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Frontiers in Microbiology 2021A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple...
A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple heavy metal tolerance ability and had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 mg L of Cd. Growth kinetics, biosorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies on BB12 in the presence of Cd suggested biosorption as primary mode of interaction. SEM and TEM studies revealed surface deposition of Cd. FTIR spectra indicated nitrogen atom in exopolysaccharides secreted by BB12 to be the main site for Cd attachment. The potential of BB12 to alleviate the impact of Cd toxicity in spinach plants ( L.) var. F1-MULAYAM grown in the soil containing Cd at 25, 50, and 75 mg kg was evaluated. Without bacterial inoculation, plants showed delayed germination, decrease in the chlorophyll content, and stunted growth at 50 and 75 mg kg Cd content. Bacterial inoculation, however, resulted in the early germination, increased chlorophyll, and increase in shoot (28.33%) and root fresh weight (72.60%) at 50 mg kg of Cd concentration after 75 days of sowing. Due to bacterial inoculation, elevated proline accumulation and lowered down superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was observed in the Cd-stressed plants. The isolate BB12 was capable of alleviating Cd from the soil by biosorption as evident from significant reduction in the uptake/translocation and bioaccumulation of Cd in bacteria itself and in the plant parts of treated spinach. Potential PGP prospects and heavy metal bioremediation capability of BB12 can make the environmental application of the organism a promising approach to reduce Cd toxicity in the crops grown in metal-contaminated soils.
PubMed: 35140690
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758144 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2021Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first...
BACKGROUND
Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first identified case of Ochrobactrum intermedium was reported in 1998 in a liver transplantation patient with liver abcess. There are no reports of infections in pediatric patients. Here, we report the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A two and a half years old male was admitted with fever, chills and nausea. He had been diagnosed as pineoblastoma and underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy. O. intermedium was isolated from his blood cultures and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), however, the Vitek II automated system failed to identify the organism. Then the pathogen was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing and average nucleotide identity result (ANI) confirmed the precise identification of O. intermedium at genomic level. In addition, the patient recovered well after antibiotic combined therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
This, to our knowledge, is the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient with malignant tumor. Traditional biochemical identification methods such as API 20NE or VITEK2 system cannot differentiate O. anthropi and O. intermedium. MALDI-TOF may be a promising tool for rapid identification of microorganisms such as O. intermedium.
Topics: Bacteremia; Child, Preschool; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Ochrobactrum
PubMed: 34906070
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06938-3 -
Cureus Apr 2021species are gram-negative, non-lactose fermenting, aerobic bacilli closely related to genus. () is an emergent human pathogen that is difficult to differentiate from...
species are gram-negative, non-lactose fermenting, aerobic bacilli closely related to genus. () is an emergent human pathogen that is difficult to differentiate from other species by conventional methods. It is known to infect immunocompromised hosts, has the propensity for abscess formation, and is known for its multidrug resistance. We describe the case of an 84-year-old woman with a background of primary sclerosing cholangitis who presented with fatigue, fever, and syncope. Blood cultures grew . Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were consistent with cholangitis. Cultures from the biliary duct confirmed the same microorganism. The patient was successfully treated with minocycline. Although rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with biliary and gut pathology, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 34046280
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14648 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Quorum quenching (QQ) is a promising strategy for preventing and controlling quorum sensing (QS)-mediated bacterial infections. It interferes with QS by the inhibition...
Quorum quenching (QQ) is a promising strategy for preventing and controlling quorum sensing (QS)-mediated bacterial infections. It interferes with QS by the inhibition of signal synthesis, the detection of enzyme-catalyzed degradation, and the modification of signals. -Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) represent a family of widely conserved QS signals involved in the regulation of virulence factor production in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. In this study, AHL-degrading bacterial strains were isolated, and the most efficient one was evaluated for its potential against QS-mediated pathogens. Results showed that an AHL-degrading bacteria D-2 effectively attenuated maceration produced by the pathogen subsp. (Pcc) on radish and potato slices. Strain D-2 exhibited a superior AHL degradation activity and efficiently degraded various AHLs, including -hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6HSL), -(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC6HSL), -(3-oxooctanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC8HSL), and -(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12HSL). Analysis of the degradation products of AHL by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of -cyclohexyl-propanamide and propanamide as the main intermediate products, suggesting that AHL was degraded by hydrolysis. Annotation and analysis of the whole genome sequence of strain D-2 revealed the presence of an AHL-lactonase, termed AidF. Moreover, the application of strain D-2 was able to substantially reduce the disease severity caused by Pcc on host plants. These results reveal the biochemical basis of a highly efficient AHL-degrading bacterial isolate and present the potential to attenuate Pcc virulence through QQ.
