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PloS One 2024Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high risk of developing cervical cancer. High- risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the single most important cause of cervical cancer....
BACKGROUND
Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high risk of developing cervical cancer. High- risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the single most important cause of cervical cancer. Vaccination for and early detection of pre-malignant cervical changes, through cervical cancer screening contributes to prevention of cervical cancer. This study sought to determine the prevalence of HPV among WLWH, genotypes present and the risk factors associated with cervical cancer development.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
An analytical cross-sectional study of 250 sexually active women aged 18 years and above, attending HIV clinic at a tertiary health facility in Accra. Demographic data collection and risk factor assessments were done using interviewer-administered questionnaire, and patient records. Cervical swabs were collected and tested for HPV using real-time PCR assays. Genotype analysis was performed on 92 samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to establish associations between hrHPV and risk factors among WLWH. Approximately 60% of study participants tested positive for HPV. The prevalence of hr-HPV among WLH was 44.4%. Factors identified to be protective of hrHPV were employment (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.56, p = 0.003) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Ritonavir-Lopinavir (TLRL) (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.95, p = 0.04). Women with HIV diagnosis within 6 to10 years (AOR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.05, 22.70, p = 0.043) and diagnosis >10 years (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI = 1.24, 54.84, p = 0.029) had higher odds of hrHPV. Approximately 25% of samples analysed tested positive for hr-HPV group 1 (genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45,51, 52, 56, 58, 69) and 46.8% for multiple HPV genotypes.
CONCLUSION
A high prevalence of genotypes that include high risk genotypes 16 and 18 and multiple HPV infections was found among WLWH. Almost half of the women screened had high-risk HPV and were prone to cervical cancer without their knowledge. Regular HPV screening is recommended for high-risk patient groups.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections; HIV Infections; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Ghana; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Adolescent; Papillomaviridae; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 38814956
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303535 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) typically leads to cervical cancer, skin related cancers and many other tumors. HPV is mainly responsible for evading immune... (Review)
Review
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) typically leads to cervical cancer, skin related cancers and many other tumors. HPV is mainly responsible for evading immune tumor monitoring in HPV related cancers. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are particular pattern recognition molecules. When the body is facing immune danger, it can lead to innate and direct adaptive immunity. TLR plays an important role in initiating antiviral immune responses. HPV can affect the expression level of TLR and interfere with TLR related signaling pathways, resulting in sustained viral infection and even carcinogenesis. This paper introduces the HPV virus and HPV related cancers. We discussed the present comprehension of TLR, its expression and signaling, as well as its role in HPV infection. We also provided a detailed introduction to immunotherapy methods for HPV related diseases based on TLR agonists. This will provide insights into methods that support the therapeutic method of HPV related conditions with TLR agonists.
Topics: Humans; Toll-Like Receptors; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomaviridae; Signal Transduction; Neoplasms; Animals; Immunotherapy; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 38812510
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407649 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... May 2024It has been demonstrated that exosomes derived from HPV-16 E7-over-expressiong non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (E7 Exo) trigger increased levels of epidermal...
BACKGROUND
It has been demonstrated that exosomes derived from HPV-16 E7-over-expressiong non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (E7 Exo) trigger increased levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and miR-381-3p. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of E7 Exo in NSCLC angiogenesis, and to analyze the contribution of exosomal EGFR and miR-381-3p to it.
METHODS
The influence of E7 Exo on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed using colony formation and transwell migration assays. Experiments on both cells and animal models were conducted to evaluate the angiogenic effect of E7 Exo treatment. The involvement of exosomal EGFR and miR-381-3p in NSCLC angiogenesis was further investigated through suppressing exosome release or EGFR activation, or by over-expressing miR-381-3p.
