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Microorganisms May 2024() poses a significant threat to food safety due to its ability to cause severe human illness and its resistance to various antibiotics and environmental conditions....
() poses a significant threat to food safety due to its ability to cause severe human illness and its resistance to various antibiotics and environmental conditions. This study investigated the prevalence, serotype distribution, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of in ready-to-eat (RTE) food products from Romania. A total of 8151 samples were analyzed, including various processed dairy, bovine, poultry, pork, and fish products. Bacterial isolation was conducted using the classical standard method, followed by confirmation through biochemical and molecular testing. Among the isolated strains, serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c were identified, with a prevalence of 75% for serotype 1/2a. Additionally, virulence genes specific to listeriolysin O (A) and regulatory factor A (A) were detected in all isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed varying resistance patterns among the strains. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oxacillin showed the highest prevalence of resistance at 26.92% and 23.07%, respectively. However, all strains remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Notably, 23.07% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with the most common pattern being resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes identified tetracycline resistance genes, particularly (C), (M), and (K), in a significant proportion of isolates. The presence of C and D genes was also notable, indicating potential mechanisms of resistance. These results emphasize the necessity for ongoing surveillance of in RTE foods and emphasize the importance of thorough monitoring of antimicrobial resistance to guide public health strategies within the European Union.
PubMed: 38792784
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050954 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024With the rising incidence of various diseases in China and the constant development of the pharmaceutical industry, there is a growing demand for floxacin-type...
With the rising incidence of various diseases in China and the constant development of the pharmaceutical industry, there is a growing demand for floxacin-type antibiotics. Due to the large-scale production and high cost of waste treatment, the parent drug and its metabolites constantly enter the water environment through domestic sewage, production wastewater, and other pathways. In recent years, the pollution of the aquatic environment by floxacin has become increasingly serious, making the technology to degrade floxacin in the aquatic environment a research hotspot in the field of environmental science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of porous material, have attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, four photocatalytic materials, MIL-53(Fe), NH-MIL-53(Fe), MIL-100(Fe), and g-CN, were synthesised and applied to the study of the removal of ofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Among them, the MIL-100(Fe) material exhibited the best photocatalytic effect. The degradation efficiency of ofloxacin reached 95.1% after 3 h under visible light, while enrofloxacin was basically completely degraded. The effects of different materials on the visible photocatalytic degradation of the floxacin were investigated. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism of enrofloxacin and ofloxacin was revealed by the use of three trappers (▪O, h, and ▪OH), demonstrating that the role of ▪O promoted the degradation effect of the materials under photocatalysis.
Topics: Metal-Organic Frameworks; Catalysis; Quinolones; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Photolysis; Light; Ofloxacin; Photochemical Processes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enrofloxacin
PubMed: 38792155
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102294 -
Veterinary Sciences May 2024A bacterium was isolated and identified from the secretion of a rhesus monkey with endometritis. The morphological results showed that the strain exhibited round,...
A bacterium was isolated and identified from the secretion of a rhesus monkey with endometritis. The morphological results showed that the strain exhibited round, convex, gray-white colonies with smooth surfaces and diameters ranging from 1 to 2 mm when cultured on Columbia blood agar at 37 °C for 24 h; on salmonella-shigella agar (S.S.) at 37 °C for 24 h, the colonies appeared round, flat, and translucent. Gram staining showed negative results with blunt ends and non-spore-forming characteristics. Molecular biology results showed that the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain revealed over 96.9% similarity with published sequences of from different sources in the NCBI GenBank database. Morphological and molecular biology analysis confirmed that the strain (RM2023) isolated from cervical secretions of rhesus monkey was . Drug sensitivity testing demonstrated that the isolated strain (RM2023) was sensitive to ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin, and tetracycline; moderately sensitive to ampicillin; and resistant to penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. The research findings provide valuable insights for disease prevention in rhesus monkeys and contribute to molecular epidemiological studies.
PubMed: 38787195
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050223 -
Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024To determine the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant emerging pathogens, , and its associated risk factors in tertiary care setups of Pakistan. This cross-sectional...
