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Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 2024This study aimed to assess the photobiomodulation effects of blue and red lasers on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament mesenchymal...
This study aimed to assess the photobiomodulation effects of blue and red lasers on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs). PDLMSCs were cultured and tested in 4 groups. The first two groups were exposed to 445 nm diode laser irradiation (200 mW, 6 and 12 J/cm ), and the third group was exposed to 660 nm diode laser irradiation (50 mW, 4 J/cm ). The fourth group was also considered as the control group without irradiation. Cell viability/proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (col1), and osteocalcin (OCN) were evaluated by RT-PCR, and Alizarin red was used to evaluate the colonization. The data were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance. The results of our study showed that cell survival/proliferation in the second group was significantly lower than that in the control group on days 1 and 7 (<0.05). RT-PCR showed a significant increase in osteogenic genes in all three laser groups compared to the control group (<0.05). All groups showed a significant increase in calcium content compared to the control group (<0.05). ALP activity also confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in laser groups. 445 nm and 660 nm lasers with the studied parameters showed positive effects on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of PDLMSCs.
PubMed: 38655041
DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.05 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that eventually destroys tooth-supporting tissue. Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine compound with haemostatic...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that eventually destroys tooth-supporting tissue. Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine compound with haemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties has shown therapeutic potential in several diseases. Our previous study revealed that YNBY suppressed osteoclast differentiation in periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of YNBY on osteoblasts and explore its potential mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A rat periodontitis model was established by ligation of maxillary second molars. After the end of modelling, histopathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, detection of bone resorption by Micro-CT scanning, detection of osteoclasts by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) by immunohistochemistry. Lipopolysaccharides was used to irritate MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and ex vivo calvarial organ as an in vitro model of inflammation. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the toxicity of YNBY to MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Osteogenesis was assessed with alizarin red staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Transmission electron microscopy, fluorescent double staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect autophagy.
RESULTS
Histological and micro-CT analyses revealed that YNBY gavage reduced bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis and upregulated osteogenic proteins in vivo. YNBY attenuated the production of autophagy-related proteins in periodontitis rats. Additionally, YNBY promoted osteogenesis by inhibiting inflammation-induced autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, YNBY suppressed LPS-mediated bone resorption and promoted the production of osteoblast-related proteins in inflamed calvarial tissues ex vivo.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated, through in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experiments, that YNBY promoted osteoblast differentiation by suppressing autophagy, which markedly alleviated bone destruction caused by periodontitis.
PubMed: 38645877
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S454694 -
Heliyon Apr 2024The value of biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTMs) in predicting survival and disease remains unclear. In a prospective study we evaluated the novel biomarkers for...
OBJECTIVES
The value of biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTMs) in predicting survival and disease remains unclear. In a prospective study we evaluated the novel biomarkers for bone turnover sclerostin, dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC), as well as a traditional biomarker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in relation to risk of mortality, cardiovascular events and fractures.
PARTICIPANTS
and Methods:Routine blood tests and serum BTMs, including ALP, were analyzed in patients with hip fracture n = 97, stroke n = 71 and healthy volunteers n = 83 (mean age 86, 83 and 77, respectively), followed for 7 years. Hazard Ratios (HR) were calculated for mortality, cardiovascular events and fractures in relation to these biomarkers. After adding the albumin-to-ALP ratio (AAPR) a post hoc analysis was performed.
RESULTS
120 participants died during the study. In the entire group of patients and volunteers (n = 251) higher AAPR (HR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.14-0.59, p < 0.001) was associated with decreased mortality. OPN and OPG were associated with mortality risk only in the univariate statistical analysis. HR for high AAPR in relation to new cardiovascular events was borderline significant (HR 0.29, 95 % CI 0.08-1.06, p = 0.061). None of the examined biomarkers were associated with new fractures, nor with an increased risk of a new cardiovascular event.
CONCLUSIONS
AAPR may be a better predictor of mortality than the more novel BTMs, and higher AAPR could be associated with longer life expectancy. Further studies should determine the clinical usefulness of AAPR as a biomarker of mortality and cardiovascular disease.
PubMed: 38644839
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29639 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Apr 2024Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a prevalent degenerative spinal disease, typically causing severe neurological dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays...
BACKGROUND
Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a prevalent degenerative spinal disease, typically causing severe neurological dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in the regulation of skeletal development. However, the mechanism KLF5 plays in OLF remains unclear, necessitating further investigative studies.
METHODS
qRT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and western blot were used to measure the expression of KLF5. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining (ARS), and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase activity assay and ChIP-PCR were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms.
RESULTS
KLF5 was significantly upregulated in OLF fibroblasts in contrast to normal ligamentum flavum (LF) fibroblasts. Silencing KLF5 diminished osteogenic markers and mineralized nodules, while its overexpression had the opposite effect, confirming KLF5's role in promoting ossification. Moreover, KLF5 promotes the ossification of LF by activating the transcription of Connexin 43 (CX43), and overexpressing CX43 could reverse the suppressive impact of KLF5 knockdown on OLF fibroblasts' osteogenesis.
