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Cancer Cytopathology Oct 2014
Comparative Study
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genetic Testing; Humans; Male; Oxyphil Cells; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule
PubMed: 25123593
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21472 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jul 2014
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Humans; Male; Oxyphil Cells; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 24706512
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21420 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jul 2014
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Humans; Male; Oxyphil Cells; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 24706500
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21419 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 2014Parathyroid adenomas (PAs) causing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are histologically heterogeneous yet have been historically viewed as largely monotypic entities...
Parathyroid adenomas (PAs) causing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are histologically heterogeneous yet have been historically viewed as largely monotypic entities arising from clonal expansion of a single transformed progenitor. Using flow cytometric analysis of resected adenomatous parathyroid glands, we have isolated and characterized chief cells, oxyphil cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The parathyroid chief and oxyphil cells produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), express the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), and mobilize intracellular calcium in response to CASR activation. Parathyroid tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are T cells by immunophenotyping. Under normocalcemic conditions, oxyphil cells produce ∼50% more PTH than do chief cells, yet display significantly greater PTH suppression and calcium flux response to elevated calcium. In contrast, CASR expression and localization are equivalent in the respective parathyroid cell populations. Analysis of tumor clonality using X-linked inactivation assays in a patient-matched series of intact tumors, preparatively isolated oxyphil and chief cells, and laser-captured microdissected PA specimens demonstrate polyclonality in 5 of 14 cases. These data demonstrate the presence of functionally distinct oxyphil and chief cells within parathyroid primary adenomas and provide evidence that primary PA can arise by both clonal and polyclonal mechanisms. The clonal differences, biochemical activity, and relative abundance of these parathyroid adenoma subpopulations likely reflect distinct mechanisms of disease in PHPT.
Topics: Calcium; DNA Primers; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunoblotting; Immunophenotyping; Laser Capture Microdissection; Microscopy, Electron; Oxyphil Cells; Parathyroid Hormone; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 24510902
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319742111 -
Cancer Cytopathology Apr 2014Although the cytological assessment of Hürthle cell lesions is challenging, the literature offers good, albeit imperfect, guidance to aid in the crucial distinction... (Review)
Review
Although the cytological assessment of Hürthle cell lesions is challenging, the literature offers good, albeit imperfect, guidance to aid in the crucial distinction between nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The significance of a cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type, lies in the rate of malignancy on follow-up surgical excision, ranging in the literature from 10% to 45%. A cytodiagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Hürthle cell type, appears to be associated with a lower risk of malignancy on follow-up than other subtypes of AUS; however, this area warrants further investigation.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Needs Assessment; Oxyphil Cells; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 24436122
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21391 -
Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990) 2013Given the context that rectal tumours respond to a certain degree to radiotherapy, a necessity arises for estimating a tumour's capacity to react to radiation from the...
AIM
Given the context that rectal tumours respond to a certain degree to radiotherapy, a necessity arises for estimating a tumour's capacity to react to radiation from the very moment of diagnostic biopsy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We have histologically and immunohistochemically analysed tissues coming from 52 patients with rectal adenocarcinomas.
RESULTS
Of the studied parameters, the ones presenting significant variation under radiotherapy in terms of statistics(p 0.05) were: colloid type (p=0.001), EGFR in the tumour(p=0.00045), EGFR in the normal epithelium (p=0.0017),VEGF in the tumour (p=0.0132) and VEGF in the tumour stroma (p=0.030).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study follows the same trends as the medical literature we have consulted regarding the variation of EGFR and VEGF with radiotherapy, and the distinct note of our study relies in the observation that normal stroma in case of rectal tumors also reacts to radiotherapy, sometimes more aggressively than the tumor itself, especially in which concerns the nerve and muscle fibers.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Oxyphil Cells; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Rectal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 24157103
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Stress & Chaperones May 2014The role Hsp60 might play in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is under investigation, but little information exists pertaining to Hashimoto's thyroiditis...