PubMed: 32457732
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00898 -
Poultry Science Apr 2020This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota of broiler chickens...
Dietary l-arginine supplementation ameliorates inflammatory response and alters gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota of broiler chickens subjected to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. One hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres male birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including diet treatment (with or without 0.3% Arg supplementation) and immunological stress (with or without S. typhimurium challenge). Samples were obtained at 7 D after infection (day 23). Results showed that S. typhimurium challenge caused histopathological and morphological damages, but Arg addition greatly reduced these intestinal injuries. S. typhimurium challenge elevated the levels of serum inflammatory parameters, including diamine oxidase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITNF) homolog. However, Arg supplementation decreased the serum procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and LITNF concentration. S. typhimurium challenge significantly increased jejunal IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 mRNA expression and tended to upregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, but Arg supplementation remarkably reduced IL-8 mRNA expression, tended to downregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, and dramatically elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA expression. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rDNA indicated that the population of Proteobacteria phylum; Enterobacteriaceae family; Escherichia-Shigella, and Nitrosomonas genera; and Escherichia coli and Ochrobactrum intermedium species were more abundant, but the population of Rhodocyclaceae and Clostridiaceae_1 families and Candidatus Arthromitus genus were less abundant in the ileal digesta of birds with only S. typhimurium infection when compared with the controls. Treatment with Arg in birds subjected to S. typhimurium challenge increased the abundances of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridiaceae_1 family, Methylobacterium and Candidatus Arthromitus genera but decreased the abundance of Nitrosomonas genus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum and Rubrobacter xylanophilus species as compared with the only S. typhimurium-challenged birds. In conclusion, Arg supplementation can alleviate intestinal mucosal impairment by ameliorating inflammatory response and modulating gut microbiota in broiler chickens challenged with S. typhimurium.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Arginine; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Intestines; Male; Poultry Diseases; Random Allocation; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 32241466
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.049 -
Access Microbiology 2019Wastewater has become a potential habitat for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The present study aims to screen for the presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in sewage...
Wastewater has become a potential habitat for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The present study aims to screen for the presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in sewage water samples collected from hospital and non-hospital sources. From a total of 19 sewage water samples collected, 100 carbapenem-resistant non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (CR-NF-GNB) were isolated using MacConkey agar cultured with 8 mg l of meropenem. On screening for beta-lactamase resistance genes ( , , , and ), one isolate, , was found to carry the plasmid-borne gene. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first report of the rare and emerging opportunistic pathogen encoding the OXA-181 gene in its plasmid.
PubMed: 32974517
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000024 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Mar 2019A total of 226 sugarcane rhizosphere-associated bacterial strains from the six different cultivars were screened against three pathogenic strains of (cfNAV, cfCHA, and...
A total of 226 sugarcane rhizosphere-associated bacterial strains from the six different cultivars were screened against three pathogenic strains of (cfNAV, cfCHA, and cf8436) for the suppression of red rot disease. On the basis of mycelial growth inhibition in dual culture assay, 26 bacteria were selected for further characterization of morphology, biochemical activity, plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activity, antifungal potential and molecular identity by 16S rRNA gene sequence. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it was found that the isolates belonged to proteobacteria (13), Firmicutes (10), and Bacteroides (3). The antagonistic bacteria tested for PGP traits revealed that 10 strains were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate, 11 strains were able to produce siderophore, and 14 strains were able to grow in the N-free medium. The quantitative estimation of indole-3-acetic acid production was ranged from 21.58 to 66.31 μg/mL. On the basis of PGP and biocontrol traits, five strains (TRD14), sp. (PK9), sp. (RSC29 and KR91) and sp. (VRE34) were further chosen for pot trial under greenhouse conditions on highly susceptible variety . The results showed that the pathogen-inoculated sugarcane plants were able to germinate but died within one month. However, the inoculated with selected biocontrol strains found protected from disease and an increase in plant growth parameters on par with carbendazim fungicides. This study proves that the isolates identified in this study could be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides to control red rot pathogen of sugarcane plants.
