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BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... May 2024The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training (HCRT) on...
Effects of HIIT training and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training on measures of physical fitness, miRNA expression, and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese middle-aged women.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training (HCRT) on selected measures of physical fitness, the expression of miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and - 155 as well as metabolic risk factors including lipid profiles and insulin resistance in middle-aged overweight/obese women.
METHODS
Twenty-seven overweight/obese women aged 35-50 yrs. were randomized to HIIT (n = 14) or HCRT (n = 13) groups. The HIIT group performed running exercises (5 reps x 4 min per session) with active recovery between repetitions for 10 weeks with 5 weekly sessions. The HCRT group performed 10 weeks of HIIT and resistance training with 3 weekly HIIT sessions and 2 weekly HCRT sessions. Anthropometric measures (e.g., body mass), selected components of physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength), levels of miRNAs (miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and - 155), lipid profiles (total cholesterol; TC, Triglycerides; TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C), and insulin resistance; HOMA-IR index, were measured at baseline and week 10.
RESULTS
An ANOVA analysis indicated no significant group by time interactions (p > 0.05) for all anthropometric measures, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO). A significant group by time interaction, however, was found for the one-repetition maximum (IRM; p < 0.001, ES= 0.751 , moderate). A post-hoc test indicated an increase in the pre-to-post mean 1RM for HCRT (p = 0.001, ES = 1.83, large). There was a significant group by time interaction for miR-155 (p = 0.05, ES = 0.014, trivial). Levels for miR-155 underwent pre-to-post HIIT increases (p = 0.045, ES = 1.232, large). Moreover, there were also significant group by time interactions for TC (p = 0.035, ES = 0.187, trivial), TG (p < 0.001, ES = 0.586, small), LDL-C (p = 0.029, ES = 0.200, small) and HDL-C (p = 0.009, ES = 0.273, small). Post-hoc tests indicated pre-post HCRT decreases for TC (p = 0.001, ES = 1.44, large) and HDL-C (p = 0.001, ES = 1.407, large). HIIT caused pre-to-post decreases in TG (p = 0.001, ES = 0.599, small), and LDL-C (p = 0.001, ES = 0.926, moderate).
CONCLUSIONS
Both training regimes did not improve cardiovascular fitness. But, HCRT improved lower/upper limb muscle strength, and HIIT resulted in an increase in miR-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, HIIT and HCRT each improved selected metabolic risk factors including lipid profiles and glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight/obese middle-aged women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
OSF, October, 4th 2023. Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UZ92E . osf.io/tc5ky . "Retrospectively registered".
PubMed: 38812051
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00904-7 -
PloS One 2024Studies indicate that the rated perceived exertion (RPE) during physical exercise can be lower in field environments than indoors. The environmental conditions of those...
PURPOSE
Studies indicate that the rated perceived exertion (RPE) during physical exercise can be lower in field environments than indoors. The environmental conditions of those studies are explored. Furthermore, we study if the same phenomenon is valid when cycling indoors versus in cycle commuting environments with high levels of stimuli from both traffic and suburban-urban elements.
METHODS
Twenty commuter cyclists underwent measurements of heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) and RPE assessments for breathing and legs, respectively, while cycling in both laboratory and field conditions. A validated mobile metabolic system was used in the field to measure [Formula: see text]O2. Three submaximal cycle ergometer workloads in the laboratory were used to establish linear regression equations between RPE and % of HR reserve (%HRR) and %[Formula: see text]O2max, separately. Based on these equations, RPE from the laboratory was predicted and compared with RPE levels at the participants' individual cycle commutes at equal intensities. The same approach was used to predict field intensities and for comparisons with corresponding measured intensities at equal RPE levels.
RESULTS
The predicted RPE levels based on the laboratory cycling were significantly higher than the RPE levels in cycle commuting at equal intensities (67% of HRR; 65% of [Formula: see text]O2max). For breathing, the mean RPE levels were; 14.0-14.2 in the laboratory and 12.6 in the field. The corresponding levels for legs were; 14.0-14.2 and 11.5. The range of predicted field intensities in terms of %HRR and %[Formula: see text]O2max was 46-56%, which corresponded to median differences of 19-30% compared to the measured intensities in field at equal RPE.
CONCLUSION
The cycle commuters perceived a lower exertion during their cycle commutes compared to ergometer cycling in a laboratory at equal exercise intensities. This may be due to a higher degree of external stimuli in field, although influences from other possible causes cannot be ruled out.
