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Science Advances Jun 2024Precision interferometry with quantum states has emerged as an essential tool for experimentally answering fundamental questions in physics. Optical quantum...
Precision interferometry with quantum states has emerged as an essential tool for experimentally answering fundamental questions in physics. Optical quantum interferometers are of particular interest because of mature methods for generating and manipulating quantum states of light. Their increased sensitivity promises to enable tests of quantum phenomena, such as entanglement, in regimes where tiny gravitational effects come into play. However, this requires long and decoherence-free processing of quantum entanglement, which, for large interferometric areas, remains unexplored territory. Here, we present a table-top experiment using maximally path-entangled quantum states of light in a large-scale interferometer sensitive enough to measure the rotation rate of Earth. The achieved sensitivity of 5 μrad s constitutes the highest rotation resolution ever reached with optical quantum interferometers. Further improvements to our methodology will enable measurements of general-relativistic effects on entangled photons, allowing the exploration of the interplay between quantum mechanics and general relativity, along with tests for fundamental physics.
PubMed: 38875336
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0215 -
Chemical Science Jun 2024Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical approach that enables the optical readout of electrochemical processes. Over the last few years, ECL has gained...
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical approach that enables the optical readout of electrochemical processes. Over the last few years, ECL has gained considerable attention due to its large number of applications, including chemical sensing, bioanalysis and microscopy. In these fields, the promotion of ECL at bipolar electrodes has offered unprecedented opportunities thanks to wireless electrochemical addressing. Herein, we take advantage of the synergy between ECL and bipolar electrochemistry (BE) for imaging light-emitting layers shaped by hydrodynamics, polarization effects and the nature of the electrochemical reactions taking place wirelessly on a rotating bipolar electrode. The proof-of-principle is established with the model ECL system [Ru(bpy)]/tri--propylamine. Interestingly, the ECL-emitting region moves and expands progressively from the anodic bipolar pole to the cathodic one where ECL reactants should neither be generated nor ECL be observed. Therefore, it shows a completely unusual behavior in the ECL field since the region where ECL reagents are oxidized does not coincide with the zone where ECL light is emitted. In addition, the ECL patterns change progressively to an "ECL croissant" and then to a complete ring shape due to the hydrodynamic convection. Such an approach allows the visualization of complex light-emitting patterns, whose shape is directly controlled by the rotation speed, chemical reactivity and BE-induced polarization. Indeed, the bipolar electrochemical addressing of the electrode breaks the circular symmetry of the reported rotating system. This unexplored and simple configuration yields unique ECL behavior and raises new curious questions from the theoretical and experimental points of view in analytical chemistry. Finally, this novel wireless approach will be useful for the development of original ECL systems for analytical chemistry, studies of electrochemical reactivity, coupling microfluidics with ECL and imaging.
PubMed: 38873074
DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02528h -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Optical nonreciprocity is manifested as a difference in the transmission of light for the opposite directions of excitation. Nonreciprocal optics is traditionally...
Optical nonreciprocity is manifested as a difference in the transmission of light for the opposite directions of excitation. Nonreciprocal optics is traditionally realized with relatively bulky components such as optical isolators based on the Faraday rotation, hindering the miniaturization and integration of optical systems. Here we demonstrate free-space nonreciprocal transmission through a metasurface comprised of a two-dimensional array of nanoresonators made of silicon hybridized with vanadium dioxide (VO). This effect arises from the magneto-electric coupling between Mie modes supported by the resonator. Nonreciprocal response of the nanoresonators occurs without the need for external bias; instead, reciprocity is broken by the incident light triggering the VO phase transition for only one direction of incidence. Nonreciprocal transmission is broadband covering over 100 nm in the telecommunication range in the vicinity of λ = 1.5 µm. Each nanoresonator unit cell occupies only ~0.1 λ in volume, with the metasurface thickness measuring about half-a-micron. Our self-biased nanoresonators exhibit nonreciprocity down to very low levels of intensity on the order of 150 W/cm or a µW per nanoresonator. We estimate picosecond-scale transmission fall times and sub-microsecond scale transmission rise. Our demonstration brings low-power, broadband and bias-free optical nonreciprocity to the nanoscale.
