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BJR Case Reports May 2024Granular cell tumour is a rare, mostly benign, soft tissue, neuroectodermal tumour, most commonly seen in the skin and peripheral soft tissue. There are no publications...
Granular cell tumour is a rare, mostly benign, soft tissue, neuroectodermal tumour, most commonly seen in the skin and peripheral soft tissue. There are no publications to date of PSMA-PET avidity in a granular cell tumour. In this 60 year old male, staging PSMA-PET for a localized intermediate risk prostate cancer incidentally identified a PSMA-avid left supraspinatus lesion, which was subsequently biopsy-proven as a granular cell tumour. We present the first case of PSMA-avid granular cell tumour and add to the growing literature documenting PSMA-PET avidity in benign and malignant lesions apart from prostate cancer.
PubMed: 38846270
DOI: 10.1093/bjrcr/uaae015 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The role of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in the progression of cancer has been gradually discussed, but it needs further exploration. The objective of this study...
The role of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in the progression of cancer has been gradually discussed, but it needs further exploration. The objective of this study was to provide an in-depth analysis of skeletal muscle and fat in digestive malignancies and to construct novel predictors for clinical management. This is a retrospective study that includes data from Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University. Basic characteristic information was analyzed by T tests. Correlation matrices were drawn to explore the relationship between CT-related indicators and other indicators. Cox risk regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the overall survivals (OS) and various types of indicators. A new indicator body composition score (BCS) was then created and a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to analyze the efficacy of the BCS. Finally, a nomogram was produced to develop a scored-CT system based on BCS and other indicators. C-index and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy of the scored-CT system. A total of 575 participants were enrolled in the study. Cox risk regression model revealed that VFD, L3 SMI and VFA/SFA were associated with prognosis of cancer patients. After adjustment, BCS index based on CT was significantly associated with prognosis, both in all study population and in subgroup analysis according to tumor types (all study population: HR 2.036, P < 0.001; colorectal cancer: HR 2.693, P < 0.001; hepatocellular carcinoma: HR 4.863, P < 0.001; esophageal cancer: HR 4.431, P = 0.008; pancreatic cancer: HR 1.905, P = 0.016; biliary system malignancies: HR 23.829, P = 0.035). The scored-CT system was constructed according to tumor type, stage, KPS, PG-SGA and BCS index, and it was of great predictive validity. This study identified VFD, L3 SMI and VFA/SFA associated with digestive malignancies outcomes. BCS was created and the scored-CT system was established to predict the OS of cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Adipose Tissue; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Digestive System Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Muscle, Skeletal; Body Composition; Aged; Adult; ROC Curve; Proportional Hazards Models; Nomograms
PubMed: 38844600
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63806-1 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2024The purpose of this research was to compare two treatment techniques for oropharyngeal cancers: conventional linac-based static intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this research was to compare two treatment techniques for oropharyngeal cancers: conventional linac-based static intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) and helical tomotherapy (HT). The study examined several parameters, including target coverage, organs at risk, integral dose, and beam on time. Additionally, the study evaluated the doses to the parotid, temporomandibular joint, and pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which are important for swallowing.
METHOD
The present study retrospectively analyzed the data of 13 patients with oropharyngeal cancer who underwent radiotherapy between 2019 and 2021. The treatment plans for each patient were regenerated using both sIMRT and HT treatment planning systems with the sequential boost method. The techniques were evaluated and compared based on dose-volume histogram, homogeneity index, and conformity index parameters. The target coverage and organs at risk were statistically compared for two techniques. Additionally, the doses received by the healthy tissue volume were obtained for integral dose evaluation. The beam on time for each technique was assessed.
RESULTS
When considering planning target volume evaluation, there was no difference in D between the two techniques and sIMRT demonstrated higher D values compared to the HT. The HT technique had better results for all organs at risk, such as the parotid, temporomandibular joint, and pharyngeal constrictor muscle. As for integral dose, it has been shown that the sIMRT technique provides better protection compared to HT. In addition, the beam on time was also longer with the HT technique.
CONCLUSION
Both techniques may provide optimal target coverage for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. HT conferred notable advantages, especially with regard to critical structures implicated in swallowing, such as the parotid, temporomandibular joint, and pharyngeal constrictor muscle, in comparison to sIMRT.
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Parotid Gland; Radiotherapy Dosage; Organs at Risk; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Temporomandibular Joint; Male; Retrospective Studies; Pharyngeal Muscles; Female; Aged; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38841792
DOI: 10.1177/15330338241260646 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia May 2024This study aims to determine the effect of pelvic floor function exercise on the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with uterine fibroid surgery.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to determine the effect of pelvic floor function exercise on the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with uterine fibroid surgery.
METHODS
The clinical data of 188 patients who underwent uterine fibroid surgery in our hospital from February 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the nursing methods recorded in the data. The observation group received targeted nursing combined with pelvic floor function exercise based on routine intervention. General demographic data, disease and surgery-related characteristics of the patients were collected. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups. Lower urinary tract symptoms, pelvic floor function, pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life were compared between the two groups after matching.
