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Alternative Therapies in Health and... May 2024Metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) is a promising technique for pathogen detection. However, the use of mNGS in pediatric lung infections is still rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE
Metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) is a promising technique for pathogen detection. However, the use of mNGS in pediatric lung infections is still rarely reported.
METHODS
A total of 59 cases were included between January 2019 and December 2021. To compare the performance of mNGS and routine detection in diagnosing pulmonary infection and identifying pathogenic bacteria.
RESULTS
59 children (33.90%) were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 15 were infected with adenovirus type 7 (25.42%), 11 were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.64%), 6 were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (10.17%), 5 were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, pertussis, and oral streptococcus (8.47%), 3 were infected with Haemophilus influenzae (5.08%), and 3 were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.08%). Among 59 patients, 41 were co-infected with multiple pathogens and 18 were infected with independent pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was most common in 6 out of 18 independent pathogen patients (33%). Among them were 3 cases of type 7 adenovirus, 53 cases of human herpesvirus (16.7%), and 2 cases of pertussis bacillus (11.1%). One case (5.6%) was infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus albicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In cases where routine testing results are negative, mNGS improves the diagnostic efficiency of mixed pulmonary infections. 17 cases (17/59=28.81%) were diagnosed as single infection through routine testing, and the mNGS results of 4 cases were consistent with routine testing, all of which were Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Three cases were tested for partial mNGS matching, of which one case tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody and tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and human infection γ Herpes virus type 4, one case tested positive for antibodies and tested for infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The routine examination results of the remaining 11 patients were inconsistent with the mNGS examination results. Two patients tested positive for Mycoplasma antibodies. Patient 17 presented with mNGS infection of Haemophilus, Neisseria, and adenovirus type 7, while another patient 18 presented with herpes virus type 5 infection.
CONCLUSION
mNGS is a promising technique for detecting co-pathogens in mixed pediatric lung infections, with potential benefits in terms of speed and sensitivity.
PubMed: 38702151
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024With amazing clinical efficacy, Yangyin Qingfei Decoction Plus (YQDP), a well-known and age-old Chinese compound made of ten Chinese botanical drugs, is utilized in...
With amazing clinical efficacy, Yangyin Qingfei Decoction Plus (YQDP), a well-known and age-old Chinese compound made of ten Chinese botanical drugs, is utilized in clinical settings to treat a range of respiratory conditions. This study examines the impact of Yangyin Qingfei Decoction (YQDP) on lung tissue metabolic products in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) model mice and examines the mechanism of YQDP in treating MP infection using UPLC-MS/MS technology. YQDP's chemical composition was ascertained by the use of Agilent 1260 Ⅱ high-performance liquid chromatography. By using a nasal drip of 10 CCU/mL MP bacterial solution, an SMPP mouse model was created. The lung index, pathology and ultrastructural observation of lung tissue were utilized to assess the therapeutic effect of YQDP in SMPP mice. Lung tissue metabolites were found in the normal group, model group, and YQDP group using UPLC-MS/MS technology. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA), the amount of serum inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was found. Additionally, the protein expression of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, NF-κB, and P-NF-κB was found using Western blot. The contents of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, forsythrin A, forsythrin, and paeonol in YQDP were 3.480 ± 0.051, 3.255 ± 0.040, 3.612 ± 0.017, 1.757 ± 0.031, and 1.080 ± 0.007 mg/g respectively. YQDP can considerably lower the SMPP mice's lung index ( < 0.05). In the lung tissue of YQDP groups, there has been a decrease ( < 0.05) in the infiltration of inflammatory cells at varying concentrations in the alveoli compared with the model group. A total of 47 distinct metabolites, including choline phosphate, glutamyl lysine, L-tyrosine, 6-thioinosine, Glu Trp, 5-hydroxydecanoate, etc., were linked to the regulation of YQDP, according to metabolomics study. By controlling the metabolism of porphyrins, pyrimidines, cholines, fatty acids, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, ferroptosis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, enrichment analysis suggested that YQDP may be used to treat SMPP. YQDP can lower the amount of TNF-α and IL-6 in model group mice as well as downregulate P-PI3K, P-AKT, and P-NF-κB expression ( < 0.05). A specific intervention effect of YQDP is observed in SMPP model mice. Through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways, YQDP may have therapeutic benefits by regulating the body's metabolism of α-Linoleic acid, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, arachidonic acid, and the production of unsaturated fatty acids.
