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Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain :... Oct 2011
Topics: Androgens; Child; Humans; Male; Oxymetholone; Peliosis Hepatis
PubMed: 21733770
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.05.012 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Nov 2010Anti-erythropoietin antibodies usually cross-react with all kinds of recombinant erythropoietins; therefore, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)-induced pure red-cell...
Improvement in erythropoieis-stimulating agent-induced pure red-cell aplasia by introduction of darbepoetin-α when the anti-erythropoietin antibody titer declines spontaneously.
Anti-erythropoietin antibodies usually cross-react with all kinds of recombinant erythropoietins; therefore, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)-induced pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) is not rescued by different ESAs. Here, we present a case of ESA-induced PRCA in a 36-yr-old woman with chronic kidney disease, whose anemic condition improved following reintroduction of darbepoetin-α. The patient developed progressive, severe anemia after the use of erythropoietin-α. As the anemia did not improve after the administration of either other erythropoietin-α products or erythropoietin-β, all ESAs were discontinued. Oxymetholone therapy failed to improve the transfusion-dependent anemia and a rechallenge with ESAs continuously failed to obtain a sustained response. However, her anemia improved following reintroduction of darbepoetin-α at 3 yr after the initial diagnosis. Interestingly, anti-erythropoietin antibodies were still detectable, although their concentration was too low for titration. In conclusion, darbepoetin-α can improve ESA-induced PRCA when the anti-erythropoietin antibody titer declines and its neutralizing capacity is lost.
Topics: Adult; Anemia; Antibodies; Bone Marrow Cells; Darbepoetin alfa; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythropoietin; Female; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Hematinics; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Oxymetholone; Recombinant Proteins; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
PubMed: 21060762
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.11.1676 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2009Peliosis hepatis is a rare pathological entity and may cause fatal hepatic hemorrhage and liver failure. Here, we present a young male patient with aplastic anemia, who...
Peliosis hepatis is a rare pathological entity and may cause fatal hepatic hemorrhage and liver failure. Here, we present a young male patient with aplastic anemia, who had received long-term treatment with oxymetholone. The patient suffered from sudden onset of intra-abdominal hemorrhage with profuse hemoperitoneum. The patient was treated successfully with a right hemihepatectomy and is in good health after 13 postoperative months. We suggest that peliosis hepatis be considered in patients with hepatic parenchymal hematoma, especially in patients under prolonged synthetic anabolic steroid medication. The possibility of a potentially life-threatening complication of massive intra-abdominal bleeding should also be considered.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Gastroenterology; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Peliosis Hepatis; Rupture, Spontaneous; Steroids; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19916182
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5493 -
Addiction & Health 2009Athletes, especially bodybuilders, abuse anabolic steroid drugs to improve their strength and enhance their muscle growth and appearance. This study was conducted to...
Frequency of Anabolic Steroids Abuse in Bodybuilder Athletes in Kerman City†This article has been published in the Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in Persian language.
BACKGROUND
Athletes, especially bodybuilders, abuse anabolic steroid drugs to improve their strength and enhance their muscle growth and appearance. This study was conducted to determine the type and frequency of anabolic steroids abuse in bodybuilder athletes in Kerman City.
METHODS
A confidential questionnaire which included demographic data (age, education), name of abused anabolic drug and duration of drug abuse was completed by 202 bodybuilder athletes, and the collected data were analyzed using Chi Square test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
FINDINGS
The frequency of anabolic steroid abuse was 18.8%. The mean period of bodybuilding activity was significantly higher in those used the anabolic drugs (38.8 months), comparing to those did not use any drugs (14.3 months). Oxymetholone was the most common drug used by athletes (42% merely used Oxymetholone). The frequency of anabolic steroids abuse was not related to education and age of the bodybuilder athletes.
CONCLUSION
Bodybuilder athletes in Kerman city abuse anabolic steroids, and the health care system should plan to inform them about anabolic steroid adverse effects.