PubMed: 38871743
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49436-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The scientific community studies tight focusing of radially and azimuthally-polarized vector beams as it is a versatile solution for many applications. We offer a new...
The scientific community studies tight focusing of radially and azimuthally-polarized vector beams as it is a versatile solution for many applications. We offer a new method to produce tight focusing that ensures a more uniform intensity profile in multiple dimensions, providing a more versatile and stable solution. We manipulate the polarization of the radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams to find an optimal operating point. We examine in detail optical fields whose polarization states lie on the equator of the relevant Poincaré spheres namely, the fundamental Poincaré sphere, the hybrid order Poincaré sphere (HyOPS), and the higher order Poincaré sphere. We find via simulation that the fields falling on these equators have focal plane intensity distributions characterized by a single rotation parameter determining the individual state of polarization. The strengths of the component field distributions vary with and can be tuned to achieve equal strengths of longitudinal (z) and transverse (x and y) components at the focal plane. Without control of this parameter (e.g., using in radially and in azimuthally-polarized vector beams) intensity in x and y components are at 20% of the z component. In our solution with , all components are at 80% of the maximum possible intensity of z. In examining the impact of on a tightly focused beam, we also found that a helicity inversion of HyOPS beams causes a rotation of 180 degree in the axial intensity distribution.
PubMed: 38866872
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64392-y -
Optics Express Jun 2024In this paper, we report a method for extending distance of an optical fiber-based laser Doppler vibrometer system. This method uses a Faraday rotator (FR) to compensate...
In this paper, we report a method for extending distance of an optical fiber-based laser Doppler vibrometer system. This method uses a Faraday rotator (FR) to compensate polarization rotation in an installed long-range optical fiber. The construction of the proposed system is simple and achieved only by adding the FR to the sensing head unit, leading to stable and highly reliable vibration measurement even by using a long-range optical fiber exceeding kilometer. Experiments by using 100-m and 10-km long standard single mode fibers with emulated polarization rotation verified advantages of the proposed method; the system performances retained almost the same values even when the polarization state of reflected light was randomly rotated in installed optical fibers.
PubMed: 38859541
DOI: 10.1364/OE.524535 -
Optics Express Jun 2024We proposed and implemented an omnidirectional mid-air image optical system that suppresses stray light and transmitted light. When micro-mirror array plates (MMAP) are...
We proposed and implemented an omnidirectional mid-air image optical system that suppresses stray light and transmitted light. When micro-mirror array plates (MMAP) are integrated with view control films and rotated these optical elements at high speed, stray and transmitted light are effectively suppressed. This enables the visibility of omnidirectional mid-air image. We evaluated the effects of the view control film and high-speed rotation on the luminance and resolution of mid-air images, respectively. Our system facilitates the simultaneous viewing of mid-air images by multiple users, expanding the accessibility of mid-air image content to a large audience.
PubMed: 38859500
DOI: 10.1364/OE.524232 -
Optics Express Jun 2024In this paper, we propose a high-security space division multiplexing optical transmission scheme based on constellation grid selective twisting, which adopts the...