PubMed: 38694915
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376812 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024is a well-recognized pathogen primarily associated with respiratory tract infections. However, in rare instances, it can lead to extrapulmonary manifestations,...
is a well-recognized pathogen primarily associated with respiratory tract infections. However, in rare instances, it can lead to extrapulmonary manifestations, including myocarditis. We present a case of a 15-year-old male who developed fulminant myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac electrical storm attributed to infection. He underwent a combination of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiac support, ultimately surviving despite the intracardiac thrombus formation and embolic stroke. Following comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation, he was discharged in stable condition. This case underscores the importance of considering atypical pathogens as potential etiological factors in patients presenting with cardiac complications, especially in the adolescents. It also emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance and effective support for potential cardiac complications arising from infection.
PubMed: 38689858
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1347885 -
The Clinical Respiratory Journal May 2024The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogens involved in persistent or recurrent pneumonia combined with airway malacia in children.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogens involved in persistent or recurrent pneumonia combined with airway malacia in children.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the information of children hospitalised with persistent or recurrent pneumonia, including clinical presentations, laboratory examination results and pathogens.
RESULTS
A total of 554 patients were admitted, 285 (51.44%) of whom were found to have airway malacia. There were 78 (27.37%), 166 (58.25%) and 41 (14.39%) patients with mild, moderate and severe malacia, respectively. Patients with airway malacia were younger than those without malacia (6.0 vs. 12.0 months, p < 0.01) and were more likely to present with wheezing (75.07%), fever (34.39%), dyspnoea (28.77%), cyanosis (13.68%) and wheezing in the lungs (78.95%). The incidence of preterm delivery, oxygen therapy, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mechanical ventilation was higher, and the hospital stay (11.0 vs. 10.0 days, p = 0.04) was longer in these patients than in those without malacia. Patients with severe airway malacia were more likely to undergo oxygen therapy, PICU admission, mechanical ventilation and have multiple malacia than were those with mild or moderate malacia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (30.18%) was the most common pathogen.
CONCLUSION
Severe airway malacia likely aggravates conditions combined with pneumonia. The proportion of multisite malacia was greater in severe airway malacia patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Infant; Recurrence; Child, Preschool; Pneumonia; Child; Respiratory Sounds; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Respiration, Artificial; Length of Stay; Dyspnea; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Severity of Illness Index; Hospitalization; Cyanosis
PubMed: 38685746
DOI: 10.1111/crj.13767 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) has a long and severe disease course, which seriously threatens to jeopardize patients' lives and health. Early...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) has a long and severe disease course, which seriously threatens to jeopardize patients' lives and health. Early prediction is essential for good recovery and prognosis. In the present study, we retrospect 128 children with MPNP and 118 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with pulmonary consolidation to explore the predictive value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in children with MPNP by propensity score matching method, multiple logistic regression analysis, dose-response analysis and decision curve analysis. The WBC count, PLT count and percentage of neutrophils were significantly higher in necrosis group than consolidation group. The serum CRP, PCT, ESR, D-D, FIB, ALT, LDH, IgG and IgM were significantly higher in necrosis group. Compared to consolidation group, necrosis group is more severe in chest pain and dyspnea. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of LDH levels, high fever, D-dimer, and fibrinogen were independent predictive factors for the incidence of MPNP. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that a non-linear dose-response relationship between the continuous changes of LDH level and the incidence of MPNP. Decision curve analysis revealed that LDH had an important clinical value in predicting MPNP. This study provides a potential serologic indicator for early diagnosis of MPNP.