To determine the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant emerging pathogens, , and its associated risk factors in tertiary care setups of Pakistan. This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020, to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of strains isolated from 450 stool specimens of patients suffering from diarrhea hospitalized in tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. The stool samples of the patients were processed for culture and detection of toxin A and toxin B by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR. The drug sensitivity test was performed for antibiotics including ampicillin, cefixime, cefepime, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulpha/TMP (SXT), chloramphenicol, metronidazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and imipenem. Of 450 stool specimens, 108 (24%) were positive for by stool culture, whereas 115 (25.5%) were only positive for toxins based on ELISA and PCR (128 (28.6%). Of 108, 90.7% ( = 98) isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 90 (83.4%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance rates were found against penicillin (83.3%) followed by amoxicillin (70%), nalidixic acid (61%), and metronidazole (38%), and the lowest resistance was found against vancomycin (6.4%) and imipenem (3.7%). CDI was statistically significantly correlated with increased age, use of antibiotics, abdominal surgeries, use of proton pump inhibitors and H2a, and presence of comorbidities. The high frequency of in Peshawar, Pakistan, indicates that CDI is an important nosocomial infection in different hospitals. The results will be helpful for clinicians to redesign control and therapeutic strategies in hospitals.
PubMed: 38784112
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6613120 -
IDCases 2024Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an effective drug currently used for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB)...
BACKGROUND
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an effective drug currently used for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) treatment. However, resistance to this new drug is emerging. We discussed the characteristics of the first patient in Ethiopia who acquired BDQ and fluoroquinolones (FQs) resistance during treatment follow-up.
CASE REPORT
In this case report, we present the case of a 28-year-old male pulmonary TB patient diagnosed with MDR-TB who is a resident of the Oromia Region of North Shewa, Mulona Sululta Woreda, Ethiopia. Sputum specimen was collected initially and for treatment monitoring using culture and for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) to first-line and second-line TB drugs. Initially, the patient was infected with a mycobacterial strain resistant to the first-line anti-TB drugs Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), and Pyrazinamide (PZA). Later, during treatment, he acquired additional drug resistance to ethambutol (EMB), ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), and BDQ. The patient was tested with MTBDR and MTBDR to confirm the presence of resistance-conferring mutation and mutation was detected in and genes. Finally, the patient was registered as having extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and immediately started an individualized treatment regimen.
CONCLUSION
This case report data has revealed the evolution of BDQ resistance during treatment with a BDQ-containing regimen in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for DST to new second-line drugs to monitor and prevent the spread of DR-TB.
PubMed: 38779144
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01988 -
BioMed Research International 2024Cancer and chemotherapy predispose the patients to various bacterial infections. This study is aimed at isolating and establishing the distribution of...
Cancer and chemotherapy predispose the patients to various bacterial infections. This study is aimed at isolating and establishing the distribution of antibiotic-resistant from fecal samples in subjects with cancer admitted to the Oncology Department at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2023. Cancer and noncancer patients were suffering from infection. The isolation of was based on culture on the specific medium. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Of the 507 patients studied, 307 (60.55%) were cancer patients, compared to 200 (39.45%) noncancer patients. was isolated in 81 (15.97%) participants, among which 62 (76.55%) were cancer patients and 19 (23.45%) were noncancer patients. In the study population, 31.92% of participants had breast cancer, followed by cervical cancer (13.68%) and leukemia (7.17%). isolates showed high resistance rates in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC, 77.42% versus 31.58%), cefoxitin (FOX, 80.65% versus 63.16%), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 75.81% versus 26.32%), ofloxacin (OFX, 69.35% versus 31.58%), fusidic acid (FUS, 70.97% versus 53.63%), and tetracycline (TET, 85.48% versus 78.95%). showed a significant increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) phenotypes in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients ( < 0.05). The prevalence of MRSA was 76.54%, higher than that of methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) (23.46%). The frequency of MRSA was significantly higher ( < 0.001) in cancer patients (80.65%) than in noncancer patients (19.35%). This study showed that there is an association between antibiotic resistance and cancer status. Research and interventions must be focused on the cancer population to combat the appearance of MDR bacteria due to the loss of effectiveness of antibiotics.
Topics: Humans; Cameroon; Female; Male; Staphylococcus aureus; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Adult; Staphylococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Aged; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Adolescent; Young Adult; Hospitals
PubMed: 38778831
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5859068 -
International Journal of Medical... Jun 2024The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains poses a significant threat to children's health. This study investigated antibiotic...
BACKGROUND
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains poses a significant threat to children's health. This study investigated antibiotic resistance rates in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children in Shanghai and analyzed the presence of virulence genes in these strains.
METHODS
We obtained 201 Helicobacter pylori strains from pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2019 and 2022. Subsequently, we performed antibiotic susceptibility tests and virulence gene PCR assays on these strains.