Topics: Humans; Physical Exertion; Adult; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Heart Rate; Bicycling; Perception; Exercise; Female; Exercise Test; Young Adult
PubMed: 38809815
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300776 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine May 2024Physical activity is a crucial demand on cystic fibrosis treatment management. The highest value of oxygen uptake (VO) is an appropriate tool to evaluate the physical... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Physical activity is a crucial demand on cystic fibrosis treatment management. The highest value of oxygen uptake (VO) is an appropriate tool to evaluate the physical activity in these patients. However, there are several other valuable CPET parameters describing exercise tolerance (W, VO, VO VO/HR, etc.), and helping to better understand the effect of specific treatment (V, V, V/V etc.). Limited data showed ambiguous results of this improvement after CFTR modulator treatment. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor medication improves pulmonary function and quality of life, whereas its effect on CPET has yet to be sufficiently demonstrated.
METHODS
We performed a single group prospective observational study of 10 adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis who completed two CPET measurements between January 2019 and February 2023. During this period, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment was initiated in all of them. The first CPET at the baseline was followed by controlled CPET at least one year after medication commencement. We focused on interpreting the data on their influence by the novel therapy. We hypothesized improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following treatment. We applied the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The data were adjusted for age at the time of CPET to eliminate bias of aging in adolescent patients.
RESULTS
We observed significant improvement in peak workload, VO, VO, VO, V/VCO slope, V, V, RQ, VO/HR peak and RR peak. The mean change in VOpeak was 5.7 mL/kg/min, or 15.9% of the reference value (SD ± 16.6; p= 0.014). VO improved by 15% of the reference value (SD ± 0.1; p= 0.014), VOimproved by 0.5 (SD ± 0.4; p= 0.01). There were no differences in other parameters.
CONCLUSION
Exercise tolerance improved after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment initiation. We suggest that the CFTR modulator alone is not enough for recovering physical decondition, but should be supplemented with physical activity and respiratory physiotherapy. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of CFTR modulators and physical therapy on cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.
Topics: Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Adolescent; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Pilot Projects; Indoles; Benzodioxoles; Quinolones; Aminophenols; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Drug Combinations; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Exercise Test; Pyrroles; Exercise Tolerance; Oxygen Consumption; Child; Pyrrolidines
PubMed: 38807122
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03069-8 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Exercise elicits physiological adaptations, including hyperpnea. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced hyperpnea remain unresolved. Skeletal muscle acts as...
Exercise elicits physiological adaptations, including hyperpnea. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced hyperpnea remain unresolved. Skeletal muscle acts as a secretory organ, releasing irisin (IR) during exercise. Irisin can cross the blood-brain barrier, influencing muscle and tissue metabolism, as well as signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). We evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injection of IR in adult male rats on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic function during sleep-wake cycle under room air, hypercapnia and hypoxia. Central IR injection caused an inhibition on ventilation (V) during wakefulness under normoxia, while peripheral IR reduced V during sleep. Additionally, central IR exacerbates hypercapnic hyperventilation by increasing V and reducing oxygen consumption. As to cardiovascular regulation, central IR caused an increase in heart rate (HR) across all conditions, while no change was observed following peripheral administration. Finally, central IR attenuated the hypoxia-induced regulated hypothermia and increase sleep episodes, while peripheral IR augmented CO-induced hypothermia, during wakefulness. Overall, our results suggest that IR act mostly on CNS exerting an inhibitory effect on breathing under resting conditions, while stimulating the hypercapnic ventilatory response and increasing HR. Therefore, IR seems not to be responsible for the exercise-induced hyperpnea, but contributes to the increase in HR.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Fibronectins; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Heart Rate; Sleep; Wakefulness; Oxygen Consumption; Muscle, Skeletal; Respiration; Myokines
PubMed: 38806563
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62650-7 -
Heliyon May 2024This study monitored the process and investigated the quality of compost obtained from different biomasses. Five blends of agri-food waste were composted by a laboratory...