RESULTS
Treatment with E7 Exo increased the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacities of HUVECs, as well as angiogenesis in animal models. The suppression of exosome release or EGFR activation in NSCLC cells decreased the E7-induced enhancements in HUVEC migration and tube formation, and notably reduced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Ang-1 levels. HUVECs that combined miR-381-3p mimic transfection and E7 Exo treatment exhibited a more significant tube-forming capacity than E7 Exo-treated HUVECs alone, but were reversed by the miR-381-3p inhibitor.
CONCLUSION
The angiogenesis induced by HPV-16 E7 in NSCLC is mediated through exosomal EGFR and miR-381-3p.
Topics: MicroRNAs; Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Exosomes; ErbB Receptors; Lung Neoplasms; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cell Movement; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice; Mice, Nude; Human papillomavirus 16; Angiogenesis
PubMed: 38812317
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905189 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... May 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck tumor that is influenced by a variety of molecular factors during its pathogenesis. Among these, the... (Review)
Review
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck tumor that is influenced by a variety of molecular factors during its pathogenesis. Among these, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a crucial role in regulatory networks. This article systematically reviews the multifaceted functions of PTEN in NPC, including its roles in inhibiting cell proliferation, regulating migration and invasion, promoting autophagy and apoptosis, and influencing resistance to radiotherapy. Molecular factors such as long non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA can modulate PTEN through various pathways, thereby impacting the biological behavior of NPC. In addition, PTEN is involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment of NPC, and its interaction with the Epstein-Barr virus has also recently become a focus of research. A comprehensive understanding of the PTEN regulatory network provides a foundation for future personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC and suggests new directions in the field of tumor biology and NPC treatment.
Topics: Humans; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; RNA, Long Noncoding; Autophagy; Cell Movement; RNA, Circular; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38812313
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905179 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders May 2024Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health issue worldwide. In the young (< 40 years of age), genetic cardiomyopathies and viral myocarditis, sometimes in...
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health issue worldwide. In the young (< 40 years of age), genetic cardiomyopathies and viral myocarditis, sometimes in combination, are the most frequent, but underestimated, causes of SCD. Molecular autopsy is essential for prevention. Several studies have shown an association between genetic cardiomyopathies and viral myocarditis, which is probably underestimated due to insufficient post-mortem investigations. We report on four autopsy cases illustrating the pathogenesis of these combined pathologies. In two cases, a genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in combination with Herpes Virus Type 6 (HHV6) and/or Parvovirus-B19 (PVB19) in the heart. In the third case, autopsy revealed a dilated cardiomyopathy and virological analyses revealed acute myocarditis caused by three viruses: PVB19, HHV6 and Epstein-Barr virus. Genetic analyses revealed a mutation in the gene coding for desmin. The fourth case illustrated a channelopathy and a PVB19/HHV6 coinfection. Our four cases illustrate the highly probable deleterious role of cardiotropic viruses in the occurrence of SCD in subjects with genetic cardiomyopathies. We discuss the pathogenetic link between viral myocarditis and genetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular autopsy is essential in prevention of these SCD, and a close collaboration between cardiologists, pathologists, microbiologists and geneticians is mandatory.
Topics: Humans; Myocarditis; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Autopsy; Male; Adult; Female; Herpesvirus 6, Human; Parvovirus B19, Human; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Roseolovirus Infections; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Parvoviridae Infections; Young Adult; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Fatal Outcome; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Coinfection; Cause of Death; Mutation; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38811883
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03913-z -
High frequency of alpha7-HPV in Colombian Caribbean coast women: cervical cancer screening analysis.BMC Infectious Diseases May 2024Cervical cancer (CC) is a significant global public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Colombia. The main risk factor involves high-risk HPV...
BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer (CC) is a significant global public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Colombia. The main risk factor involves high-risk HPV types (HR-HPV) infection, coupled with population-specific variables. The Caribbean region in Colombia lacks research on HR-HPV-type frequencies. Therefore, this study aims to establish the prevalence of type-specific HR-HPV and its association with sociodemographic factors among women undergoing cervical cytology screening.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study involving voluntary women who provided informed consent and completed a questionnaire capturing sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual behavior information was conducted. All participants underwent cervical cytology and molecular analysis. Generic HPV detection employed three simultaneous PCRs (GP5+/6+, MY09/11, and PU1R/2 M), and positive samples were genotyped using the Optiplex HPV Genotyping kit. The analysis encompassed the 12 types of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV-16,-18,-31,-33,-35,-39,-45,-51,-52,-56,-58, and - 59). Frequencies were reported based on geographic subregions within the Córdoba department, and disparities were made between single and multiple infections. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were subjected to ordinal logistic regression, with statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05. The statistical analyses utilized STATA 14® and R-Core Team-software.
RESULTS
We included 450 women, mean age 40 (SD±11.44). PCR analysis revealed 43% HPV-positive (n=192). GP5+/6+ detected the most positives at 26% (n=119), followed by PU1R/2 M at 22% (n = 100) and MY09/11 at 15% (n=69). Multiple infections occurred in 87.3% (n=142), primarily 2 to 4 types (47.37%, n=90). Dominant types were HPV-18 (15.6%, n=61), HPV-16 (14.9%, n=58), HPV-31 (13.0%, n = 51), and HPV-45 (11.5%, n=45). Logistic regression identified age above 60 as a risk for concurrent multiple types (OR=6.10; 95% CI 1.18-31.63). Menopause was protective (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.89).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study reveals a notable prevalence of multiple (2-4) high-risk HPV infections among adult women engaged in CC detection initiatives. Predominantly, α7 species constitute the prevalent HR-viral types, with the Medio Sinú subregion showing elevated prevalence. Menopausal status confers protection against diverse HR-HPV infections. Nevertheless, advancing age, particularly beyond 60 years, is linked to an increased susceptibility to simultaneous infections by multiple HPV-types.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections; Colombia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Early Detection of Cancer; Prevalence; Papillomaviridae; Genotype; Young Adult; Risk Factors; Aged; Alphapapillomavirus; Caribbean Region
PubMed: 38811877
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09410-0 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024Infectious disease is an important health problem in border areas as there is a possibility that the migrants may carry the disease into the area. The purpose of this...
BACKGROUND
Infectious disease is an important health problem in border areas as there is a possibility that the migrants may carry the disease into the area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and behaviors toward human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer in the women of reproductive age in the Thailand-Myanmar border area.
METHODS
A survey study in a population of 418 women of reproductive age in Mae Hong Son Province in the Thailand-Myanmar border area. Knowledge and risk behaviors of HPV and cervical cancer were described using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Fifty percent of the participants had sexual debut at age less than 20 years, 27% had more than one lifetime sexual partner and only 3% had sex outside a monogamous relationship during the past 12 months. In term of knowledge, 62.5% knew about HPV. The proportion of correct answers about HPV and cervical cancer questions ranged from 14-95% and 52-94%, respectively. Among the cervical cancer screening target, 69.4% accessed the screening. The factors associated with better knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer were education level higher than high school and sexual debut.
CONCLUSION
The women of reproductive age in the Thailand-Myanmar border areas showed relatively low sexually risk behaviors for HPV infection. More than one-third of the participants did not know about HPV. The percentage of correct answer to questions about cervical cancer were low. We encourage the Thai Ministry of Public Health to increase health promotion and health literacy on prevention of HPV and cervical cancer in the women of pre- and reproductive age in the Thailand-Myanmar border area.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Papillomavirus Infections; Thailand; Adult; Myanmar; Young Adult; Sexual Behavior; Papillomaviridae; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Surveys and Questionnaires; Prognosis; Early Detection of Cancer; Follow-Up Studies; Risk-Taking; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38809657
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1841 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most...
BACKGROUND
Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common cancer among women in the country. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of self-sampling among young women in Mongolia and evaluate their knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer.