RESULTS
Helicobacter pylori resistance rates of 45.8%, 15.4%, 1.0%, and 2.5% were detected for metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin, respectively. Among all isolates, 64.7% exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin increased from 2019 to 2022. The predominant vacA gene subtype was vacA s1a/m2. The prevalence of vacA m2 and dupA exhibited an upward trend, while oipA presented a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2022. The prevalence of dupA was significantly higher in gastritis than peptic ulcer disease, and in non-treatment compared to treatment groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance remains high in children and has risen in recent years. Therefore, the increasing use of metronidazole and clarithromycin requires increased monitoring in children. No association was observed between antibiotic resistance and virulence gene phenotypes.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; China; Child; Helicobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Male; Bacterial Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Virulence Factors; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Clarithromycin; Metronidazole; Virulence; Gastritis; Prevalence; Peptic Ulcer; Infant; Amoxicillin; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38776570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151622 -
Heliyon May 2024The complex (Bcc) is a gram-negative bacillus, which is intrinsically resistant to several used antibiotics, and is now recognized as a group of opportunistic pathogens...
The complex (Bcc) is a gram-negative bacillus, which is intrinsically resistant to several used antibiotics, and is now recognized as a group of opportunistic pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis patients. Here, for the first time, we report the case of a patient with New Delhi metallo β-lactamase (NDM)-positive Bcc lower respiratory tract infection in Iran. The patient was a 57-year-old male admitted to our hospital due to breathlessness, with a history of pulmonary thromboembolism and hypertension. On day 14, the patient underwent bronchoscopy and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimen was taken. BAL culture grew Bcc. The drug resistance analysis showed positive NDM resistance, with susceptibility to only quinolones, therefore, levofloxacin was prescribed to the patient. He was discharged from the hospital on the 20th day, 4 days after the initiation of levofloxacin therapy, and died at home on the fifth day after discharge. This is the first report of a lung infection caused by an extensively drug-resistant NDM-positive Bcc strain in Iran.
PubMed: 38770338
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30895 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2024Malignant otitis externa (skull base osteomyelitis) can be fatal and long-term antibiotic therapy is recommended. Despite being potentially fatal, this infection causes...
Malignant otitis externa (skull base osteomyelitis) can be fatal and long-term antibiotic therapy is recommended. Despite being potentially fatal, this infection causes minor changes in inflammatory biomarkers (white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels) upon blood testing. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging changes persist over a long period. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the optimal time for the discontinuation of antibiotics. We present a 77-year-old male whose medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus who suffered from chronic otitis media with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. His condition did not improve with proper treatment, and imaging revealed malignant otitis media. Intravenous cefepime treatment was administered. Antibiotic treatment was de-escalated to oral levofloxacin treatment after Gallium-67 scintigraphy showed less accumulation after 6 weeks of Cefepime administration; accumulation almost disappeared after 1 year. In this report, we describe the usefulness of gallium scintigraphy in the evaluation of malignant otitis externa.
PubMed: 38764912
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X241253462 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2024The study aims were to evaluate the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from specimens of intra-abdominal...
BACKGROUND
The study aims were to evaluate the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from specimens of intra-abdominal infections (IAI), urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections (RTI), and blood stream infections (BSI) in emergency departments (EDs) in China.
METHODS
From 2016 to 2019, 656 isolates were collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted according to CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. In addition, organ-specific weighted incidence antibiograms (OSWIAs) were constructed.
RESULTS
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most common pathogens isolated from BSI, IAI and UTI, accounting for 80% of the Gram-negative clinical isolates, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was mainly isolated from RTI. E. coli showed < 10% resistance rates to amikacin, colistin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. K. pneumoniae exhibited low resistance rates only to colistin (6.4%) and amikacin (17.5%) with resistance rates of 25-29% to carbapenems. P. aeruginosa exhibited low resistance rates only to amikacin (13.4%), colistin (11.6%), and tobramycin (10.8%) with over 30% resistance to all traditional antipseudomonal antimicrobials including ceftazidime, cefepime, carbapenems and levofloxacin. OSWIAs were different at different infection sites. Among them, the susceptibility of RTI to conventional antibiotics was lower than for IAI, UTI or BSI.
CONCLUSIONS
Gram-negative bacteria collected from Chinese EDs exhibited high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Susceptibilities were organ specific for different infection sites, knowledge which will be useful for guiding empirical therapies in the clinic.
Topics: Humans; China; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Emergency Service, Hospital; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Intraabdominal Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Male
PubMed: 38760687
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09294-0