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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Tooth movement in orthodontic therapy is connected to the frictional force that is created as the wire passes over the bracket. It is possible for teeth to move quickly...
Tooth movement in orthodontic therapy is connected to the frictional force that is created as the wire passes over the bracket. It is possible for teeth to move quickly when friction is at a minimum. Wires coated with nanoparticles have been found to reduce friction as a result of current developments in the orthodontics sector. Having an antimicrobial property is an added benefit. To reduce the friction generated by brackets, wires, and bands by lessening their cytotoxicity, this study examines the potential use of TiO2 nanoparticles in orthodontics. A monolayer of L929 was utilized in an indirect cytotoxicity test to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the coated orthodontic wire. The absence of reactive zones in our sample data demonstrates that TiO2 is not cytotoxic. Considering the results of our study, we conclude that TiO2 is secure for use as a coating for orthodontic devices.
PubMed: 38882869
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_824_23 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and...
Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic appliances. Silver-coated orthodontic materials have emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the potent antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antibacterial coatings are used in orthodontics to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. This systematic review evaluated the literature on antimicrobial silver coatings on fixed orthodontic appliances, including archwires, brackets, and microimplants. Two evaluators, working independently, rigorously conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. This systematic review comprehensively examined in vitro studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-coated orthodontic archwires, brackets, and microimplants. The review registered in PROSPERO CRD42024509189 synthesized findings from 18 diverse studies, revealing consistent and significant reductions in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and colony counts with the incorporation of AgNPs. Key studies demonstrated the effectiveness of silver-coated archwires and brackets against common oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Microimplants coated with AgNPs also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The systematic review revealed potential mechanisms underlying these antimicrobial effects, highlighted implications for infection prevention in orthodontic practice, and suggested future research avenues. Despite some study heterogeneity and limitations, the collective evidence supports the potential of silver-coated orthodontic materials in mitigating bacterial complications, emphasizing their relevance in advancing infection control measures in orthodontics.
Topics: Silver; Humans; Biofilms; Orthodontic Brackets; Metal Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Anti-Infective Agents; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Bacterial Adhesion; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38843112
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944255 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2024White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on... (Review)
Review
White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on drying of the teeth. During fixed orthodontic treatment, it is very hard for the patient to maintain excellent oral hygiene as the brackets, bands, wires, elastics, and other appliances and attachments worn intra-orally provide a platform for food retention, plaque formation, and then colonization by acidogenic bacteria like and . This review aims to elaborate and focus on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment aspect, and future scope for research about the WSLs occurring due to fixed orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38784071
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_205_23 -
Cureus Apr 2024Robotics has various applications in dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, although the potential use of these technologies is not yet clear. This review aims to... (Review)
Review
Robotics has various applications in dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, although the potential use of these technologies is not yet clear. This review aims to summarize the application of robotics in orthodontics and clarify its function and scope in clinical practice. Original articles addressing the application of robotics in any area of orthodontic practice were included, and review articles were excluded. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and DOAJ were searched from June to August 2023. The risk of bias was established using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies (ROBINS) and certainty assessment tools following the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. A narrative synthesis of the data was generated and presented according to its application in surgical and non-surgical orthodontics. The search retrieved 2,106 articles, of which 16 articles were selected for final data synthesis of research conducted between 2011 and 2023 in Asia, Europe, and North America. The application of robotics in surgical orthodontics helps guide orthognathic surgeries by reducing the margin of error, but it does not replace the work of a clinician. In non-surgical orthodontics, robotics assists in performing customized bending of orthodontic wires and simulating orthodontic movements, but its application is expensive. The articles collected for this synthesis exhibited a low risk of bias and high certainty, and the results indicated that the advantages of the application of robotics in orthodontics outweigh the disadvantages. This project was self-financed, and a previous protocol was registered at the PROSPERO site (registration number: CRD42023463531).
PubMed: 38765377
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58555 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting clinical progress and outcome. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between alloy corrosion and raised surface roughness, which has a direct impact on the working characteristics of orthodontic archwires.
