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The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jan 2022To investigate the prevalence of morphological and attachment variations of the maxillary labial frenum (MLF) and associated factors in preschool children.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of morphological and attachment variations of the maxillary labial frenum (MLF) and associated factors in preschool children.
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,313 children aged between zero and five years of age attending public nurseries in the city of Canoas in southern Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire addressing demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics and a clinical examination of the MLF. Assessments of MLF morphology and attachment were based on the classification systems proposed by Sewerin and Mirko et al., respectively.
RESULTS
The most prevalent patterns were simple MLF (63.8%) and gingival attachment (51.1%). Morphological abnormalities were found in 21.6% of the preschoolers and 25.4% exhibited abnormal frenal attachment. Abnormalities in MLF morphology were more prevalent among girls (p = 0.003) and a significant reduction was found with the increase in age (p < 0.001). Attachment abnormalities were significantly more prevalent among girls (p < 0.001), the white ethnic group (p = 0.005), and children who used a pacifier (p = 0.007) and also reduced significantly with the increase in age (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Demographic and behavioral characteristics were associated with MLF morphology and attachment. The reduction in the prevalence of the outcomes with the increase in age suggests that surgical interventions in the first years of life may constitute overtreatment.
Topics: Brazil; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Labial Frenum; Prevalence
PubMed: 35311982
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-46.1.9 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jan 2022The objectives of this study were to: (1) study the prevalence of oral habits among school going children with primary dentition; (2) determine the association of oral...
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to: (1) study the prevalence of oral habits among school going children with primary dentition; (2) determine the association of oral habits with malocclusion in primary dentition; and (3) compare the prevalence of oral habits based on gender, race, age and grade.
STUDY DESIGN
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 625 school going children with a complete set of primary dentitions. A closed-ended questionnaire was developed to gather information about oral habits followed by clinical examination.
RESULTS
The prevalence of oral habits was 42.7%. Finger nail biting (19.5%) was the most prevalent oral habit, whereas self-destructive oral habits (0.7%) were the least prevalent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of (P<0.05): digit sucking habit with distal step molar relationship, class II canine relationship and increased overjet; pacifier sucking habit with presence of distal step molar relationship, class II canine relationship, crossbite and increased overjet; and finger nail biting habit with absence of primate spaces.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly half of the participating children indulged in one or more oral habits. There was significant association between some oral habits and malocclusion traits, indicating the requirement of timely screening and interception.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Habits; Humans; Malocclusion; Nepal; Prevalence; Schools; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 35311976
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-46.1.8 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2022Deleterious oral habits (DOH) have been described as a common finding in pediatric series. Studies have investigated their association with local and systemic health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Deleterious oral habits (DOH) have been described as a common finding in pediatric series. Studies have investigated their association with local and systemic health problems. In this study, the association between DOH and asthma was investigated. PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenThesis were accessed to identify observational studies that evaluated the association between DOH (thumb sucking, pacifier use, onychophagia or nail biting, bottle feeding) and asthma in children aged 2-17 years. Information on DOH was obtained from the verbal report of the children's parents. Asthma diagnosis was performed by a physician or using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. We used a random-effects model to pool the results. The odds ratio (OR) was used as measure of association between DOH and asthma. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess risk of bias. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. Five studies were included and data from 18,733 children aged 2 to 13 years were analyzed. We found an association between bottle feeding and asthma (OR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.13-1.38; p < 0.001) with moderate level of certainty. Despite the association between pacifier use and asthma (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.00-1.24; p = 0.05), the quality of evidence was low. Only one study provided data on nail biting and thumb-sucking, and the individual results showed no association between these habits and asthma. This meta-analysis found an association between bottle feeding, pacifier use, and asthma in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Bottle Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Habits; Humans; Pacifiers; United States
PubMed: 35293504
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0039 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology May 2022With motherhood, women focus on their new baby. They begin to develop new adaptation behaviors to provide the best care for the infant. The study aims to describe the...
BACKGROUND
With motherhood, women focus on their new baby. They begin to develop new adaptation behaviors to provide the best care for the infant. The study aims to describe the adaptive behaviors and concerned thoughts of first-time and repeat mothers.
METHODS
The study was designed in descriptive and cross-sectional type. Data were collected from mothers using a questionnaire and "The scale of being the mother of a baby." The study was completed with 112 mothers who were reached by snowball sampling method and agreed to participate. The data were analyzed at the 95% confidence interval at the p˂.05 significance level.
