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International Journal of Food Science 2024Beef is an important high-nutrition livestock product, and several byproducts, such as bovine cartilage, are produced during slaughter. To effectively utilize these...
Beef is an important high-nutrition livestock product, and several byproducts, such as bovine cartilage, are produced during slaughter. To effectively utilize these agricultural and pastoral byproducts, combined (trypsin-papain) enzymolysis and cetylpyridine chloride purification methods were used to obtain chondroitin sulfate (CS) from the nasal cartilage of Shaanxi Yellow cattle. The effects of pH, temperature, and time on the CS yield during enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated, and the CS extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology. The best yield of CS was 21.62% under the optimum conditions of pH 6.51, temperature of 64.53°C, and enzymolysis time of 19.86 h. The molecular weight of CS from Shaanxi cattle nasal cartilage was 89.21 kDa, glucuronic acid content was 31.76 ± 0.72%, protein content was 1.12 ± 0.03%, and sulfate group content was 23.34 ± 0.08%. The nasal cartilage CS of the Yellow cattle showed strong DPPH•, •OH, and ABTS• radical scavenging abilities and ferrous reduction ability in the experimental concentration range. This study could contribute to "turn waste into treasure" and improve the comprehensive utilization of regional characteristic biological resources.
PubMed: 38800764
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6328378 -
Heliyon May 2024Enzymatic hydrolysis of edible bird's nest (EBN) has attracted great interest in both scientific and commercial fields due to the enhancement of solubility and...
Enzymatic hydrolysis of edible bird's nest (EBN) has attracted great interest in both scientific and commercial fields due to the enhancement of solubility and nutraceutical values. The present study attempted to investigate the hydrolysis of EBN with papaya ( L.), pineapple ( (L.) Merr.), and cantaloupe ( L.) juices as well as two commercial enzymes papain and bromelain. Our analysis revealed that EBN hydrolysis with pineapple juice and bromelain produced a degree of hydrolysis (DH) value of approximately 27 % while it was about 25 % for the hydrolysis with cantaloupe juice and 22 % for the hydrolysis with papaya juice and papain after 4 h of treatment. When EBN was digested by fruit juices and enzymes, the protein solubility and free sialic acid content were increased and the highest values were achieved for EBN hydrolysis with pineapple juice and bromelain (estimately 11 mg/mL of soluble protein and 18 g/kg of free sialic acid). The ABTS-scavenging, OH-scavenging, and anti-tyrosinase capacities were higher in the EBN hydrolysates by papaya juice (IC of 0.034, 0.108, and 0.419 mg/mL, respectively), pineapple juice (IC of 0.025, 0.045, and 0.190 mg/mL, respectively), and cantaloupe juice (IC of 0.031 mg/mL, 0.056, and 0.339 mg/mL, respectively) than in the hydrolysates by unhydrolyzed EBN (IC of 0.094, 0.366, and 1.611 mg/mL, respectively). An improvement in ABTS-scavenging, OH-scavenging, and anti-tyrosinase abilities was also observed for the hydrolysates by papain (IC of 0.041, 0.129, and 0.417 mg/mL, respectively) and bromelain (IC of 0.025, 0.069, and 0.336 mg/mL, respectively) but in a lesser extent as compared to the hydrolysates by respective papaya and pineapple juices. Noticeably, the EBN hydrolysates by fruit juices remarkably enhanced the wound closure in human fibroblasts by about 1.4-1.8 times after 24 h of treatment whereas this property was insignificant in the hydrolysates by enzymes. As papaya, pineapple, and cantaloupe juices are easily obtainable and have pleasant flavors, our results provide a possible method to hydrolyze EBN and apply the resultant hydrolysates in functional food products.
PubMed: 38778992
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30879 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024Proteases, essential regulators of plant stress responses, remain enigmatic in their precise functional roles. By employing activity-based probes for real-time...