Topics: Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Female; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Necrotizing; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Infant; Predictive Value of Tests; Biomarkers; Decision Support Techniques
PubMed: 38684810
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60359-1 -
Microbes and Infection Apr 2024A non-pathogenic Mycoplasma pneumoniae-based chassis is leading the development of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for respiratory diseases. However, reports...
A non-pathogenic Mycoplasma pneumoniae-based chassis is leading the development of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for respiratory diseases. However, reports connecting Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases to prior M. pneumoniae infections represent a concern for exploiting such a chassis. Galactolipids, especially galactocerebroside (GalCer), are considered the most likely M. pneumoniae antigens triggering autoimmune responses associated with GBS development. In this work, we generated different strains lacking genes involved in galactolipids biosynthesis. Glycolipid profiling of the strains demonstrated that some mutants show a complete lack of galactolipids. Cross-reactivity assays with sera from GBS patients with prior M. pneumoniae infection showed that certain engineered strains exhibit reduced antibody recognition. However, correlation analyses of these results with the glycolipid profile of the engineered strains suggest that other factors different from GalCer contribute to sera recognition, including total ceramide levels, dihexosylceramide (DHCer), and diglycosyldiacylglycerol (DGDAG). Finally, we discuss the best candidate strains as potential GBS-free Mycoplasma chassis.
PubMed: 38679229
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105342 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor...
Diagnostic values of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.
OBJECTIVE
Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP.
METHODS
In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay.
RESULTS
Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993).
CONCLUSIONS
Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.
Topics: Humans; Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; Female; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Prospective Studies; Child, Preschool; Chemokine CXCL10; Receptors, Immunologic; Biomarkers; Severity of Illness Index; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Infant; Sensitivity and Specificity; ROC Curve; Adolescent
PubMed: 38678873
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100361 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024Shortly after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cases of viral, bacterial, and fungal coinfections in hospitalized patients...
Shortly after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cases of viral, bacterial, and fungal coinfections in hospitalized patients became evident. This retrospective study investigates the prevalence of multiple pathogen co-detections in 1472 lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples from 229 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients treated in the largest intensive care unit (ICU) in Slovenia. In addition to SARS-CoV-2, (rt)RT-PCR tests were used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and atypical bacteria: , and spp. At least one co-detection was observed in 89.1% of patients. EBV, HSV-1, and CMV were the most common, with 74.7%, 58.1%, and 38.0% of positive patients, respectively. The median detection time of EBV, HSV-1, and CMV after initial SARS-CoV-2 confirmation was 11 to 20 days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tracheal aspirate (TA) samples showed equivalent performance for the detection of EBV, CMV, and HSV-1 in patients with both available samples. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a risk factor for latent herpesvirus reactivation, especially HSV-1, EBV, and CMV. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the clinical importance of these findings.
PubMed: 38674658
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040714 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and assess the outcomes in children with SMPP.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed children hospitalised for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between January and December 2022. Retrospectively, demographic, clinical, underlying diseases, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed. Disease severity was defined as severe or general according to the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2019 version).
RESULTS
Over a 12-month observation period, 417 children with MPP were enrolled, 50.6% (211/417) of whom had SMPP, with the peak incidence observed in winter. Of the 211 children with SMPP, 210 were treated and discharged with improvement, while one child with congenital heart disease died of cardioembolic stroke. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP had underlying diseases, extrapulmonary complications (myocardial and digestive system involvement), and bacterial co-infection. A total of 25 (12%) children with SMPP received mechanical ventilation. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 3 days. All children were treated with macrolide antibiotic. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP received antibiotic other than macrolides, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation, compared with patients with general MPP (GMPP). Children with SMPP had significantly higher levels of white blood cells, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells, compared with GMPP group.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that severely ill children have more pronounced inflammatory reaction and extrapulmonary complications. For effective management of children with SMPP, hormonal, prophylactic, anticoagulant therapy, as well as the use of antibiotics other than macrolides for bacterial co-infections, could be incorporated into treatment regimens.
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Retrospective Studies; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Macrolides; Infant; Severity of Illness Index; Community-Acquired Infections; Hospitalization; Respiration, Artificial; Adolescent; Coinfection
PubMed: 38671341
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09340-x