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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Genitourinary syndrome, previously defined as vulvovaginal atrophy, manifests with signs and symptoms deriving from estrogen diminution in the female genitourinary...
: Genitourinary syndrome, previously defined as vulvovaginal atrophy, manifests with signs and symptoms deriving from estrogen diminution in the female genitourinary tract. Stable ozonides are derivatives of artemisinin found to be stable against strong basic and acidic conditions. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant diminishing the output of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation of fats and the emanation of free radicals, reducing cellular injury and aging. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the positive effects of an ozonide plus a vitamin E acetate-based compound (Ozoile) on genitourinary syndrome symptom relief after a maximum of 20 days of treatment. : The inclusion criteria for patients' enrollment were women of child-bearing age or in menopause reporting genitourinary syndrome's related symptoms, such as pain, burning, a bad smell, dyspareunia, dryness, itching, bleeding, and nervousness. The exclusion criteria were Sjogren's syndrome and patients administered retinoic acid, an agent that causes mucosal dryness. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after 20 days of treatment. : The incidence of pain decreased from 16.7% to 11.8% (-value < 0.0001). In addition, the mean symptom intensity decreased from 2.10 to 0.87 (-value < 0.0001). Dryness was the most frequent pre-treatment symptom and decreased from 85.5% to 53.8% (-value < 0.0001) (mean: 2.21 vs. 0.90; -value < 0.0001). : Ozoile was effective in reducing most gynecologic symptoms related to genitourinary syndrome. However, further studies are needed to compare its effect with other standards of care.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Syndrome; Vitamin E; Antioxidants; Female Urogenital Diseases; Atrophy; Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38929497
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060880 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on hemogram, serum biochemistry and hemostatic variables in female dogs undergoing...
BACKGROUND
This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on hemogram, serum biochemistry and hemostatic variables in female dogs undergoing laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH).
MATERIALS
Thirty adult, mixed-breed, healthy female dogs were randomly divided into the following three groups: HBOT + SURG (exposed to two absolute atmospheres (ATAs) for 45 min followed by laparoscopic-assisted OVH), HBOT (exposed to two ATAs for 45 min) and SURG (laparoscopic-assisted OVH). Blood samples were collected at T0 (at the admission), at T1, 24 h after T0 (immediately after HBOT in the HBOT + SURG and HBOT groups, and immediately before anesthetic premedication in the SURG group), and at T2, 48 h after T0 (24 h after HBOT and anesthetic premedication).
METHODS
Assessments included erythrogram, leukogram, thrombogram, renal and hepatic serum biochemistry, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and bloodstain area (BA) on hygroscopic paper collected at the BMBT.
RESULTS
Both the HBOT + SURG and SURG groups presented neutrophilia ( ≤ 0.0039) at T2 and an increase of ALP at T2 ( ≤ 0.0493), the SURG group presented an increase in leukocyte count at T2 ( = 0.0238) and the HBOT + SURG group presented a reduction in lymphocyte count at T2 ( = 0.0115). In the HBOT + SURG group, there was a reduction in PT and APTT in relation to the baseline value ( ≤ 0.0412).
CONCLUSIONS
A session of HBOT at two ATAs for 45 min did not cause changes in the BMBT or BA in healthy female dogs. Some blood parameters investigated (neutrophil and lymphocyte count, ALP, PT and APTT) were affected by the use of HBOT.
PubMed: 38929404
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121785 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This is a single-center retrospective study to assess the safety and tolerability of continuous inhaled iloprost use as rescue therapy for refractory pulmonary...
This is a single-center retrospective study to assess the safety and tolerability of continuous inhaled iloprost use as rescue therapy for refractory pulmonary hypertension (PH) in critically ill neonates and infants. A retrospective chart review was performed on 58 infants and data were collected at baseline, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of iloprost initiation. Primary outcomes were change in heart rate (HR), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO), mean airway pressures (MAP), blood pressure (BP) and oxygenation index (OI). Secondary outcomes were need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and death. 51 patients treated for >6 h were analyzed in 2 age groups, neonate (≤28 days: n = 32) and infant (29-365 days: n = 19). FiO ( < 0.001) and OI ( = 0.01) decreased, while there were no significant changes in MAP, BP and HR. Of the fifteen patients placed on ECMO, seven were bridged off ECMO on iloprost and eight died. Twenty-four out of fifty-one patients (47%) recovered without requiring ECMO, while twelve (23%) died. Iloprost as add-on therapy for refractory PH in critically ill infants in the NICU has an acceptable tolerability and safety profile. Large prospective multicenter studies using iloprost in the neonatal ICU are necessary to validate these results.
