscopic granulomas in the spleen. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare and M. peregrinum were isolated and identified by hsp65 PCR restriction analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed microscopic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis, and Mycobacterium bacillus were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Notably, all Mycobacterium species identified in this study have already been reported in human patients; therefore, diseased animals may be a source of infection for people who handle fish and aquariums.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cichlids; Fish Diseases; Fresh Water; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
PubMed: 35674600
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262851 -
Cureus May 2022Background There has been an increase in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection reports in humans. Surgeons are concerned about the link between them and surgical...
Background There has been an increase in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection reports in humans. Surgeons are concerned about the link between them and surgical site infections. As a result, it has been challenging to determine just how common this illness is. A two-year study by the authors examines the occurrence of NTM infections after different surgical procedures. Design and methods Researchers at a tertiary care hospital in central India performed this prospective study over two years. NTM was found in six of the 25 instances of post-surgical wound infections. Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Auramine O-Rhodamine fluorescence staining, Multiplex Real-Time PCR, and Genotyping were used to identify the species. Results and were isolated from discharge in 2 cases each respectively. NTM isolates evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility pattern were all sensitive to Clarithromycin (100%). One case with prolonged healing had to be intervened with amikacin along with clarithromycin. Conclusion NTM is an infection of uncommon nature which can occur following surgical procedures. Identification of these organisms through sensitive techniques and appropriate therapeutic regimen formulation must be done to tackle this growing menace in health care setups.
PubMed: 35663658
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24701 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Apr 2022Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) refers to all mycobacteria except and , also known as environmental Mycobacterium. The patients with lung cancer and NTM are somewhat...
BACKGROUND
Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) refers to all mycobacteria except and , also known as environmental Mycobacterium. The patients with lung cancer and NTM are somewhat special; the two diseases are inevitably influenced by each other. It brings difficulties and challenges to the choice of treatment. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has been considered one of the pillars for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the clinical experience in the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors is scarce for lung cancer patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and lung cancer with NTM is even more rare. Although it ameliorates lung cancer, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors presents complications of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and NTM.
CASE SUMMARY
A 61-year-old male patient visited a doctor in May 2019. His admitting diagnoses were: (1) Cancer of the left lung with a pathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma, likely poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, clinical stage IIIb (T3N3M0); and (2) () infection. We chose to proceed with pembrolizumab treatment. After two treatment cycles, a chest computed tomography scan showed a new irregular subpleural mass in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe of the lung, a reduction in the mediastinal enlarged lymph node, and no other obvious changes. Next, an ultrasound-guided biopsy of the new tumor was performed. Pathological examination showed that a large number of carbon particles were deposited in the alveolar tissue with histiocyte reaction and multinucleated giant cell formation. The tuberculosis (TB) specialist suggested that anti-TB therapy be combined with continued antitumor treatment. The patient continued to be treated with pembrolizumab. After 14 cycles, the lesion shrunk by 79%, there was no recurrence of infection, and there were no intolerable adverse reactions.
CONCLUSION
We have observed that in cases of lung cancer complicated with infection, opportunistic pathogen infection recurrence can be overcome, and immunotherapy is most beneficial when TB doctors and oncologists cooperate to closely observe dynamic changes in and lung cancer. Treatment should be maintained with low dosage anti-TB drugs after general anti-TB chemotherapy for 1 year; this may prevent opportunistic pathogen infection recurrence during immunotherapy.
PubMed: 35647142
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i12.3801 -
World Journal of Orthopedics May 2022() is an emerging cause of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and different species of this organism may be responsible for the same.
BACKGROUND
() is an emerging cause of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and different species of this organism may be responsible for the same.
AIM
To evaluate the profile of hip and knee PJI cases as published in the past 30 years.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in PubMed using the MeSH terms "Prosthesis joint infection" AND "Mycobacterium" for studies with publication dates from January 1, 1990, to May 30, 2021. To avoid missing any study, another search was performed with the terms "Arthroplasty infection" AND "Mycobacterium" in the same period as the previous search. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses chart was used to evaluate the included studies for further review. In total, 51 studies were included for further evaluation of the cases, type of pathogen, and treatment of PJI caused by .