This study monitored the process and investigated the quality of compost obtained from different biomasses. Five blends of agri-food waste were composted by a laboratory pilot plant named COMPOSTER, that is designed to optimize biodegradation, and produce compost efficiently. The COMPOSTER consists of two 35-liter nearly adiabatic, aerated bioreactors that simulate an industrial process involving the typical sequence of mesophilic-thermophilic-mesophilic phases. It continuously monitors and records temperature, internal pressure, and biomass weight, while controlling and quantifying oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions resulting from aerobic biodegradation. All composts were characterized for their main chemical, physical, and molecular features, as well as their suppressiveness against f.sp. (FOL), tested on tomato seedlings. Optimized biodegradation yielded 50-60 % mature compost with a cumulative oxygen consumption ranging from 282 to 456 gO per kg of dry matter, with peaks of 2.55 gO per kg of volatile solids per hour, and carbon dioxide emissions of 22-36 % of the initial carbon content, with peaks of 5.89 g CO per kg of volatile solids per hour. Blends containing more ligno-cellulosic ingredients showed higher yields and lower CO emissions. Most of the nitrogen present initially was retained in the final compost; indeed, all mixtures exhibited an apparent nitrogen concentration increase due to carbon loss. Composting determined deep modifications in the molecular structure of the organic matter. C CPMAS-NMR and off-line thermochemolysis GC-MS analyses highlighted decomposition degree of polysaccharides and peptidic moieties, selective preservation of aliphatic and aromatic recalcitrant compounds, and optimal ongoing humification. All composts were non-phytotoxic, except for that including pepper crop residues, and all resulted rich in macro- and micro-elements for plant nutrition and proved to be active in controlling FOL disease. Compost comprising 81.2 % tomato crop waste exhibited the best growth performance and pathogen control on tomato. Mature, non-phytotoxic, nutrient-rich, and suppressive composts represent promising by-products that can be successfully recycled in agriculture, including high-value applications, leading to lower use of fertilizers and pesticides.
PubMed: 38803888
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31059 -
From surgery to functional capacity: muscle strength modifications in women post sleeve gastrectomy.BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... May 2024Severe obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat generating a general health decline. Multidisciplinary treatment of obesity leads to significant weight...
BACKGROUND
Severe obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat generating a general health decline. Multidisciplinary treatment of obesity leads to significant weight loss in a few patients; therefore, many incur bariatric surgery. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate changes in functional capacity of people with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and, in parallel, to correlate pre-surgery functional capacity with weight loss to improve exercise prescription during pre-operatory stage.
METHODS
sixty women with diagnosed obesity were included. Maximal oxygen consumption, upper and lower limb strength and level of physical activity were recorded 1 month before and 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy.
RESULTS
significant reduction on body weight (-30.1 kg) and Body Mass Index (-11.4 kg/m) were highlighted after surgery. Absolute grip strength decreased significantly (-1.1 kg), while body weight normalized grip and lower limb strength increased significantly. The level of physical activity increased especially in leisure time (+ 593 METs/week) and active transport (+ 189.3 METs/week). Pre-surgery BMI and age predicted the amount of weight loss after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Sleeve gastrectomy induces a reduction of muscle strength despite the increase of time spent in physical activity. Further research is necessary to integrate these results with data on body composition, and objective evaluation of physical activity level to define useful information for exercise prescription in terms of surgery pre-habilitation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Padova University Hospital Board (protocol n. 2027 dated January 12, 2017).
PubMed: 38802963
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00910-9 -
International Journal of Cardiology.... Jun 2024Remote cardiac rehabilitation has proven useful in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, the methodology had not been fully validated. This study aimed to...
Efficacy and safety of remote cardiac rehabilitation in the recovery phase of cardiovascular diseases (RecRCR study): A multicenter, nonrandomized, and interventional trial in Japan.
BACKGROUNDS
Remote cardiac rehabilitation has proven useful in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, the methodology had not been fully validated. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) with real-time monitoring and an ergometer using a bidirectional communication tool during the recovery phase of cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
This multicenter, nonrandomized, interventional study was conducted at 29 institutions across Japan and enrolled patients with cardiovascular diseases who met indications for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after receiving in-hospital treatment. The RCR group exercised at home using an ergometer and was monitored in real-time using interactive video and monitoring tools for 2-3 months. Educational instructions were provided concurrently through e-learning approaches. The safety of the RCR protocol and the improvement in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) were compared with those of the historical control group that participated in center-based CR.
RESULTS
Fifty-three patients from the RCR group were compared with 103 historical controls having similar background characteristics. No patients in RCR experienced significant cardiovascular complications while engaging in exercise sessions. After 2-3 months of RCR, the peak VO2 improved significantly, and the increases in the RCR group did not exhibit any significant differences compared to those in the historical controls. During follow-up, the proportion of patients whose exercise capacity increased by 10% or more was also evaluated; this finding did not indicate a statistically significant distinction between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
RCR during the recovery phase of cardiovascular diseases proved equally efficient and safe as center-based CR.