PubMed: 30847287
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00317 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Sep 2017Alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacteria are very interested at detergent applications, not only because of their eco-friendly characterize, but...
BACKGROUND
Alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacteria are very interested at detergent applications, not only because of their eco-friendly characterize, but alsoproduction lipase and biosurfactant by using cheap materials. Ochrobactrum intermedium strain MZV101 was isolated as washing powder resistant, alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacterium in order to use at detergent applications.
METHODS
O. intermedium strain MZV101 produces was lipase and biosurfactant in the same media with pH 10 and temperature of 60 °C. Washing test and some detergent compatibility character of lipase enzyme and biosurfactant were assayed. The antimicrobial activity evaluated against various bacteria and fungi.
RESULTS
Lipase and biosurfactant produced by O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited high stability at pH 10-13 and temperature of 70-90 °C, biosurfactant exhibits good stability at pH 9-13 and thermostability in all range. Both lipase and biosurfactant were found to be stable in the presence of different metal ions, detergents and organic solvents. The lipase enzyme extracted using isopropanol with yield of 69.2% and biosurfactant with ethanol emulsification index value of 70.99% and yield of 9.32 (g/l). The single band protein after through from G-50 Sephadex column on SDS-PAGE was calculated to be 99.42 kDa. Biosurfactant O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and against various bacterial pathogens. Based upon washing test biosurfactant and lipase O. intermedium strain MZV101considered being strong oil removal.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that isolated lipase and biosurfactant with strong oil removal, antimicrobial activity and good stability could be useful for detergent applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Detergents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Ochrobactrum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Solvents; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 28923075
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0565-8 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2017The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain...
The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical broth medium for detergent applications. Environmental factor pH determined to be most mutual significant variables on production. A high concentration of molasses at high temperature and pH has a negative effect on lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101. The chosen mathematical method of medium optimization was sufficient for improving the industrial production of lipase and biosurfactant by bacteria, which were respectively increased 3.46- and 1.89-fold. The duration of maximum production became 24 h shorter, so it was fast and cost-saving. In conclusion, lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical culture medium at pH 10.5-11 and 50-60 °C, with 1 g/L of molasses, seemed to be economical, fast, and effective for the enhancement of yield percentage for use in detergent applications.
Topics: Culture Media; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Microbiology; Lipase; Molasses; Ochrobactrum; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 28891975
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091460 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in...
and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in these genera which might be important for survival and virulence. Previous studies on lysogeny indicated that active phages are rare in this genus. To gain insight into the presence and nature of prophages in , temperate phages were isolated from various species and characterized in detail. analyses disclosed numerous prophages in published genomes. Induction experiments showed that prophages can be induced by various stress factors and that some strains released phage particles even under non-induced conditions. Sixty percent of lysates prepared from 125 strains revealed lytic activity. The host range and DNA similarities of 19 phages belonging to the families , or were determined suggesting that they are highly diverse. Some phages showed relationship to the temperate phage BiPB01. The genomic sequences of the myovirus POA1180 (41,655 bp) and podovirus POI1126 (60,065 bp) were analyzed. Phage POA1180 is very similar to a prophage recently identified in a strain isolated from an exotic frog. The POA1180 genome contains genes which may confer resistance to chromate and the ability to take up sulfate. Phage POI1126 is related to podoviruses of (PCB5), (Pep14), and (BcepIL02) and almost identical to an unnamed plasmid of the strain LMG 3301. Further experiments revealed that the POI1126 prophage indeed replicates as an extrachromosomal element. The data demonstrate for the first time that active prophages are common in and suggest that atypical brucellae also may be a reservoir for temperate phages.
PubMed: 28713341
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01207