METHODS
Thirty nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires were utilized in this study. Patients were randomly selected and allocated into three groups according to the randomization plan; (The control group): subjects practiced regular oral hygiene; (The fluoride group): subjects used fluoride for intensive prophylaxis; (The chlorhexidine group): subjects used chlorhexidine. Representative samples were evaluated by SEM, and then SEM images with high resolution were examined using Image J software to determine the surface roughness and obtain the results for further statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Our findings indicated a significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the anterior and posterior parts between the control and the two other groups and a non-significant difference between NaF and CHX groups. Overall, the p-value for group comparisons was 0.000 for both parts, indicating a highly significant difference especially between the control and NaF groups.
CONCLUSION
Mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride demonstrated more significant surface alterations than the control and CHX groups and should be prescribed in accordance with orthodontic materials to reduce side effects.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Fluoride; Chlorhexidine; Corrosion; Surface Properties; Orthodontic Wires; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Alloys; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Titanium; Cariostatic Agents; Male; Female; Young Adult; Mouthwashes; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Adolescent; Adult; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38745154
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04289-4 -
Frontiers in Dentistry 2024The reduction of resistance to sliding between the archwire and bracket promotes more seamless tooth movement, leading to a faster and improved orthodontic treatment...
The reduction of resistance to sliding between the archwire and bracket promotes more seamless tooth movement, leading to a faster and improved orthodontic treatment experience. This research aimed to examine how the degradation of elastomeric modules, different ligation methods, bracket-wire angle, and wire type (nickel titanium, NiTi or stainless-steel, SS) impact the kinetic friction resulting from the interaction between NiTi or SS archwires and SS brackets. The current in vitro study was conducted on nine groups, including NiTi and SS archwires with three types of ligations (O-ring, figure of 8, and SS wire ligature) and two bracket-wire angles (0˚ and 10˚). The kinetic friction in each group was measured using a Universal Testing Machine at four time intervals: baseline, day one, week one, and week four. Repeated measures ANOVA, Mauchly test of sphericity followed by the Greenhouse-Geisser test, and relevant post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (P<0.05). The authors found a decrease in kinetic friction in all types of ligations, which confirmed the effect of time on the degradation of ligation modules. The kinetic friction of figure of 8 ligations was higher than both O-ring and SS wire ligations. No difference was observed between O-ring and SS wire ligations. Furthermore, the bracket-wire angle did not affect friction. The authors suggest that the use of figure of 8 ligations in NiTi and SS wires should be limited due to their high friction and replaced with other types of ligations, if possible.
PubMed: 38742224
DOI: 10.18502/fid.v21i10.15222 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND
Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated (Zn-coated) SS orthodontic wires.
METHODS
Zinc coating was applied on SS wires by PVD method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic polarization tests and Tafel analysis methods were used to predict the corrosion behavior of Zn-coated and uncoated SS wires in both neutral and acidic environments.
RESULTS
The values of E ,i and Rwhich were the electrochemical corrosion characteristics, reported better corrosion behavior of Zn-coated SS wires against uncoated ones in both artificial saliva and fluoride-containing environments. Experimental results of the Tafel plot analyses were consistent with that of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses for both biological solutions.
CONCLUSION
Applying Zn coating on bare SS orthodontic wire by PVD method might increase the corrosion resistance of the underlying stainless-steel substrate.
Topics: Corrosion; Stainless Steel; Orthodontic Wires; Zinc; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Saliva, Artificial; Materials Testing; Dental Alloys; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Humans; Surface Properties; Potentiometry
PubMed: 38725023
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04242-5 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Apr 2024To investigate the mechanism of circadian clock protein Bmal1 (Bmal1) on renal injury with chronic periodontitis, we established an experimental rat periodontitis model.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the mechanism of circadian clock protein Bmal1 (Bmal1) on renal injury with chronic periodontitis, we established an experimental rat periodontitis model.