RESULTS
A total of 130 patients were included in the two groups, and their baseline data were not statistically significant. At 3 months after the operation, the total incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms in the observation group (10.77%) was lower than that in the control group (30.77%, < 0.05). Before the intervention, the pelvic floor function, pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life scores of the two groups were basically the same ( > 0.05). At 3 months after the operation, the pelvic floor function score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, but the pelvic floor muscle strength index and quality of life score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted nursing combined with pelvic floor function exercise for patients with uterine fibroids surgery can prevent the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms and improve the pelvic floor function, pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life of patients and is thus worthy of promotion.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pelvic Floor; Leiomyoma; Retrospective Studies; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; Adult; Middle Aged; Uterine Neoplasms; Exercise Therapy; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38840276
DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247704.47 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024Uterine fibroids, benign tumors originating from uterine smooth muscle cells, vary in prevalence depending on patient ethnicity, hormonal exposure, and genetics. Due to... (Review)
Review
Uterine fibroids, benign tumors originating from uterine smooth muscle cells, vary in prevalence depending on patient ethnicity, hormonal exposure, and genetics. Due to their high incidence, these neoplasms pose a significant burden on healthcare systems. Current treatment strategies range from routine monitoring in asymptomatic cases to surgical procedures such as myomectomy or hysterectomy in symptomatic patients, with an increasing trend toward uterus-preserving or non-surgical alternatives. This review examines the existing medical treatments for uterine fibroids and delves into the potential of emerging therapies. A scoping review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Medical therapies are divided into hormonal and non-hormonal treatments; however, long-term, safe, and effective treatments in the treatment of uterine fibroids are limited. In addition to established therapies, there is an increasing number of studies investigating the effect of substances such as vitamin D or green tea extract on uterine fibroids. Some studies investigate acupuncture as a possible alternative therapy. While existing treatments offer symptomatic relief and preparation for surgery, our findings point to a significant need for further research into long-term solutions, especially owing to recent limitations in the use of ulipristal acetate due to risk of liver damage. Initial studies involving vitamin D and epigallocatechin gallate are encouraging; however, additional research is required to establish definitive therapeutic roles.
Topics: Humans; Leiomyoma; Female; Uterine Neoplasms; Vitamin D; Uterine Myomectomy; Acupuncture Therapy; Hysterectomy; Norpregnadienes
PubMed: 38837949
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943614 -
BMC Surgery Jun 2024Pancreatic cancer is often accompanied by wasting conditions. While surgery is the primary curative approach, it poses a substantial risk of postoperative complications,...
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer is often accompanied by wasting conditions. While surgery is the primary curative approach, it poses a substantial risk of postoperative complications, hindering subsequent treatments. Therefore, identifying patients at high risk for complications and optimizing their perioperative general condition is crucial. Sarcopenia and other body composition abnormalities have shown to adversely affect surgical and oncological outcomes in various cancer patients. As most pancreatic tumours are located close to the neuronal control centre for the digestive tract, it is possible that neural infiltration in this area deranges bowel functions and contributes to malabsorption and malnutrition and ultimately worsen sarcopenia and weight loss.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of CT scans was performed for pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical tumour resection at a single high-volume centre from 2007 to 2023. Sarcopenia prevalence was assessed by skeletal muscle index (SMI), and visceral obesity was determined by the visceral adipose tissue area (VAT). Obesity and malnutrition were determined by the GLIM criteria. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as simultaneous sarcopenia and obesity. Postoperative complications, mortality and perineural tumour invasion, were compared among patients with body composition abnormalities.
RESULTS
Of 437 patients studied, 46% were female, the median age was 69 (61;74) years. CT analysis revealed 54.9% of patients with sarcopenia, 23.7% with sarcopenic obesity and 45.9% with visceral obesity. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were more prevalent in elderly and male patients. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 67.7% of patients, most of which were mild (41.6%). Severe complications occurred in 22.7% of cases and the mortality rate was 3.4%. Severe postoperative complications were significantly more common in patients with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity. Visceral obesity or malnutrition based on BMI alone, did not significantly impact complications. Perineural invasion was found in 80.1% of patients and was unrelated to malnutrition or body composition parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first and largest study evaluating the associations of CT-based body mass analysis with surgical outcome and histopathological perineural tumour invasion in pancreatic cancer patients. The results suggest that elderly and male patients are at high risk for sarcopenia and should be routinely evaluated by CT before undergoing pancreatic surgery, irrespective of their BMI. Confirmation of the results in prospective studies is needed to assess if pancreatic cancer patients with radiographic sarcopenia benefit from preoperative amelioration of muscle mass and function by exercise and nutritional interventions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Body Composition; Sarcopenia; Postoperative Complications; Pancreatectomy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Obesity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38835067
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02457-5 -
PloS One 2024Xenoestrogens are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals capable of altering the endocrine system of humans and animals owing to their molecular similarity to...