RESULTS
Seventeen identified were reportedly responsible for hip/knee PJI in 115 hip/knee PJI cases, whereas in two cases there was no mention of any specific () was detected in 50/115 (43.3%) of the cases. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) included (26/115, 22.6%), (10/115, 8.6%), (8/115, 6.9%), and (8/115, 6.9%). Majority of the cases (82/114, 71.9%) had an onset of infection > 3 mo after the index surgery, while in 24.6% (28/114) the disease had an onset in ≤ 3 mo. Incidental intraoperative PJI diagnosis was made in 4 cases (3.5%). Overall, prosthesis removal was needed in 77.8% (84/108) of the cases to treat the infection. Overall infection rate was controlled in 88/102 (86.3%) patients with PJI. Persistent infection occurred in 10/108 (9.8%) patients, while 4/108 (3.9%) patients died due to the infection.
CONCLUSION
At least 17 can be responsible for hip/knee PJI. Although is the most common causal pathogen, NTM should be considered as an emerging cause of hip/knee PJI.
PubMed: 35633748
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i5.503 -
Scientific Reports May 2022This study aimed to examine whether nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) inside household showerheads are identical to those in patients with NTM-pulmonary disease (PD)...
This study aimed to examine whether nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) inside household showerheads are identical to those in patients with NTM-pulmonary disease (PD) since household water is one of the potential NTM sources. Samples were obtained from 32 household showerheads of patients with NTM-PD recruited through the Pulmonary Outpatient Department at the Severance Hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. All isolates from patients with NTM-PD were diagnosed using a reverse-hybridization line probe assay based on the ropB gene. To determine the mycobacterial compositions, the washing fluids were collected and investigated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and NTM culture; suspected microbial isolates in these fluids and culture were identified using sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene. NTM species causing the PD in the patients were Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. fortuitum complex. The mycobacteria isolated from the showerhead were M. lentiflavum, M. gordonae, M. triplex, M. phocaicum, M. mucogenicum, M. florentinum, M. gilvum, M. llatzerense, and M. peregrinum. However, the species identified in the showerheads did not match those of the patients. Despite NTM species in the showerheads, clinical implications in the main pathogenesis associated with the disease in the patients studied were not elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Lung Diseases; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35606401
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12703-6 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2022Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging....
INTRODUCTION
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging. There is very little information on the prevalence of NTM drug resistance in Poland. This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of NTM, originally isolated from diseased ornamental fish.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 99 isolates were studied, 50 of them rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) (among which three-quarters were , , and and the rest , , , , , , and ). The other 49 were slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolates (among which only one was and the bulk and ). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (TOB), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) were determined.
RESULTS
The majority of the isolates were susceptible to KAN (95.95%: RGM 46.46% and SGM 49.49%), AMK (94.94%: RGM 45.45% and SGM 49.49%), CLR (83.83%: RGM 36.36% and SGM 47.47%), SMX (79.79%: RGM 30.30% and SMG 49.49%), CIP (65.65%: RGM 24.24% and SGM 41.41%), and DOX (55.55%: RGM 9.06% and SGM 46.46%). The majority were resistant to INH (98.98%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 48.48%) and RMP (96.96%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 46.46%).
CONCLUSION
The drug sensitivity of NTM varies from species to species. KAN, AMK, CLR and SMX were the most active against RGM isolates, and these same four plus DOX and CIP were the best drugs against SGM isolates.
PubMed: 35582485
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0011 -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2022Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is a bacterium, which can cause infections in many anatomical regions of the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, and...
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is a bacterium, which can cause infections in many anatomical regions of the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, and joints. This bacterium, which belongs to a group of bacteria known as nontuberculous mycobacteria, is regarded as an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide owing to its increasing antibiotic resistance. Recently, the antimicrobial effects of carbon nanotubes have been reported in numerous studies. These nanotubes can be very useful in drug delivery; besides, they exhibit unique properties against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) to reduce antibiotic resistance.
METHODS
In this study, antibacterial effects of nanofluids containing functionalized MWCNTs at initial concentration of 2 mg/mL and serial dilutions of 54, 28.5, 14.25, 7.12, 3.5 µg/mL, antibiotics alone and combination of nanofluids with antibiotics were investigated. Standard and resistant strains of M. fortuitum were obtained from the microbial bank of the Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran.
RESULTS
It was observed that nanofluid containing MWCNT-COOH can exert antimicrobial effects on M. fortuitum and significantly reduce bacterial resistance to antibiotics including kanamycin and streptomycin. In the presence of antibiotics and nanofluids containing MWCNT-COOH at a dose of 28.5 µg/mL, no growth was observed.
CONCLUSION
One of the main antimicrobial mechanisms of MWCNT-COOH is penetration into the bacterial cell wall. In this study, by using the nanofluid containing MWCNT-COOH with increased stability, the antibiotic resistance of M. fortuitum was significantly reduced at lower dilutions compared to the antibiotic alone.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Nanotubes, Carbon
PubMed: 35410123
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02523-z