RESULTS
66.1% of the mothers had a baby for the first time, and 73.2% of the mothers received information/education about baby care. It was determined that they wanted to receive information on topics such as maternal and infant nutrition, diseases, and immunization. A statistically significant difference was found between the age of pacifier use (p = .032). It was determined that mothers got 130.7 points in total from the scale, 88.3 points from the evaluation of motherhood sub-dimension, and 42.3 points from the life change sub-dimension. A statistically significant difference was found between the baby care knowledge/training status and the scale scores.
CONCLUSION
The importance and continuity of education during and after pregnancy has emerged. Nurses are competent people with a key role in this regard, and it is recommended to use individualized care protocols for the training provided.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35277367
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.12.009 -
Pediatrics Apr 2022Maternity care practices have been linked with higher chances of meeting breastfeeding intentions, but this relationship has not been examined using national data on US...
BACKGROUND
Maternity care practices have been linked with higher chances of meeting breastfeeding intentions, but this relationship has not been examined using national data on US low-income women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
METHODS
Using data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 on 1080 women who intended to breastfeed, we estimated risk ratios for associations between (1) each of 6 maternity care practices supportive of breastfeeding (breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, showing mothers how to breastfeed, giving only breast milk, rooming-in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers), (2) each practice adjusted for all other practices, and (3) total number of practices experienced with whether women met their intention to feed only breast milk at 1 month old. Models were adjusted for demographics.
RESULTS
In adjusted models (1), breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, giving only breast milk, and no pacifiers were associated with higher likelihood of meeting prenatal breastfeeding intentions. Adjusting for all other practices (2), initiating breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (risk ratio: 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.6) and giving only breast milk (risk ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval: 3.4-5.7) remained associated with meeting breastfeeding intention. There was a dose-response relationship between number of steps experienced and higher likelihood of meeting prenatal breastfeeding intentions (3).
CONCLUSIONS
Women who experienced maternity care practices supportive of breastfeeding were more likely to meet their prenatal breastfeeding intentions, underscoring the importance of breastfeeding support during the birth hospitalization in enabling mothers to achieve their breastfeeding goals.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Intention; Maternal Health Services; Mothers; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35253063
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052561 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022In this study we describe breastfeeding practices among women from semi-rural communities in southeast Mexico, and explore which factors, modifiable or not, are...
INTRODUCTION
In this study we describe breastfeeding practices among women from semi-rural communities in southeast Mexico, and explore which factors, modifiable or not, are associated with such practices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a formative cross-sectional study that included 143 mothers with infants 4-6 months old, from semi-rural communities in Tabasco, Mexico. We collected data on two categories of factors: (1) women's sociodemographic characteristics, and (2) maternal / infant factors. We first analyzed the frequency of various breastfeeding practices. Then, we classified participants into the up to 1 month of exclusive breastfeeding group ( ≤ 1 m-EBF) and the beyond 1 month EBF group (>1 m-EBF), if they practiced EBF for less or more than 1 month, respectively. We compared the two categories of factors between groups and then, using logistic regression models, explored which factors were associated with practicing >1 m-EBF.
RESULTS
By the end of the 1st month postpartum, 51.7% of participants had abandoned EBF, introduced milk formula (35%), other food (9.1%), non-nutritive liquids (7.7%), or had stopped breastfeeding completely. In the next months, EBF practice fell sharply and mixed feeding grew importantly.Logistic regression models showed that women were more likely to be in the >1 m-EBF group if they lived with the baby's father, had complications during pregnancy, delivered vaginally and attended a health center at least three times postpartum. To the contrary, women were less likely to be practice >1 m-EBF if they gave infants other liquids during their hospital stay; experienced pain or discomfort in breasts/nipples, or used a pacifier after hospitalization; had larger bodies (i.e., higher BMI); and believed that you should give the infant powdered milk or some other food when the baby is not full.
CONCLUSION
Many factors associated with abandoning EBF, particularly in the early postpartum period, are modifiable and can be altered through timely interventions that include giving correct information and ensuring its comprehension; assertive personal counseling and accompaniment must be provided to mothers; and reinforcement during the early postpartum at health facilities and other settings.
PubMed: 35252066
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.826295 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2022Pacifiers have been shown to affect maxillary growth related to the anatomic structure of the palate and forces placed upon it during sucking. This study compares and...
BACKGROUND
Pacifiers have been shown to affect maxillary growth related to the anatomic structure of the palate and forces placed upon it during sucking. This study compares and evaluates the mechanical behavior of pacifiers of different design and size (i.e., fit), identified by brand and size, positioned in age-specific palatal models with respect to both contact area and force when subjected to peristaltic tongue function and intraoral pressure related to non-nutritive sucking.