PubMed: 38929282
DOI: 10.3390/children11060703 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Oxidative stress and apoptosis cell death are critical secondary damage mechanisms that lead to losing neighboring healthy tissue after cerebral ischemia. This study...
Oxidative stress and apoptosis cell death are critical secondary damage mechanisms that lead to losing neighboring healthy tissue after cerebral ischemia. This study aims to characterize the type of interaction between dapsone (DDS) and cannabidiol (CBD) and its cytoprotective effect in an in vitro model of oxygen and glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 24 h of reoxygenation (OGD/R), using the SH-SY5Y cell line. For the combined concentrations, an isobolographic study was designed to determine the optimal concentration-response combinations. Cell viability was evaluated by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Also, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed as oxidative stress markers. Finally, caspase-3 activity was evaluated as a marker cell death by apoptosis. The results showed a decrease in cell viability, an increase in oxidant stress, and the activity of caspase-3 by the effect of OGD/R. Meanwhile, both DDS and CBD demonstrated antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and cytoprotective effects in a concentration-response manner. The isobolographic study indicated that the concentration of 2.5 µM of DDS plus 0.05 µM of CBD presented a synergistic effect so that in treatment, cell death due to OGD/R decreased. The findings indicate that DDS-CBD combined treatment may be a helpful therapy in cerebral ischemia with reperfusion.
PubMed: 38929144
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060705 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Affecting millions of people worldwide, chronic kidney disease is a serious medical problem. It results in a decrease in glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73... (Review)
Review
Affecting millions of people worldwide, chronic kidney disease is a serious medical problem. It results in a decrease in glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m, albuminuria, abnormalities in urine sediment and pathologies detected by imaging studies lasting a minimum of 3 months. Patients with CKD develop uremia, and as a result of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the body, patients can be expected to suffer from a number of medical consequences such as progression of CKD with renal fibrosis, development of atherosclerosis or increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Another key element in the pathogenesis of CKD is oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of antioxidants and the production of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress contributes to damage to cellular proteins, lipids and DNA and increases inflammation, perpetuating kidney dysfunction. Additionally, renal fibrogenesis involving the accumulation of fibrous tissue in the kidneys occurs. In our review, we also included examples of forms of therapy for CKD. To improve the condition of CKD patients, pharmacotherapy can be used, as described in our review. Among the drugs that improve the prognosis of patients with CKD, we can include: GLP-1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors, Finerenone monoclonal antibody-Canakinumab and Sacubitril/Valsartan.
PubMed: 38929126
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060687 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Considering the high frequency of malignant breast tumors, there is a growing search for new therapeutic strategies that control neoplastic growth and dissemination,...
Considering the high frequency of malignant breast tumors, there is a growing search for new therapeutic strategies that control neoplastic growth and dissemination, combined with fewer adverse reactions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of ozone therapy in female dogs with mammary cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Twenty-five canines diagnosed with malignant mammary neoplasia were divided into two groups: one treated with carboplatin alone ( = 11) and the other with carboplatin associated with ozone therapy ( = 14). Clinical and laboratory evaluations, mastectomy, analysis of the oxidative profile based on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), survival rate, and quality of life were performed. Animals in the ozone therapy group had higher concentrations of red blood cells and platelets, significantly improving the survival rate and quality of life. Furthermore, adverse reactions were less intense and frequent in this group, which was associated with an increase in TAC and a reduction in MDA. These results indicate that the combination of carboplatin and ozone therapy represents a promising complementary treatment for female dogs with mammary cancer, as it was associated with fewer adverse reactions and a better oxidative profile.
PubMed: 38929112
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060673 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Red light (670 nm) energy controls vasodilation via the formation of a transferable endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)-precursor-containing substance, its...
Red light (670 nm) energy controls vasodilation via the formation of a transferable endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)-precursor-containing substance, its intracellular traffic, and exocytosis. Here we investigated the underlying mechanistic effect of oxidative stress on light-mediated vasodilation by using pressure myography on dissected murine arteries and immunofluorescence on endothelial cells. Treatment with antioxidants Trolox and catalase decreased vessel dilation. In the presence of catalase, a lower number of exosomes were detected in the vessel bath. Light exposure resulted in increased cellular free radical levels. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were also more abundant but did not alter cellular ATP production. Red light enhanced the co-localization of late exosome marker CD63 and cellular S-nitrosoprotein to a greater extent than high glucose, suggesting that a mild oxidative stress favors the localization of NO precursor in late exosomes. Exocytosis regulating protein Rab11 was more abundant after irradiation. Our findings conclude that red-light-induced gentle oxidative stress facilitates the dilation of blood vessels, most likely through empowering the traffic of vasodilatory substances. Application of antioxidants disfavors this mechanism.