PubMed: 24494079
DOI: No ID Found -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Mar 2009The financial burden of caring for iron-related complications (IRCs) is an emerging medical problem in Korea, as in Western countries. We produced a preliminary estimate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND/AIMS
The financial burden of caring for iron-related complications (IRCs) is an emerging medical problem in Korea, as in Western countries. We produced a preliminary estimate of the costs of treating patients for IRCs.
METHODS
The medical records of patients who had received multiple transfusions were reviewed. Newly developed cardiomyopathy, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer were defined as IRCs. The costs of laboratory studies, medication, oxygenation, intervention, and education were calculated using working criteria we defined. Costs that had a definite causal relationship with IRCs were included to produce as accurate an estimate as possible.
RESULTS
Between 2002 and 2006, 650 patients with hematologic diseases, including 358 with acute leukemia, 102 with lymphoma, 58 with myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disease, 46 with multiple myeloma, and 31 with chronic leukemia, received more than 10 units of red blood cells. Nine patients developed IRCs. The primary diagnoses of eight patients were aplastic anemia and that of one patient was chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Two patients who had diabetes were excluded because one was treated at another hospital and the other was diagnosed as oxymetholone-induced diabetes. Of the seven patients included, liver cirrhosis developed in two, heart failure in four, and diabetes mellitus in three. Some of them had two diagnoses. The total cost attributed to IRCs for the seven patients was 47,388,241 KRW (approximately 50,000 USD).
CONCLUSIONS
The medical costs of IRCs are considerable, and more effective iron-chelating therapy is necessary to save medical resources and improve patient care. More in the way of comprehensive health and economic studies of IRCs are needed to allow both clinicians and health-policy makers to make better decisions.
Topics: Adult; Costs and Cost Analysis; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Female; Health Care Costs; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Iron; Iron Chelating Agents; Iron Overload; Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 19270479
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2009.24.1.33 -
Analytical Sciences : the International... Sep 2008The use of anabolic steroids in racehorses is strictly regulated. We have developed a method for the simultaneous analysis of 11 anabolic steroids: fluoxymesterone,...
The use of anabolic steroids in racehorses is strictly regulated. We have developed a method for the simultaneous analysis of 11 anabolic steroids: fluoxymesterone, 17alpha-methyltestosterone, mestanolone, methandienone, methandriol, oxymetholone, boldenone, furazabol, methenolone, nandrolone, and stanozolol, for possible application to a doping test in racehorses. We selected 15 kinds of target substances for a doping test from the main metabolites of these anabolic steroids, and established a method for simultaneous analysis. Urine was hydrolyzed and subjected to solid-phase extraction. Then, the residue from the extracts was derivatized by trimethylsilylation. The derivatized samples were subjected to ion-trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and their mass chromatograms and product ion spectra were obtained. The limit of detection of the target substances was 5-50 ng/mL, and the mean recovery and coefficient of variation were 71.3-104.8% and 1.1-9.5%, respectively.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Doping in Sports; Female; Horses; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Steroids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors
PubMed: 18781036
DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1199 -
British Journal of Haematology Sep 2007
Topics: Adult; Androgens; Child; Cysts; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskeratosis Congenita; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Male; Oxymetholone; Splenic Diseases; Splenic Rupture
PubMed: 17760812
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06718.x -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Jun 2005Androgens remain a common treatment for certain type of anemia, based upon its myelostimulating effects; however, it has not been established whether androgens affect...