CONCLUSION
KLF5 promotes the OLF by transcriptionally activating CX43. This finding contributes significantly to our understanding of OLF and may provide new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Cells, Cultured; Connexin 43; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Ligamentum Flavum; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 38622696
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04702-2 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Mar 2024Regeneration of dentin and odontoblasts from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is essential for permanent tooth maintenance. However, the identity and role of endogenous...
Regeneration of dentin and odontoblasts from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is essential for permanent tooth maintenance. However, the identity and role of endogenous DPSCs in reparative dentinogenesis are elusive. Here, using pulp single-cell analysis before and after molar eruption, we revealed that endogenous DPSCs are enriched in GFP coronal papilla-like cells with Cre labeling. These GFP cells are long-term repopulating cells that contribute to the majority of pulp cells and new odontoblasts after eruption. Upon molar injury, DPSCs localize into the injury site and differentiate into new odontoblasts, forming -GFP and -GFP dentinal tubules and reparative dentin. Single-cell and FACS analysis showed that GFP DPSCs are the most primitive cells with stem cell marker expression and odontoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that labels postnatal DSPCs, which are the main source of pulp cells and new odontoblasts with reparative dentinogenesis .
PubMed: 38585950
DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586156 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in tooth-supporting tissues. Controlling inflammation and alleviating periodontal tissue destruction are key...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in tooth-supporting tissues. Controlling inflammation and alleviating periodontal tissue destruction are key factors in periodontal therapy. This study aimed to develop an in situ curcumin/zinc oxide (Cur/ZNP) hydrogel and investigate its characteristics and effectiveness in the treatment of periodontitis.
METHODS
Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assays were performed in vitro. To evaluate the effect of the in situ Cur/ZNP hydrogel on periodontitis in vivo, an experimental periodontitis model was established in Sprague‒Dawley rats via silk ligature and inoculation of the maxillary first molar with Porphyromonas gingivalis. After one month of in situ treatment with the hydrogel, we examined the transcriptional responses of the gingiva to the Cur/ZNP hydrogel treatment and detected the alveolar bone level as well as the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the periodontal tissues of the rats.
RESULTS
Cur/ZNPs had synergistic inhibitory effects on P. gingivalis and good biocompatibility. RNA sequencing of the gingiva showed that immune effector process-related genes were significantly induced by experimental periodontitis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1), which is involved in the negative regulation of bone resorption, was differentially regulated by the Cur/ZNP hydrogel but not by the Cur hydrogel or ZNP hydrogel. The Cur/ZNP hydrogel also had a stronger protective effect on alveolar bone resorption than both the Cur hydrogel and the ZNP hydrogel.
CONCLUSION
The Cur/ZNP hydrogel effectively inhibited periodontal pathogenic bacteria and alleviated alveolar bone destruction while exhibiting favorable biocompatibility.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Curcumin; Hydrogels; Disease Models, Animal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Periodontitis; Alveolar Bone Loss; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Organometallic Compounds; Pyridines
PubMed: 38549147
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04054-7 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ozone therapy (OZN) on peri-implant bone repair in critical bones by installing osseointegrated implants in the...
OBJECTIVE
the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ozone therapy (OZN) on peri-implant bone repair in critical bones by installing osseointegrated implants in the tibia of ovariectomized rats.
METHODOLOGY
ovariectomy was performed on 30 Wistar rats, aged six months (Rattus novergicus), and, after 90 days, osseointegrated implants were installed in each tibial metaphysis. The study groups were divided into the animals that received intraperitoneal ozone at a concentration of 700 mcg/kg - OZ Group (n=15) - and a control group that received an intraperitoneal saline solution and, for this reason, was named the SAL group (n=15). The applications for both groups occurred during the immediate post-operative period on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th day post-surgery. At various stages (14, 42, and 60 days), the animals were euthanized, and tests were performed on their tibiae. These tests include histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, computerized microtomography, sampling in light-cured resin for calcified sections, and confocal microscopy. The obtained data were then analyzed using One-way ANOVA and the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and student t-tests (P<0.05).
RESULTS
our findings indicate that the OZ group (3.26±0.20 mm) showed better cellular organization and bone neoformation at 14 days (SAL group, 0.90±1.42 mm) (P=0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteocalcin labeling was moderate in the OZ group and mild in the SAL group at 14 and 42 days post-surgery. The data from the analysis of calcified tissues (microtomography, histometric, and bone dynamism analysis) at 60 days showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P=0.32).
CONCLUSION
it was concluded that ozone therapy anticipated the initial phases of the peri-implant bone repair process.
Topics: Female; Rats; Animals; Humans; Osseointegration; Rats, Wistar; Osteocalcin; Tibia; Titanium; Ovariectomy; Dental Implants
PubMed: 38536992
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0172 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jun 2024Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many skeletal diseases by inducing osteocyte death. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid...
