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International Journal of Clinical and... 2012Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare salivary gland tumour composed of adipose tissue and oncocytic epithelial cells in varied proportions. This tumour is still not included... (Review)
Review
Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare salivary gland tumour composed of adipose tissue and oncocytic epithelial cells in varied proportions. This tumour is still not included in the current WHO classification of salivary gland neoplasms. We herein report a further case of oncocytic lipoadenoma originating in the parotid gland of a 55-year-old woman. The tumour presented as a slowly growing asymptomatic left-sided parotid gland mass. The resected tumour measured 2.7 cm in maximum diameter and was composed of oncocytoma-like epithelial component admixed with mature adipocytes that made up 10% of the whole mass. Foci of sebaceous differentiation were seen. This rare variant of lipomatous salivary gland tumours is in need of more recognition and should be distinguished from other fat-containing salivary gland lesions, particularly lipomatous pleomorphic adenoma and myoepithelioma.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oxyphil Cells; Parotid Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden; Young Adult
PubMed: 23119120
DOI: No ID Found -
Korean Journal of Pathology Apr 2012Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx is a rare condition which is characterized by the presence of usually a small, brown to black colored pigmented lesion...
Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx is a rare condition which is characterized by the presence of usually a small, brown to black colored pigmented lesion around the Eustachian tube opening. Although it is a benign lesion, it may be clinically misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma. Microscopically, melanotic oncocytic metaplasia is a combination of oncocytic metaplasia of the epithelium of the gland and melanin pigmentation in its cytoplasm. In our present study, we report three cases of melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx. All the three cases occurred in men and were presented as multiple black pigmented lesions around the torus tubarius. Microscopically, mucous glands with diffuse oncocytic metaplasia and numerous black pigments were observed. No cellular atypia was observed. Immunohistochemically, the scattering of S-100 protein-positive, and human melanoma black 45-negative dendritic melanocytes was evident. This is the first report of cases of melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx in Korea.
PubMed: 23110002
DOI: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.201 -
Endocrinology Aug 2012Hürthle cells have long been described in Hashimoto thyroiditis but remain of undetermined significance. We have previously shown that Hürthle cells and hypothyroidism...
Hürthle cells have long been described in Hashimoto thyroiditis but remain of undetermined significance. We have previously shown that Hürthle cells and hypothyroidism develop in C57BL/6J mice expressing interferon-γ (IFNγ) in the thyroid. To assess the influence of genetic backgrounds on Hürthle cell development, we crossed C57BL/6J IFNγ transgenic mice to 14 strains and analyzed thyroid histopathology and function in a cohort of 389 mice (225 transgenic and 164 wild type) using a multiple linear regression model that also included strain, sex, genotype, and major histocompatibility complex haplotype. We then queried the Johns Hopkins surgical pathology electronic archive for "Hashimoto" and/or "thyroiditis" keywords, reviewed the reports, and reexamined the Hashimoto slides. Hürthle cells were markedly affected by the genetic background: they were prominent and associated with hypothyroidism in the C57BL/6J, C57BL/6ByJ, C57BL/10J, C57BLKS/J, C57L/J, C58/J, and BPN/3J IFNγ transgenic strains, whereas they are mild or absent in the BPH/2J, BPL/1J, LP/J, CBA/J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, and NOD/ShiLtJ strains. Hürthle cells were the strongest predictor of hypothyroidism after adjusting for all the other covariates in the regression model. Interestingly, transgenic mice of the BPL/1J, DBA/1J, and NOD/ShiLtJ strains developed a marked accumulation of intrathyroidal brown adipocytes that was significantly associated with improved thyroid function. Hürthle cells were mentioned in 23% of the Hashimoto reports but increased to 79% upon our slide review. This study reports a novel association of Hürhtle cells and brown adipocytes on thyroid function that should prompt a reconsideration of their significance and role in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Topics: Animals; Hypothyroidism; Interferon-gamma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Oxyphil Cells
PubMed: 22719056
DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1236 -
PloS One 2012Recurrent non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is a rare disease. We initially characterized 27 recurrent NMTC: 13 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), 10 oncocytic...
BACKGROUND
Recurrent non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is a rare disease. We initially characterized 27 recurrent NMTC: 13 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), 10 oncocytic follicular carcinomas (FTC-OV), and 4 non-oncocytic follicular carcinomas (FTC). A validation cohort composed of benign and malignant (both recurrent and non-recurrent) thyroid tumours was subsequently analysed (n = 20).
METHODS
Data from genome-wide SNP arrays and flow cytometry were combined to determine the chromosomal dosage (allelic state) in these tumours, including mutation analysis of components of PIK3CA/AKT and MAPK pathways.