PubMed: 38929107
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060668 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases, are caused by abnormal expansions within specific genes. These expansions... (Review)
Review
Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases, are caused by abnormal expansions within specific genes. These expansions trigger a cascade of cellular damage, including protein aggregation and abnormal RNA binding. A key contributor to this damage is oxidative stress, an imbalance of reactive oxygen species that harms cellular components. This review explores the interplay between oxidative stress and the NRF2 pathway in these disorders. NRF2 acts as the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, orchestrating the expression of enzymes that combat oxidative stress. Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders often exhibit impaired NRF2 signaling, resulting in inadequate responses to excessive ROS production. NRF2 activation has been shown to upregulate antioxidative gene expression, effectively alleviating oxidative stress damage. NRF2 activators, such as omaveloxolone, vatiquinone, curcumin, sulforaphane, dimethyl fumarate, and resveratrol, demonstrate neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress in experimental cell and animal models of these diseases. However, translating these findings into successful clinical applications requires further research. In this article, we review the literature supporting the role of NRF2 in the pathogenesis of these diseases and the potential therapeutics of NRF2 activators.
PubMed: 38929088
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060649 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Recent research suggests that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) positively impacts the vascular function associated with various cerebrovascular diseases. Nevertheless,...
Recent research suggests that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) positively impacts the vascular function associated with various cerebrovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which PBMT improves vascular function remain ambiguous. Since endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is crucial in regulating vascular function following cerebral ischemia, we investigated whether eNOS is a key element controlling cerebrovascular function and the senescence of vascular endothelial cells following PBMT treatment. Both rat photothrombotic (PT) stroke and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced vascular endothelial injury models were utilized. We demonstrated that treatment with PBMT (808 nm, 350 mW/cm, 2 min/day) for 7 days significantly reduced PT-stroke-induced vascular permeability. Additionally, PBMT inhibited the levels of endothelial senescence markers (senescence green and p21) and antiangiogenic factor (endostatin), while increasing the phospho-eNOS (Ser1177) in the peri-infarct region following PT stroke. In vitro study further indicated that OGD increased p21, endostatin, and DNA damage (γH2AX) levels in the brain endothelial cell line, but they were reversed by PBMT. Intriguingly, the beneficial effects of PBMT were attenuated by a NOS inhibitor. In summary, these findings provide novel insights into the role of eNOS in PBMT-mediated protection against cerebrovascular senescence and endothelial dysfunction following ischemia. The use of PBMT as a therapeutic is a promising strategy to improve endothelial function in cerebrovascular disease.
PubMed: 38929072
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060633 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) is a common cause for hospital admission. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is increasingly used as a first-line treatment for... (Review)
Review
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) is a common cause for hospital admission. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is increasingly used as a first-line treatment for patients with ARF, including in medical wards. Clinical guidance is crucial when providing HFNO, and health services use local health guidance documents (LHGDs) to achieve this. It is unknown what hospital LHGDs recommend regarding ward administration of HFNO. This study examined Australian hospitals' LHGDs regarding ward-based HFNO administration to determine content that may affect safe delivery. A scoping review was undertaken on 2 May 2022 and updated on 29 January 2024 to identify public hospitals' LHGDs regarding delivery of HFNO to adults with ARF in medical wards in two Australian states. Data were extracted and analysed regarding HFNO initiation, monitoring, maintenance and weaning, and management of clinical deterioration. Of the twenty-six included LHGDs, five documents referenced Australian Oxygen Guidelines. Twenty LHGDs did not define a threshold level of hypoxaemia where HFNO use was recommended over conventional oxygen therapy. Thirteen did not provide target oxygen saturation ranges whilst utilising HFNO. Recommendations varied regarding maximal levels of inspired oxygen and flow rates in the medical ward. Eight LHGDs did not specify any system to identify and manage deteriorating patients. Five LHGDs did not provide guidance for weaning patients from HFNO. There was substantial variation in the LHGDs regarding HFNO care for adult patients with ARF in Australian hospitals. These findings have implications for the delivery of high-quality, safe clinical care in hospitals.
Topics: Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Humans; Australia; Respiratory Insufficiency; Hospitals; Oxygen
PubMed: 38928951
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060705