PubMed: 38799401
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101421 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024Heart failure (HF) significantly affects the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. New therapeutic strategies aim to improve the functional capacity and...
BACKGROUND
Heart failure (HF) significantly affects the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. New therapeutic strategies aim to improve the functional capacity and quality of life of patients while controlling HF-related risks. Real-world data on both the functional and cardiopulmonary exercise capacities of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction upon sacubitril/valsartan use are lacking.
METHODS
A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, called REAL.IT, was performed based on the data collected from the electronic medical records of nine specialized HF centers in Italy. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed at baseline and after 12 months of sacubitril/valsartan therapy, monitoring carbon dioxide production (VCO) and oxygen consumption (VO).
RESULTS
The functional capacities of 170 patients were evaluated. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes (i.e., 53.5 and 32.4%, respectively). At follow-up, both the VO peak (from 15.1 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min at baseline to 17.6 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min at follow-up, < 0.0001) and the predicted % VO peak (from 55.5 ± 14.1 to 65.5 ± 16.9, < 0.0001) significantly increased from baseline. The VO at the anaerobic threshold (AT-VO) increased from 11.5 ± 2.6 to 12.5 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min ( = 0.021), and the rate ratio between the oxygen uptake and the change in work (ΔVO/Δwork slope) improved from 9.1 ± 1.5 to 9.9 ± 1.6 ml/min/W ( < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Sacubitril/valsartan improves the cardiopulmonary capacity of patients with HFrEF in daily clinical practice in Italy.
PubMed: 38798920
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1347908 -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024As a key factor in determining testis size and sperm number, sertoli cells (SCs) play a crucial role in male infertility. Heat stress (HS) reduces SCs counts, negatively...
As a key factor in determining testis size and sperm number, sertoli cells (SCs) play a crucial role in male infertility. Heat stress (HS) reduces SCs counts, negatively impacting nutrient transport and supply to germ cells, and leading to spermatogenesis failure in humans and animals. However, how HS affects the number of SCs remains unclear. We hypothesized that changes in SC metabolism contribute to the adverse effects of HS. In this study, we first observed an upregulation of arachidonic acid (AA), an unsaturated fatty acid after HS exposure by LC-MS/MS metabolome detection. By increasing ROS levels, expression of KEAP1 and NRF2 proteins as well as LC3 and LAMP2, 100 µM AA induced autophagy in SCs by activating oxidative stress (OS). We observed adverse effects of AA on mitochondria under HS with a decrease of mitochondrial number and an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We also found that AA alternated the oxygen transport and absorption function of mitochondria by increasing glycolysis flux and decreasing oxygen consumption rate as well as the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins Complex I, II, V. However, pretreatment with 5 mM NAC (ROS inhibitor) and 2 µM Rotenone (mitochondrial ETC inhibitor) reversed the autophagy induced by AA. In summary, AA modulates autophagy in SCs during HS by disrupting mitochondrial ETC function, inferring that the release of AA is a switch-like response, and providing insight into the underlying mechanism of high temperatures causing male infertility.
Topics: Male; Sertoli Cells; Autophagy; Animals; Mitochondria; Heat-Shock Response; Arachidonic Acid; Up-Regulation; Electron Transport; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38797842
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05182-y -
Bioresource Technology May 2024The present work has estimated greenhouse gas emissions in aerobic and anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Italy. Greenhouse gases emissions from each...
The present work has estimated greenhouse gas emissions in aerobic and anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Italy. Greenhouse gases emissions from each treatment unit were calculated based on emission factors related to Chemical Oxygen Demand removal for biogenic CO and CH assessment and on Nitrogen removal for NO. NO, biogenic CO and CH emissions vary for aerobic and anaerobic-based WWTPs respectively from 73 kgCO/PE*y for anaerobic plants to 91 kgCO/PE*y for aerobic plants. In aerobic and anaerobic digestion systems WWTPs the contributions to CO total emissions from NO, CH, biogenic CO, and fossil CO are 30 %-33 %, 20 %-29 %, 22 %-25 %, and 26 %-16 %, respectively. NO emissions from biological processes were found the most contributing sources of greenhouse gases while in the physical processes higher contribution is indirect carbon dioxide related to energy consumption. Compensatory measures are reported to reduce greenhouse gases emissions.
PubMed: 38797361
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130897