RESULTS
All FTC-OVs showed a very distinct pattern of genomic alterations. Ten out of 10 FTC-OV cases showed near-haploidisation with or without subsequent genome endoreduplication. Near-haploidisation was seen in 5/10 as extensive chromosome-wide monosomy (allelic state [A]) with near-haploid DNA indices and retention of especially chromosome 7 (seen as a heterozygous allelic state [AB]). In the remaining 5/10 chromosomal allelic states AA with near diploid DNA indices were seen with allelic state AABB of chromosome 7, suggesting endoreduplication after preceding haploidisation. The latter was supported by the presence of both near-haploid and endoreduplicated tumour fractions in some of the cases. Results were confirmed using FISH analysis. Relatively to FTC-OV limited numbers of genomic alterations were identified in other types of recurrent NMTC studied, except for chromosome 22q which showed alterations in 6 of 13 PTCs. Only two HRAS, but no mutations of EGFR or BRAF were found in FTC-OV. The validation cohort showed two additional tumours with the distinct pattern of genomic alterations (both with oncocytic features and recurrent).
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate that recurrent FTC-OV is frequently characterised by genome-wide DNA haploidisation, heterozygous retention of chromosome 7, and endoreduplication of a near-haploid genome. Whether normal gene dosage on especially chromosome 7 (containing EGFR, BRAF, cMET) is crucial for FTC-OV tumour survival is an important topic for future research. MICROARRAYS: Data are made available at GEO (GSE31828).
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Neoplasm; Disease Progression; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Dosage; Genes, Neoplasm; Genome, Human; Haploidy; Homozygote; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxyphil Cells; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Recurrence; Reproducibility of Results; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 22675538
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038287 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Aug 2012Parathyroid oxyphil cells, whose function is unknown, are thought to be derived from chief cells. Oxyphil cells increase in number in parathyroid glands of patients with...
CONTEXT
Parathyroid oxyphil cells, whose function is unknown, are thought to be derived from chief cells. Oxyphil cells increase in number in parathyroid glands of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are even more abundant in patients receiving treatment for hyperparathyroidism with calcitriol and/or the calcimimetic cinacalcet.
OBJECTIVE
We examined oxyphil and chief cells of parathyroid glands of CKD patients for differential expression of genes important to parathyroid function.
DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Parathyroid tissue from CKD patients with refractory hyperparathyroidism was immunostained for gene expression studies.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Immunostaining for PTH, PTHrP, calcium-sensing receptor, glial cells missing 2, vitamin D receptor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase, and cytochrome c was quantified and expression reported for oxyphil and chief cells.
RESULTS
Expression of all proteins analyzed, except for the vitamin D receptor, was higher in oxyphil cells than in chief cells.
CONCLUSION
Human parathyroid oxyphil cells express parathyroid-relevant genes found in the chief cells and have the potential to produce additional autocrine/paracrine factors, such as PTHrP and calcitriol. Additional studies are warranted to define the secretory properties of these cells and clarify their role in parathyroid pathophysiology.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nuclear Proteins; Oxyphil Cells; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; Receptors, Calcitriol; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 22585091
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3366 -
PloS One 2011Dicer is a type III ribonuclease required for the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the...
Dicer is a type III ribonuclease required for the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. To explore the functional role of miRNAs in thyroid gland function, we generated a thyrocyte-specific Dicer conditional knockout mouse. Here we show that development and early differentiation of the thyroid gland are not affected by the absence of Dicer, while severe hypothyroidism gradually develops after birth, leading to reduced body weight and shortened life span. Histological and molecular characterization of knockout mice reveals a dramatic loss of the thyroid gland follicular architecture associated with functional aberrations and down-regulation of several differentiation markers. The data presented in this study show for the first time that an intact miRNAs processing machinery is essential for thyroid physiology, suggesting that deregulation of specific miRNAs could be also involved in human thyroid dysfunctions.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Differentiation; Embryo, Mammalian; Enzyme Activation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mice; Mice, Knockout; MicroRNAs; Morphogenesis; Oxyphil Cells; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; Ribonuclease III; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 22132122
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027648 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2011Histologic and immunohistochemical features of oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been fully elucidated. The author herein report a case of...