METHODS
Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and periodontitis groups (=6, each group). The first maxillary molars on both sides of the upper jaw of rats with periodontitis were ligated by using orthodontic ligature wires, whereas the control group received no intervention measures. After 8 weeks, clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth, bleeding index, and tooth mobility, were evaluated in both groups. Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional image reconstruction were performed on the maxillary bones of the rats for the assessment of alveolar bone resorption. Histopatholo-gical observations of periodontal and renal tissues were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Renal function indicators, such as creatinine, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen levels, and oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels, were measured using biochemical assay kits. MitoSOX red staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the kidneys. The gene and protein expression levels of Bmal1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in rat renal tissues were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS
Micro-CT and HE staining results showed significant bone resorption and attachment loss in the maxillary first molar region of the periodontitis group. Histological examination through HE and PAS staining revealed substantial histopathological damage to the renal tissues of the rats in the periodontitis group. The findings of the assessment of renal function and oxidative stress markers indicated that the periodontitis group exhibited abnormal levels of oxidative stress, whereas the renal function levels showed abnormalities without statistical significance. MitoSOX Red staining results showed that the content of ROS in the renal tissue of the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression levels of Bmal1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the renal tissues of the rats in the periodontitis group showed a decreasing trend.
CONCLUSIONS
Circadian clock protein Bmal1 plays an important role in the oxidative damage process involved in the renal of rats with periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats; Bone Resorption; Circadian Clocks; Kidney; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Phenanthridines; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38597076
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2024.2023245 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Feb 2024The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of common methods of sterilization on the tensile strength of Beta titanium, Stainless steel, Australian Stainless...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of common methods of sterilization on the tensile strength of Beta titanium, Stainless steel, Australian Stainless steel, Copper Nickel-Titanium, and Nickel-Titanium wires. It also aimed to evaluate the changes in tensile strength values caused by repeated cycles of sterilization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sample of 225 orthodontic wires, i.e., beta-titanium, stainless steel, Australian stainless steel, copper nickel-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires, were collected from different manufacturers. These wires were divided into three groups, which consists of Groups 1, 2, and 3. Four methods of sterilization used in this study were as follows: (i) autoclave (250°F for 20 min), (ii) dry heat sterilization (375°F for 20 min), (iii) ethylene oxide sterilization (54°C for 4 hrs), and (iv) 2.45% acidic glutaraldehyde (10 hrs).
RESULTS
The results of this study showed that there was increase in tensile strength of beta-titanium and nickel-titanium wires using autoclave and dry heat sterilization. No statistically significant difference in tensile strength of stainless steel and Australian stainless steel archwires. The tensile strength of copper nickel-titanium wires decreased following 0, 1, and 5 cycles of sterilization.
CONCLUSION
The lack of statistically significant differences established in the study of new and sterilized orthodontic archwires gives us reason to conclude that the orthodontic arch wires can be sterilized because the sterilizing processes do not affect their tensile strength and the orthodontists could thus ensure the maximum safety of their patients.
PubMed: 38595471
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_432_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Feb 2024The esthetic during the various orthodontic treatments has led to the invention of the brackets. When different ceramic brackets and archwires are used, the different...
INTRODUCTION
The esthetic during the various orthodontic treatments has led to the invention of the brackets. When different ceramic brackets and archwires are used, the different frictional forces may result in the different outputs. Hence, in the present study, we evaluated and compared the frictional resistance between eight standard monocrystalline ceramic bracket models and each of the archwires of four different alloys.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Frictional force was tested using Instron testing machine, , for eight types of monocrystalline ceramic bracket, and four types of archwires beta-titanium, NiTi, copper-nickel-titanium, and stainless steel statistical analysis were done using various tools, and significance value of <0.05 was considered.
RESULTS
Ormco and AO (Radiance) monocrystalline ceramic brackets created lesser frictional resistance than other monocrystalline ceramic brackets. Stainless steel archwire generates lesser static friction. Beta-titanium archwire created higher static friction. A 0.017 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwire generates lesser static friction to 0.019 × 0.025 inch TMA.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that Ormco and AO (Radiance) monocrystalline ceramic brackets, with stainless steel archwires and of size 0.017 × 0.025 inch, can generate better forces when used for the orthodontic tooth movements.
PubMed: 38595439
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_572_23