Androgens remain a common treatment for certain type of anemia, based upon its myelostimulating effects; however, it has not been established whether androgens affect apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We investigated the effects of the androgens, such as testosterone, 5beta-dihydrotestosterone (5-DHT), and oxymetholone, on apoptosis of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Androgens did not rescue normal bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells and colony-forming cells (CFCs), other than mature erythroid CFCs, from apoptosis induced by serum- and growth factor deprivation. Oxymetholone did not affect growth factor-mediated survival of normal CD34+ cells or its inhibition by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In a standard methylcellulose clonogenic assay, low concentrations of oxymetholone and 5-DHT stimulated the clonal growth of colony-forming unit (CFU)-erythroid, but did not affect growth of CFU-granulocyte/macrophage or burst-forming unit-erythroid. Oxymetholone and 5-DHT stimulated the production of stem cell factor in normal bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) via transcriptional regulation. In agreement with this, oxymetholone-treated BMSCs better supported the survival of HPCs. These data indicate that survival-enhancing or growth-stimulatory effects of androgens on hematopoietic progenitor cells are minimal and mostly restricted to mature erythroid progenitors, and its myelostimulating effects could be attributed, at least in part, to the stimulation of production of hematopoietic growth factors in BMSCs.
Topics: Androgens; Antigens, CD34; Apoptosis; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL12; Chemokines, CXC; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Cytokines; Dihydrotestosterone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Oxymetholone; RNA, Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Testosterone; Time Factors
PubMed: 15953861
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2005.20.3.409 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine May 2005Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illicitly at high doses by bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to the liver,... (Review)
Review
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illicitly at high doses by bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to the liver, including cellular adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We report two very different cases of adult male bodybuilders who developed hepatocellular adenomas following AAS abuse. The first patient was asymptomatic but had two large liver lesions which were detected by ultrasound studies after routine medical examination. The second patient was admitted to our hospital with acute renal failure and ultrasound (US) studies showed mild hepatomegaly with several very close hyperecogenic nodules in liver, concordant with adenomas at first diagnosis. In both cases the patients have evolved favourably and the tumours have shown a tendency to regress after the withdrawal of AAS. The cases presented here are rare but may well be suggestive of the natural course of AAS induced hepatocellular adenomas. In conclusion, sportsmen taking AAS should be considered as a group at risk of developing hepatic sex hormone related tumours. Consequently, they should be carefully and periodically monitored with US studies. In any case, despite the size of the tumours detected in these two cases, the possibility of spontaneous tumour regression must also be taken in account.
Topics: Adenoma, Liver Cell; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anabolic Agents; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methenolone; Nandrolone; Nandrolone Decanoate; Oxymetholone; Stanozolol; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Substance-Related Disorders; Testosterone; Testosterone Propionate; Ultrasonography; Weight Lifting
PubMed: 15849280
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.013599 -
American Journal of Hematology Nov 2004The association between anabolic androgenic steroids and liver tumors was first noted in patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). The hypotheses which led to this review... (Review)
Review
The association between anabolic androgenic steroids and liver tumors was first noted in patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). The hypotheses which led to this review were as follows: (1) androgen-treated individuals who do not have FA are also at risk of liver tumors; (2) parenteral as well as oral androgens may be responsible for liver tumors; (3) FA patients develop liver tumors after smaller and briefer androgen exposure than non-FA individuals; (4) the risk of hepatic neoplasms may depend on the specific androgen. Medline and Web of Science were searched for all cases of liver tumors associated with androgens. Information from individual cases was entered into a spreadsheet and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Thirty-six FA cases and 97 non-FA cases with both nonhematologic disorders and acquired aplastic anemia (non-FA AA) were identified. The most common androgens were oxymetholone, methyltestosterone, and danazol. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were more often associated with oxymetholone and methyltestosterone, while adenomas were associated with danazol. Tumors were reported in six patients who received only parenteral and not oral androgens. FA patients were younger than non-FA patients when androgen use was initiated, and the FA patients developed tumors at younger ages. Non-AA patients were treated with androgens for longer periods of time, compared with FA and non-FA AA patients. All patients on anabolic androgenic steroids are at risk of liver tumors, regardless of underlying diagnosis. The magnitude of the risk cannot be determined from currently available data, because the number of patients receiving androgens is unknown.
Topics: Adenoma, Liver Cell; Adult; Aged; Anabolic Agents; Androgens; Anemia, Aplastic; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Danazol; Estrogen Antagonists; Fanconi Anemia; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Methyltestosterone; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; Oxymetholone; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15495253
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20183