Histologic and immunohistochemical features of oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been fully elucidated. The author herein report a case of oncocytic papillary RCC (OPRCC). A 71-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy was found to have a small right renal tumor by CT. He had been treated with hemodialysis for chronic renal failure for 10 years. A nephrectomy was performed. Grossly, a small (1.5cm) encapsulated yellow tumor was found in the kidney. Histologically, the tumor was completely encapsulated, and consisted entirely of atypical oncocytes arranged in a diffuse papillary structure with fibrovascular cores. The oncocytes showed grade 3 atypia and pseudostratification. A few mitotic figures were seen, and psammoma bodies, foamy macrophages, and hemosiderin were scattered. Histochemically, the tumor cells were positive for colloidal iron, and negative for mucins (Alcian blue/PAS). Immunohistochemical results of the tumor were as follows: α-methylacyl-coenzyme A rasemase (AMACR) +++, vimentin +++, cytokeratin (CK) 18 +++, CD10 +++, S-100 protein +, MUC1 ++, MUC2 ++, MUC5AC ++, MUC6 ++, panCK Cam5.2 +, CK7 +, CK8 +, CK14 +, CK19 +, CK20 +, p53 +, HepPar1 +, CD68 +, platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFRA) +, PanCK AE1/3 -, PanCK WSS -, PanCK MNF115 -, CK 35BE12 -, CK5/6 -, EMA -, desmin -, smooth muscle antigen -, α-fetoprotein -, CEA -, estrogen receptor -, progesterone receptor -, HER2 -, p63 -, and KIT -. Ki67 labeling was 6%. These results suggest that OPRCC can express colloidal iron, low molecular weight CKs, S100 protein, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53, PDGFRA, and HepPar1.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Nephrectomy; Oxyphil Cells; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 22076171
DOI: No ID Found -
Korean Journal of Urology Sep 2011Oncocytoma is a neoplasm consisting of oncocytes that is found in the salivary gland, kidney, and thyroid. Adrenocortical oncocytoma is particularly uncommon, and most...
Oncocytoma is a neoplasm consisting of oncocytes that is found in the salivary gland, kidney, and thyroid. Adrenocortical oncocytoma is particularly uncommon, and most cases reported are benign and nonfunctioning. Here, we report a 20 cm adrenal mass associated with necrosis that was identified as an oncocytic adrenocortical tumor with uncertain malignant potential through histopathological evaluation after its resection.
PubMed: 22025964
DOI: 10.4111/kju.2011.52.9.650 -
The Oncologist 2011Hürthle cells (HCs) and HC change, along with the frequently employed synonyms "oncocytes/oncocytic change" or "oxyphils/oxyphilic change," are not infrequently... (Review)
Review
Hürthle cells (HCs) and HC change, along with the frequently employed synonyms "oncocytes/oncocytic change" or "oxyphils/oxyphilic change," are not infrequently described on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) reports of thyroid lesions. The description of HCs on FNAB reports may cause significant concern to the clinician; however, placing the finding in the appropriate clinical context may alleviate some anxiety. Not all oxyphilic cells are true HCs and not every aspirate containing HCs is or should be considered equivalent to an HC neoplasm (HCN). There are many benign thyroid lesions associated with HCs or HC change. For clinicians, it may be difficult to discern the significance of these findings and to determine an appropriate course of action. A skilled and experienced cytopathologist is invaluable in discriminating the subtle features that distinguish these lesions from those warranting a more aggressive approach. The diagnosis of HC carcinoma relies on histopathologic scrutiny and evidence of capsular and/or vascular invasion or metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs. Many investigators have sought clinical, radiographic, cytological, genetic, and other factors to attempt to discriminate preoperatively between benign and malignant HCNs. To date, none have been definitively proven to be reliable. For now, because of the inability to determine the benign or malignant nature of such neoplasms based on cytology alone, a surgical approach is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Oxyphil Cells; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 21964000
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0253 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2011Parathyroid adenomas are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Biological studies have shown that parathyroid adenomas are monoclonal proliferations. Up...
OBJECTIVE
Parathyroid adenomas are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Biological studies have shown that parathyroid adenomas are monoclonal proliferations. Up to date, five cell types have been identified in normal parathyroid tissues; chief cells, vacuolated chief cells, dark chief cells, oxyphil cells and transitional oxyphil cells. Most parathyroid adenomas are predominantly composed of chief cells. In this study, we aimed to indicate the relationship between the predominant cell type in parathyroid adenomas and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 antigen, and serum parathormone levels and the gland weight.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
15 cases who had a diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas were included in the study. Histopathologically, the predominant cell type was determined in all the cases. Paraffin blocks were immunohistochemically stained with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67.
RESULTS
The average parathormone level of the cases was 239.52 ± 36.61 pg/ml before surgery. Mean gland weight was 1.69 ± 0.49 g. Two of the cases showed atypical adenoma characteristics. The predominant cell type was vacuolated chief cell. Immunohistochemical investigation showed that the mean average Ki-67 index value was 4.26 ± 0.86%. The mean proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was 93.20± 45.72/10³. There was a meaningful relationship between gland weights and serum parathormone levels. There was no meaningful relationship between predominant cell types and serum parathormone levels, proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, and Ki-67 index. The chief cell was identified as the predominant cell type.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that parathyroid adenomas come into existence as a result of neoplastic proliferation of chief cells, especially vacuolated chief cells.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Biopsy; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Turkey
PubMed: 21935871
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2011.01078