METHODS
In this study, participants provided a self-administered vaginal swabs to detect high-risk HPV genotypes. Both acceptability of self-sampling using swabs and participants knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer through a scored questionnaire were assessed. The knowledge scale was categorized into three groups: low (0-2), moderate (3-4) and high (5-6).
RESULTS
A total of 203 women aged 24-28 years completed the questionnaire and provided self-administered vaginal swabs. The majority (95.1%) found self-sampling technique using Copan Self Vaginal FLOQSwabs® easy to perform. Additionally, 98.5% indicated that the self-swab instructions were clear and comprehensive, while 94.1% reported no pain during the process. Furthermore, 67.8% of participants expressed a preference for performing the swab in a clinic rather than at home. All respondents chose self-sampling due to greater personal privacy, tranquility, reduced anxiety and time optimization. The questionnaire results revealed an overall low level of knowledge about HPV among participants, with a mean score at 1.9 out of 6 [95%CI 1.67-2.21] and a moderate level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer risks, with a mean score at 3.7 out of 6 [95%CI 3.19-4.21]. This pattern was consistent across both vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, indicating a strong demand for enhanced awareness of HPV and cervical cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the high acceptance of self-sampling among young women aged 24-28 years in Mongolia. However, it also underscores a significant need for improved awareness initiatives concerning HPV and cervical cancer in Mongolia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Mongolia; Young Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vaginal Smears; Self Care; Follow-Up Studies; Specimen Handling; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prognosis; Early Detection of Cancer; Cross-Sectional Studies; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38809655
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1823 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing using dry-type self-sampled vaginal specimens is becoming more widespread worldwide due to increased screening uptake....
OBJECTIVE
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing using dry-type self-sampled vaginal specimens is becoming more widespread worldwide due to increased screening uptake. However, for the triage of hrHPV-positive women, a visit to a general practitioner is required for reflex cytology. This study aimed to evaluate the hrHPV detection capability of CellSoft®, a wet-type self-sampling method that also allows for cytology.
METHODS
Thirty-eight women aged 20 years and older were included in the study. The women self-sampled using CellSoft® after using an Evalyn® Brush. PCR-based HPV genotyping was performed on both specimens and hrHPV detection results of both devices were compared. Additionally, cytological exam was performed on CellSoft® samples.
RESULTS
Overall agreement between self-sampling devices for the detection of hrHPV in CellSoft® and Evalyn Brush was observed in 97.4% (37/38) of participants. More hrHPV genotypes were detected with Evalyn Brush than with CellSoft®. Among the 22 CellSoft® hrHPV-positive cases, 11 (47.6%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse.
CONCLUSION
CellSoft® hrHPV genotype detection results were in good agreement with those of Evalyn Brush. CellSoft® provided a sufficient cell volume for HPV testing and cytological evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Papillomaviridae; Genotype; Middle Aged; Vaginal Smears; Specimen Handling; DNA, Viral; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Young Adult; Early Detection of Cancer; Follow-Up Studies; Cytodiagnosis; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Aged; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Cytology
PubMed: 38809639
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1673 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex is instrumental in viral infectivity and shapes the host's immune response. This study presents the...
The Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex is instrumental in viral infectivity and shapes the host's immune response. This study presents the production and characterization of a soluble furin-mutated BLV Env ectodomain (sBLV-EnvFm) expressed in a stable S2 insect cell line. We purified a 63 kDa soluble protein, corresponding to the monomeric sBLV-EnvFm, which predominantly presented oligomannose and paucimannose N-glycans, with a high content of core fucose structures. Our results demonstrate that our recombinant protein can be recognized from specific antibodies in BLV infected cattle, suggesting its potential as a powerful diagnostic tool. Moreover, the robust humoral immune response it elicited in mice shows its potential contribution to the development of subunit-based vaccines against BLV.
Topics: Animals; Leukemia Virus, Bovine; Cattle; Recombinant Proteins; Mice; Viral Envelope Proteins; Antibodies, Viral; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis; Cell Line; Gene Products, env
PubMed: 38806566
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62811-8