METHODS
Nonlinear finite element analyses were used to simulate dynamic mechanical interaction between the pacifiers and palates. Time-varying, external pressure loads were applied which represent intraoral pressure arising from non-nutritive sucking and peristaltic behavior of the tongue. The silicone rubber pacifier bulb was represented using a hyperelastic material model.
RESULTS
Results from the finite element analyses include deformation, stress, strain, contact area, and contact force. Mechanical interaction was evaluated in terms of the spatial distribution of the contact area and force between the pacifier and the palate. The resulting palatal interaction profiles were quantitatively compared to assess how pacifier fit specifically affects the support provided to two areas of the palate, the palatal vault and the Tektal wall.
CONCLUSIONS
Pacifiers interact with the palate differently based on their fit (i.e., design and size) regardless of whether they are labeled conventional or orthodontic. Finite element analysis is an effective tool for evaluating how a pacifier's design affects functional mechanics and for providing guidance on biometric sizing.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Infant; Malocclusion; Pacifiers; Palate; Sucking Behavior; Tongue
PubMed: 35236336
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02087-4 -
Journal of Neonatal Nursing : JNN Feb 2022The goal of this prospective study was to identify effects of birth order on breastfeeding self-efficacy, parental-report of infant feeding behaviors, infant...
The goal of this prospective study was to identify effects of birth order on breastfeeding self-efficacy, parental-report of infant feeding behaviors, infant non-nutritive sucking and oral feeding skills in full-term infants at 3-months. Mothers were separated into primipara and multipara groups, and infants were grouped into siblings and no siblings groups. Parents completed the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding scales. Non-nutritive sucking was assessed using a custom research pacifier and researchers completed the Oral Feeding Skills scale to assess feeding performance. Fifty-six mother-infant dyads (55% male) were included. Primipara mothers reported significantly lower breastfeeding self-efficacy and more feeding problems across breast and bottle-feeds on the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool. There were no significant differences in non-nutritive sucking or oral feeding skills between infant groups. First-time mothers require more infant feeding support as they exhibited lower breastfeeding self-efficacy and reported more problematic feeding behaviors.
PubMed: 35095321
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2021.07.003 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Apr 2022Breastfeeding promotion and support in hospitals is expected to have a positive impact on maternal breastfeeding outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the...
Breastfeeding promotion and support in hospitals is expected to have a positive impact on maternal breastfeeding outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the association between breastfeeding promotion in maternity hospitals in Germany and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates during the first 4 months. Thus, a nationwide cross-sectional web-based survey of breastfeeding promotion was conducted in 103 hospitals. Mother-infant pairs (n = 962) were recruited at these hospitals for a prospective web-based survey of breastfeeding status at five-time points, that is, during a hospital stay, at discharge as well as after 0.5, 2, and 4 months. The hospital analysis was based on the "10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding" of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, adapted for Germany. Their degree of implementation was stratified by a breastfeeding promotion index (BPI) as low (≤5 steps), medium (6-8 steps), and high (≥9 steps). The association between the BPI and the odds of EBF at each of the five-time points was estimated by multivariable regression models, adjusting for various maternal factors. At all time points, the proportion of EBF among mothers from high BPI hospitals exceeded the proportion of those from medium or low BPI hospitals. A high BPI was associated with higher odds of EBF during the hospital stay and at discharge, while maternal factors for EBF such as breastfeeding experience and no early use of a pacifier persisted beyond. The high commitment of hospitals and tailored support of mothers is essential for EBF.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Promotion; Hospitals, Maternity; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35080138
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13326 -
CoDAS 2022To verify the influence of a taste stimulus on the suction pressure, during the non-nutritive sucking (SNN), in newborns, healthy and with weight appropriate to the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE
To verify the influence of a taste stimulus on the suction pressure, during the non-nutritive sucking (SNN), in newborns, healthy and with weight appropriate to the gestational age.
METHODS
Quasi-experimental study of the non-randomized clinical trial type with a convenience sample of 60 newborns (NB), 30 allocated in the study group (EG) and 30 in the control group (CG). The NB were evaluated for sucking pressure during the SNN in a pacifier. For the EG, a gustatory stimulus was added to the pacifier, moistened with colostrum. The CG did not receive any stimulus, other than the pacifier itself. The average, minimum and maximum pressures were measured with the equipment S-Flex®.
RESULTS
The SG presented mean and maximum sucking pressure significantly higher than the CG. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for the second measurement of mean sucking pressure.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the NB of the SG presented sucking pressures, average and maximum, significantly higher, when compared to the CG. The use of a taste stimulus associated with SNN modified the sucking pressure and seems to enhance oral skills.
Topics: Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pacifiers; Sucking Behavior; Taste
PubMed: 35043860
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212021002