In this paper, we propose a high-security space division multiplexing optical transmission scheme based on constellation grid selective twisting, which adopts the Rossler chaos model for encrypting PDM-16QAM signals, being applied to a multicore, few-mode multiplexing system. The bitstream of the program is passed through XOR function before performing constellation grid selective twisting and rotation of the constellation map to improve the security of the system. The proposed system is verified experimentally by using 80-wave and 4-mode multiplexing in one of the 19-core 4-mode fibers. Based on the proposed encryption method, a net transmission rate of 34.13 Tbit/s, a transmission distance of 6000 km, and a capacity distance product of 204.8 Pb/s × km is achieved under encrypted PDM-QPSK modulation. Likewise, a net transmission rate of 68.27 Tbit/s, a transmission distance of 1000 km, and a capacity distance product of 68.27 Pb/s × km is achieved based on encrypted PDM-16QAM modulation. It is experimentally verified that the sensitivity of the initial value in Rossler's chaotic model is in the range of 10∼10. Meanwhile, the proposed encryption scheme achieves a large key space of 10, which is compatible with the high-capacity distance product multicore and few-mode multiplexing system. It is a promising candidate for the next-generation highly-secured high-capacity transmission system.
PubMed: 38859484
DOI: 10.1364/OE.526001 -
Optics Express Apr 2024The creation and manipulation of coherence continues to capture the attention of scientists and engineers. The optical laser is a canonical example of a system that, in...
The creation and manipulation of coherence continues to capture the attention of scientists and engineers. The optical laser is a canonical example of a system that, in principle, exhibits complete coherence. Recent research has focused on the creation of coherent, laser-like states in other physical systems. The phonon laser is one example where it is possible to amplify self-sustained mechanical oscillations. A single mode phonon laser in a levitated optical tweezer has been demonstrated through appropriate balance of active feedback gain and damping. In this work, coherent control of the dynamics of an optical tweezer phonon laser is used to share coherence between its different modes of oscillation, creating a multimode phonon laser. The coupling of the modes is achieved by periodically rotating the asymmetric optical potential in the transverse focal plane of the trapping beam via trap laser polarization rotation. The presented theory and experiment demonstrate that coherence can be transferred across different modes of an optical tweezer phonon laser, and are a step toward using these systems for precision measurement and quantum information processing.
PubMed: 38859410
DOI: 10.1364/OE.511600 -
Optics Express Apr 2024Light polarization rotations, created by applied optical field, are examined experimentally and theoretically in a photosensitive chiral nematic fluid. The polarization...
Light polarization rotations, created by applied optical field, are examined experimentally and theoretically in a photosensitive chiral nematic fluid. The polarization rotation of the transmitted beam is initiated by illuminating the sample with uniform UV light. The operation is tunable and reversible, depending on the UV intensity. It was revealed that the rotations can be ascribed to the optical-field-induced chirality effect, where the helical structure in chiral nematics changes in accordance with the UV intensity. The evolution of the helical structure as well as its effect on the light polarization upon illumination by uniform UV light have been monitored experimentally and compared by calculations based on the continuum theory. Our results proved that a polarization field with specific characteristics can be achieved using the remote and precise optical control.
PubMed: 38859354
DOI: 10.1364/OE.522820 -
Optics Express Apr 2024Stitching interferometry is an essential technique for the non-contact, high-precision measurement of large apertures or complex optical surfaces. However, the accuracy...
Stitching interferometry is an essential technique for the non-contact, high-precision measurement of large apertures or complex optical surfaces. However, the accuracy of full-aperture surface reconstruction is significantly compromised by subaperture positioning and systematic errors. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel stitching interferometry method utilizing alternating calibration of positioning and systematic errors (SIAC). This method calibrates one type of error while maintaining the other constant, and alternates between these processes to effectively decouple the two errors, facilitating accurate phase stitching. Within this calibration framework, an iterative weighted phase stitching model employing vertical projection for estimating overlapping areas was developed to calibrate positioning errors. Additionally, the rotation measurements of a single subaperture, in conjunction with a global fitting approach, were employed to correct reference errors. Numerical simulations have confirmed the efficacy of SIAC in calibrating these errors. Moreover, experimental measurements were performed on both a plane mirror and gullwing aspheres, with the resulting stitched full-aperture phase distributions and cross-testing outcomes affirming the method's accuracy and practicality. This research provides a novel solution for stitching interferometry, enhancing the precision of optical surface measurements.
PubMed: 38859270
DOI: 10.1364/OE.521791