Proteases, essential regulators of plant stress responses, remain enigmatic in their precise functional roles. By employing activity-based probes for real-time monitoring, this study aimed to delve into protease activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. However, our work revealed that the activity-based probes strongly labelled three non-proteolytic proteins-PsbO, PsbP, and PsbQ-integral components of photosystem II's oxygen-evolving complex. Subsequent biochemical assays and mass spectrometry experiments revealed the involvement of CrCEP1, a previously uncharacterized papain-like cysteine protease, as the catalyst of this labelling reaction. Further experiments with recombinant CrCEP1 and PsbO proteins replicated the reaction in vitro. Our data unveiled that endopeptidase CrCEP1 also has transpeptidase activity, ligating probes and peptides to the N-termini of Psb proteins, thereby expanding the repertoire of its enzymatic activities. The hitherto unknown transpeptidase activity of CrCEP1, working in conjunction with its proteolytic activity, unveils putative complex and versatile roles for proteases in cellular processes during stress responses.
PubMed: 38768911
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132505 -
Food Science of Animal Resources May 2024Peptides with bioactive effects are being researched for various purposes. However, there is a lack of overall research on pork-derived peptides. In this study, we... (Review)
Review
Peptides with bioactive effects are being researched for various purposes. However, there is a lack of overall research on pork-derived peptides. In this study, we reviewed the process of obtaining bioactive peptides, available analytical methods, and the study of bioactive peptides derived from pork. Pepsin and trypsin, two representative protein digestive enzymes in the body, are hydrolyzed by other cofactors to produce peptides. Bicinchoninic acid assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chromatography, and digestion simulation systems are utilized to analyze bioactive peptides for protein digestibility and molecular weight distribution. Pork-derived peptides mainly exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides increases the accessibility of amino acid residues by disrupting the three-dimensional structure of proteins, affecting free radical scavenging, reactive oxygen species inactivation, and metal ion chelating. In addition, the antihypertensive activity decreases angiotensin II production by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and suppresses blood pressure by blocking the AT1 receptor. Pork-derived bioactive peptides, primarily obtained using papain and pepsin, exhibit significant antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, with most having low molecular weights below 1 kDa. This study may aid in the future development of bioactive peptides and serve as a valuable reference for pork-derived peptides.
PubMed: 38765288
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e31 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024This study was conducted to compare chemical, elemental and surface properties of sound and carious dentin after application of two restorative materials resin-modified... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to compare chemical, elemental and surface properties of sound and carious dentin after application of two restorative materials resin-modified glassionomer claimed to be bioactive and glass hybrid restorative material after enzymatic chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) agent.
METHODS
Forty carious and twenty non-carious human permanent molars were used. Molars were randomly distributed into three main groups: Group 1 (negative control) - sound molars, Group 2 (positive control) - molars were left without caries removal and Group 3 (Test Group) caries excavated with enzymatic based CMCR agent. After caries excavation and restoration application, all specimens were prepared Vickers microhardness test (VHN), for elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive Xray (EDX) mapping and finally chemical analysis using Micro-Raman microscopy.
RESULTS
Vickers microhardness values of dentin with the claimed bioactive GIC specimens was statistically higher than with glass hybrid GIC specimens. EDX analysis at the junction estimated: Calcium and Phosphorus of the glass hybrid GIC showed insignificantly higher mean valued than that of the bioactive GIC. Silica and Aluminum mean values at the junction were significantly higher with bioactive GIC specimens than glass hybrid GIC specimen. Micro-raman spectroscopy revealed that bioactive GIC specimens showed higher frequencies of v PO which indicated high level of remineralization.
CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that ion-releasing bioactive resin-based restorative material had increased the microhardness and remineralization rate of carries affected and sound dentin. In addition, enzymatic caries excavation with papain-based CMCR agent has no adverse effect on dentin substrate.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Dentin; Hardness; Glass Ionomer Cements; Dental Cavity Preparation; Phosphorus; Papain; Surface Properties; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Calcium; Molar; Tooth Remineralization; Aluminum; Silicon Dioxide; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38764034
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04304-8 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel identified pneumonia resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus,...
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel identified pneumonia resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has significantly impacted and posed significant challenges to human society. The papain-like protease (PLpro) found in the nonstructural protein 3 of SARS-CoV-2 plays a vital role in viral replication. Moreover, PLpro disrupts the host immune response by cleaving ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene 15 from host proteins. Consequently, PLpro has emerged as a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Computational studies have reported that ciclesonide can bind to SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. However, the inhibitory effects of ciclenoside on the PLpro have not been experimentally evaluated. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs), including ciclesonide, on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro in vitro assay. Ciclesonide significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of PLpro, compared with other sGCs and its IC was 18.4 ± 1.89 µM. These findings provide insights into the development of PLpro inhibitors.