Elevated blood Hsp60, its structural similarities and cross-reactivity with thyroid molecules, and its presence on the plasma membrane of oncocytes point to the chaperonin as an immunopathogenic factor in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The role Hsp60 might play in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is under investigation, but little information exists pertaining to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). With the aim to fill this gap, in the present work, we directed our attention to Hsp60 participation in HT pathogenesis. We found Hsp60 levels increased in the blood of HT patients compared to controls. The chaperonin was immunolocalized in thyroid tissue specimens from patients with HT, both in thyrocytes and oncocytes (Hurthle cells) with higher levels compared to controls (goiter). In oncocytes, we found Hsp60 not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane, as shown by double immunofluorescence performed on fine needle aspiration cytology. By bioinformatics, we found regions in the Hsp60 molecule with remarkable structural similarity with the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) molecules, which supports the notion that autoantibodies against TG and TPO are likely to recognize Hsp60 on the plasma membrane of oncocytes. This was also supported by data obtained by ELISA, showing that anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies cross-react with human recombinant Hsp60. Antibody-antigen (Hsp60) reaction on the cell surface could very well mediate thyroid cell damage and destruction, perpetuating inflammation. Experiments with recombinant Hsp60 did not show stimulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HT patients. All together, these results led us to hypothesize that Hsp60 may be an active player in HT pathogenesis via an antibody-mediated immune mechanism.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Autoantibodies; Cell Membrane; Chaperonin 60; Computational Biology; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Goiter; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Integrins; Iodide Peroxidase; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxyphil Cells; Structural Homology, Protein; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Young Adult
PubMed: 24057177
DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0460-9 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jul 2013Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare but well characterized biphasic salivary gland malignancy with several variant morphologies. Oncocytic and apocrine... (Review)
Review
Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare but well characterized biphasic salivary gland malignancy with several variant morphologies. Oncocytic and apocrine EMCa are uncommon variants that constitute up to 8 % of all EMCa. Both variants invoke an eosinophilic or oncocytic differential diagnosis and challenge the traditional requirement of clear myoepithelial cells for EMCa. Oncocytic EMCa occurs in patients a decade older than conventional EMCa. This variant is often papillary with calcification and associated with sebaceous components and occurs in older individuals. Apocrine EMCa is named for its apocrine ductal component, which may be mistaken for salivary duct carcinoma. In this variant, the epithelial component often shows overgrowth in a cribriform or even solid pattern and is immunophenotypically defined by androgen receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 positivity. The most important aspect of differentiating both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa from other salivary oncocytic tumors is recognition of the biphasic nature of these variants and confirmation that the abluminal outer layer consists of plump, 'activated' myoepithelial cells, regardless of tinctorial characteristics. Both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa behave very indolently in the limited literature to date.
Topics: Apocrine Glands; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Myoepithelioma; Oxyphil Cells; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 23821213
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0461-0 -
Endocrine Journal 2013A 46 year-old male presented with persistently high level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), despite successful resection of an oxyphilic cell parathyroid adenoma of... (Review)
Review
A 46 year-old male presented with persistently high level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), despite successful resection of an oxyphilic cell parathyroid adenoma of the left lower gland. Renal function and serum calcium were normal, leading to vitamin D deficiency being considered. Tc99m-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy showed no capitation, but a cervical ultrasound demonstrated an increase in the lower parathyroids. Surgery confirmed that the right gland was normal but the left corresponded to parathyroid carcinoma. The patient developed severe hypocalcemia, with PTH values being consistent with hypoparathyroidism for a few months. However, a progressive increase in calcium and PTH serum levels indicated recurrence of disease. Tc99m-sestamibi scintigraphy demonstrated hyperfixation in topography of the left inferior parathyroid and the patient was subjected to a third and more extensive surgery, with removal of lymph nodes and adjacent thyroid tissue. Serum calcium and PTH remained elevated, requiring loop diuretics and intravenous bisphosphonates to control hypercalcemia. Cervical radiotherapy was implemented as adjuvant therapy. After two months the patient complained of dyspnea, and a CT scan of the chest demonstrated areas of parenchymal condensation, suggestive of actinic pneumonitis. At the 2-year follow-up no major issues were evident.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Brazil; Carcinoma; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Hypocalcemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23268928
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jan 2013The most difficult thyroid tumors to be diagnosed by cytology and histology are conventional follicular carcinomas (cFTCs) and oncocytic follicular carcinomas (oFTCs).... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
The most difficult thyroid tumors to be diagnosed by cytology and histology are conventional follicular carcinomas (cFTCs) and oncocytic follicular carcinomas (oFTCs). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been previously found to be consistently deregulated in papillary thyroid carcinomas; however, very limited information is available for cFTC and oFTC. The aim of this study was to explore miRNA deregulation and find candidate miRNA markers for follicular carcinomas that can be used diagnostically.
DESIGN
Thirty-eight follicular thyroid carcinomas (21 cFTCs, 17 oFTCs) and 10 normal thyroid tissue samples were studied for expression of 381 miRNAs using human microarray assays. Expression of deregulated miRNAs was confirmed by individual RT-PCR assays in all samples. In addition, 11 follicular adenomas, two hyperplastic nodules (HNs), and 19 fine-needle aspiration samples were studied for expression of novel miRNA markers detected in this study.
RESULTS
The unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated individual clusters for cFTC and oFTC, indicating the difference in miRNA expression between these tumor types. Both cFTCs and oFTCs showed an up-regulation of miR-182/-183/-221/-222/-125a-3p and a down-regulation of miR-542-5p/-574-3p/-455/-199a. Novel miRNA (miR-885-5p) was found to be strongly up-regulated (>40-fold) in oFTCs but not in cFTCs, follicular adenomas, and HNs. The classification and regression tree algorithm applied to fine-needle aspiration samples demonstrated that three dysregulated miRNAs (miR-885-5p/-221/-574-3p) allowed distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinomas from benign HNs with high accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study we demonstrate that different histopathological types of follicular thyroid carcinomas have distinct miRNA expression profiles. MiR-885-5p is highly up-regulated in oncocytic follicular carcinomas and may serve as a diagnostic marker for these tumors. A small set of deregulated miRNAs allows for an accurate discrimination between follicular carcinomas and hyperplastic nodules and can be used diagnostically in fine-needle aspiration biopsies.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Algorithms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cluster Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MicroRNAs; Microarray Analysis; Oxyphil Cells; Prognosis; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 23150679
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2694