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many skeletal diseases by inducing osteocyte death. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of various antioxidant gene expressions through antioxidant response element (ARE) against cellular oxidative stress and can be induced by various stimulants, including the phytochemicals methysticin (MET) and L-sulforaphane (SFN). This study aimed to establish an osteocyte in vitro model to investigate the pharmacological effects of MET and SFN on the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
METHODS
MLO-Y4 murine osteocytes and the stably transduced MLO-Y4-SIN-lenti-ARE reporter gene cell line were used. MET and SFN were used as Nrf2 inducers. The cytotoxicity of MET, SFN, and hydrogen peroxide (HO) was evaluated using the CytoTox-Glo™ Assay. Time- and dose-dependent ARE induction was examined by Monoluciferase Assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 target markers, such as heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), were detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenesis markers, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were compared with and without treatment by immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS
The experimental data showed that MET and SFN induced ARE activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant markers compared to vehicle-treated controls. The protein expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the samples treated with SFN were significantly higher than without treatment, and the number of cell death treated with SFN was significantly lower than without treatment under HO-induced stress conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Nrf2 inducers MET and SFN increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes through the Nrf2/ARE pathway in osteocytes. Notably, SFN increased the protein expression of osteocyte-associated osteogenic markers and suppressed cell death under HO-induced stress condition. Thus, Nrf2 stimulators can exert stress-relieving and osteogenic effects on osteocytes.
Topics: Animals; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Mice; Osteocytes; Signal Transduction; Isothiocyanates; Sulfoxides; Antioxidant Response Elements; Cell Line; Oxidative Stress; Hydrogen Peroxide; Antioxidants; Osteopontin; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Heme Oxygenase-1; Thioredoxin Reductase 1
PubMed: 38521364
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152260 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Previous findings indicated that the laser photobiomodulation is more effective than the control or placebo in preserving the alveolar socket. This study aimed to...
Previous findings indicated that the laser photobiomodulation is more effective than the control or placebo in preserving the alveolar socket. This study aimed to compare two different lasers regarding their effectiveness in aiding alveolar socket preservation. Twenty extraction sockets were selected then divided into two equal groups. Group A was exposed to 650 nm Diode laser, and Group B to 810 nm Diode laser following the same protocol and parameters after a standard alveolar socket preservation procedure with collagen plug. Radiographic analysis with cone beam computed tomography was done to compare the alveolar bone surface area immediately after extraction and three months post-operatively, while bone samples collected before implant drilling were histologically examined for newly formed bone evaluation and histomorphometric analysis in terms of percentage of new bone surface area, percentage of unmineralized bone and finally, immunohistochemical analysis of Osteocalcin reaction surface area as well as optical density. Radiographically, infrared (810 nm) Diode effect on alveolar bone surface area has significantly exceeded the red laser, while histologically, red (650 nm) Diode has demonstrated statistical significance regarding all parameters; newly formed bone surface area percentage, unmineralized bone area percentage and finally Osteocalcin bone marker reaction surface area percentage and optical density. Under the specified conditions and laser parameters, photobiomodulation using the 810 nm Diode got the upper hand radiographically, yet histologically, the red 650 nm Diode managed to dominate all histological parameters when both employed as an adjunct to alveolar socket preservation procedures.
Topics: Humans; Alveolar Process; Tooth Socket; Lasers, Semiconductor; Osteocalcin; Low-Level Light Therapy; Tooth Extraction; Alveolar Bone Loss
PubMed: 38519552
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57114-x -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Mar 2024Osteoporosis poses a significant health challenge characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. Percutaneous kyphoplasty, a common treatment, aims...
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis poses a significant health challenge characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. Percutaneous kyphoplasty, a common treatment, aims to stabilize vertebral fractures. However, adjunctive therapies like zoledronic acid remain underexplored in improving postoperative outcomes and bone health in these patients.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 in treating osteoporosis, providing valuable clinical insights.
METHODS
A cohort of sixty-six osteoporosis patients who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty and received subsequent treatment at our hospital between March 2020 and March 2022 were selected. Thirty-three patients received calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 (control group), while the remaining thirty-three patients were treated with zoledronic acid alongside calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 (research group). Pre- and post-treatment assessments included bone mineral density measurements, bone metabolism and turnover marker evaluations, symptom improvement assessments using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), monitoring of adverse reactions, and assessment of quality of life using the Core Quality of Life questionnaire (QOL-C30). A one-year follow-up was conducted to determine re-fracture incidence.
RESULTS
Post-treatment, the research group exhibited significantly lower VAS, ODI, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, and osteocalcin levels compared to the control group, while bone alkaline phosphatase levels were higher (P < .05). There was no significant difference in adverse reaction incidence between the groups (P > .05), but the research group demonstrated higher QOL-C30 scores (P < .05). Follow-up analysis revealed no notable difference in re-fracture rates between the groups (P > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Zoledronic acid in combination with calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 effectively enhances bone health in osteoporosis patients, warranting its clinical recommendation. This regimen shows promise for improving patient outcomes in osteoporosis management.
PubMed: 38518159
DOI: No ID Found