BACKGROUND
Xenoestrogens are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals capable of altering the endocrine system of humans and animals owing to their molecular similarity to endogenous hormones. There is limited data regarding their effects on women´s health. Chronic exposure to xenoestrogens can promote the development of estrogen-related diseases.
OBJECTIVES
To examine xenoestrogen concentration (TEXB-α) differences between women with leiomyomas or endometriosis and control women, and to study the relationship between the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients and their xenoestrogen levels.
METHODS
Prospective case-control study. We selected 221 women who underwent surgery at Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The cases included 117 patients: 74 women who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyomas, 21 with endometriosis, and 22 with both pathologies. The control group comprised 104 healthy women who underwent surgical procedures for other reasons. TEXB-α was determined in the omental fat of all patients. Using a questionnaire and reviewing the patients' medical records, we collected sociodemographic data and other relevant variables.
RESULTS
A significant majority of study participants (68.8%) had detectable levels of xenoestrogens. We found no association between TEXB-α levels in omental fat and the presence of myomas or endometriosis. In the case group, women living or working in Madrid Community exhibited, on average, 3.12 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α compared to those working in other areas (p = 0.030). Women who referred to the use of estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives had, on average, 3.02 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α than those who had never used them (p = 0.022).
CONCLUSIONS
This study found no association between omental xenoestrogen levels and leiomyomas or endometriosis. However, their presence in most participants and their association with highly polluted areas emphasizes the importance of limiting environmental exposure to these substances. We also identified an association between hormonal contraceptive use and xenoestrogen concentration.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Leiomyoma; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Uterine Neoplasms; Estrogens
PubMed: 38833439
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304766 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jun 2024Cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(ERMS) is a rare malignancy. To date, no cases of ERMS diagnosed by cervical cytology have been reported. In this study, we report a... (Review)
Review
Cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(ERMS) is a rare malignancy. To date, no cases of ERMS diagnosed by cervical cytology have been reported. In this study, we report a case of cervical ERMS identified by a liquid-based cytology test and cell blocks in a 46-year-old postmenopausal woman. We describe the cytological features of ERMS, with the aim of helping cytopathologists recognize this rare cervical tumor.
Topics: Humans; Female; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Cervix Uteri; Cytodiagnosis
PubMed: 38831464
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01497-y -
International Journal of Medical... 2024Uterine leiomyomas (ULM) are the most common benign tumors of the female genitalia, while uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) are rare. The sarcoma is diffuse growth, prone... (Review)
Review
Uterine leiomyomas (ULM) are the most common benign tumors of the female genitalia, while uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) are rare. The sarcoma is diffuse growth, prone to hematogenous metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Due to their similar clinical symptoms and morphological features, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them, and the final diagnosis depends on histological diagnosis. Misdiagnosis of ULM as ULMS will lead to more invasive and extensive surgery when it is not needed, while misdiagnosis of ULMS as ULM may lead to delayed treatment and poor prognosis. This review searched and studied the published articles on ULM and ULMS, and summarized the potential markers for the differential diagnosis of ULMS. These markers will facilitate differential diagnosis and personalized treatment, providing timely diagnosis and potentially better prognosis for patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Leiomyoma; Uterine Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Leiomyosarcoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis
PubMed: 38818470
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.93464 -
Clinical Science (London, England :... Jun 2024Our previous studies indicated that there is overexpression of MIAT in fibroids and MIAT is a sponge for the miR-29 family in these tumors. The objective of the present...
Our previous studies indicated that there is overexpression of MIAT in fibroids and MIAT is a sponge for the miR-29 family in these tumors. The objective of the present study was to determine if the knockdown of MIAT in fibroid xenografts will increase miR-29 levels and reduce the expression of genes targeted by this miRNA such as collagen and cell cycle regulatory proteins in a mouse model for fibroids. Ovariectomized CB-17 SCID/Beige mice bearing estrogen/progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously in the flank with equal weight of fibroid explants which had been transduced by lentivirus for either control (empty vector) or MIAT knockdown for four weeks (n=7). Knockdown of MIAT in fibroid xenografts resulted in a 30% reduction of tumor weight and a marked increase in miR-29a, -b, and -c levels in the xenografts. There was reduced cell proliferation and expression of cell cycle regulatory genes CCND1, CDK2, and E2F1 and no significant changes in apoptosis. The xenografts with MIAT knockdown expressed lower mRNA and protein levels of FN1, COL3A1, and TGF-β3, and total collagen protein. Targeting MIAT, which sponges the pro-fibrotic miR-29 family, is an effective therapy for fibroids by reducing cell proliferation and thereby, tumor growth and accumulation of ECM, which is a hallmark of these benign gynecologic tumors.
Topics: Animals; Leiomyoma; Female; RNA, Long Noncoding; MicroRNAs; Humans; Cell Proliferation; Uterine Neoplasms; Mice, SCID; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38817011
DOI: 10.1042/CS20240190