Topics: Pregnenediones; SARS-CoV-2; Humans; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases; Antiviral Agents; Molecular Docking Simulation; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Glucocorticoids; COVID-19
PubMed: 38763750
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00038 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024In the current odontological era, carious lesions are removed while tooth tissue is preserved. Most of these ideals are met by chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
In the current odontological era, carious lesions are removed while tooth tissue is preserved. Most of these ideals are met by chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) methods, which are easy and comfortable to use, differentiate and eliminate infected tissues, minimize pressure, vibration and heat, and are cost-effective. This study examines the efficacy of commercially available CMCR agents, namely Papacarie®, Carie-Care™ and BRIX3000™, and a conventional hand instrumentation method for caries removal in deciduous molars in terms of time consumption, ease of application, and pain perception. For this randomized clinical trial, 120 children aged 4 to 9 years were selected and randomly allocated to four groups of 30 patients each. Time consumption, ease of application, and pain perception were evaluated at three intervals: pre-, during- and post-caries removal, using Wong-Baker FACES (WBF) Pain Rating Scale and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. The results showed that among the compared materials and conventional hand instrumentation technique, Carie-Care™ was statistically found to be the least time-consuming with a -value of 0.019, have the least pain perception with a -value of 0.02, and was clinically the best with respect to manipulation and handling. While all three CMCR agents aid in the removal of carious tissue, Carie-Care™ was the most effective based on time consumption, pain perception and simplicity of administration.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Tooth, Deciduous; Child, Preschool; Child; Papain; Male; Female; Dental Cavity Preparation; Pain Measurement; Lysine; Molar
PubMed: 38755991
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.066 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the 9-month clinical performance of different materials and treatment procedures in teeth with MIH in children, and to evaluate the...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the 9-month clinical performance of different materials and treatment procedures in teeth with MIH in children, and to evaluate the effectiveness of Papacarie gel as a deproteinization agent. The study included 90 children (aged 8-15) who had 189 first permanent molars with MIH were restored randomly with 4 different materials/methods. Equia Forte HT (GC, Tokyo, Japan) was used in Group 1; In Group 2, G-eanial composite (GC, Tokyo, Japan) was used with a Fuji IX (GC, Tokyo, Japan) base; In Group 3 and Group 4, EverX Posterior (GC, Tokyo, Japan) base and G-eanial composite (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were used. In group 4, deproteinization was performed with Papacarie Duo gel (F&A, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The restorations were evaluated at 3-month intervals for 9 months using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The overall recall rate was 94.1% for every 3-month clinical evaluation over 9 months. A total of 9 restorations were unsuccessful. Surface roughness of Group 1 was statistically different from all other groups in all control periods ( < 0.05). Marginal adaptation of Group 2 was found to be significantly different from Groups 3 and 4 at the both of 6th and 9th month controls. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of retention, color match, marginal discoloration and secondary caries in all control months. Restoration of MIH with Equia Forte HT is almost as successful as composites. The use of dentin replacement materials instead of glass ionomer cements as a base in composite restorations shows better results. Papacarie deproteinization showed similar success with other composite groups. This study was the first clinical study in which Papacarie was used for deproteinization in teeth with MIH and will thus contribute to the literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Composite Resins; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gels; Glass Ionomer Cements; Molar; Papain; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38755984
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.061 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2024to analyze the technologies used by the nursing team in the treatment of skin lesions caused by burns in patients under intensive care. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
to analyze the technologies used by the nursing team in the treatment of skin lesions caused by burns in patients under intensive care.
METHODS
this is a scope review conducted on the LILACS, Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL databases without temporal or language restrictions.
RESULTS
the highlighted technologies included the use of specialized dressings, biological agents such as probiotics and cyanobacteria, as well as negative pressure therapies and enzymes such as papain and collagenase. Some technologies, such as nanocrystalline silver, demonstrated efficacy in infection control.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
the study identified essential technologies in burn care, emphasizing the need for further research on "soft" technologies. The findings support the promotion of evidence-based nursing care for burn patients in intensive care and enhance knowledge about effective treatments.
Topics: Humans; Burns; Critical Care
PubMed: 38747745
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0738