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Nature Communications Apr 2024Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence,...
Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. We retrospectively collect and evaluate the clinical factors and proteomes of 83 pediatric benign (PB), 85 pediatric malignant (PM) and 66 adult malignant (AM) nodules, and quantify 10,426 proteins by mass spectrometry. We find 243 and 121 significantly dysregulated proteins from PM vs. PB and PM vs. AM, respectively. Function and pathway analyses show the enhanced activation of the inflammatory and immune system in PM patients compared with the others. Nineteen proteins are selected to predict recurrence using a machine learning model with an accuracy of 88.24%. Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Female; Male; Child; Thyroid Neoplasms; Prognosis; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Machine Learning; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Proteome; Precision Medicine; Proteomics; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38671151
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47926-w -
Medicine Apr 2024Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) are generally characterized as less invasive forms of thyroid cancer with favorable...
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) are generally characterized as less invasive forms of thyroid cancer with favorable prognosis. However, once lateral cervical lymph node metastasis takes place, the prognosis may be significantly impacted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in the pattern of lateral lymph node metastasis between PTC and PTMC. A retrospective analysis was performed for PTC and PTMC patients that underwent central area dissection and unilateral lateral neck lymph node dissection (II-V area) between January 2020 and December 2021. Compared with PTMC group, the PTC group exhibited higher incidence of capsule invasion, extrathyroid invasion and lymphatic vessel invasion. Both the number and rate of central lymph nodes metastasis were elevated in the PTC group. While the number of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis was higher, the metastasis rate did not demonstrate significant difference. No significant differences were identified in the lymph node metastasis patterns between the 2 groups. The determination of the extent of lateral neck lymph node dissection solely based on the tumor size may be unreliable, as PTC and PTMC showed no difference in the number and pattern of lateral neck metastasis. Additional clinical data are warranted to reinforce this conclusion. For patients categorized as unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis (including level I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis who require unilateral lateral neck dissection, the size of the primary tumor may not need to be a central consideration when assessing and deciding the extent of lateral neck dissection.
Topics: Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Female; Thyroid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Middle Aged; Adult; Carcinoma, Papillary; Lymph Nodes; Neck Dissection; Lymph Node Excision
PubMed: 38669400
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037734 -
Aging Apr 2024Thyroid cancer, notably papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a global health concern with increasing incidence. Anoikis, a regulator of programmed cell death, is pivotal...
Thyroid cancer, notably papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a global health concern with increasing incidence. Anoikis, a regulator of programmed cell death, is pivotal in normal physiology and, when dysregulated, can drive cancer progression and metastasis. This study explored the impact of anoikis on PTC prognosis. Analyzing data from GEO, TCGA, and GeneCards, we identified a prognostic signature consisting of six anoikis-related genes (ARGs): EZH2, PRKCQ, CD36, INHBB, TDGF1, and MMP9. This signature independently predicted patient outcomes, with high-risk scores associated with worse prognoses. A robust predictive ability was confirmed via ROC analysis, and a nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.712. Differences in immune infiltration levels were observed between high- and low-risk groups. Importantly, the high-risk group displayed reduced drug sensitivity and poor responses to immunotherapy. This research provides insights into anoikis in PTC, offering a novel ARG signature for predicting patient prognosis and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Anoikis; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Prognosis; Thyroid Neoplasms; Male; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Middle Aged; Nomograms; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38663918
DOI: 10.18632/aging.205766 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Apr 2024Ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, and the survival rate of patients with relapsed and refractory ovarian cancer is...
BACKGROUND
Ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, and the survival rate of patients with relapsed and refractory ovarian cancer is very low.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we report a case of high-grade serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary that was successfully treated with immunotherapy. Radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for the 56-year-old patient were successful; however, her tumor relapsed. Subsequent second-line chemotherapy, targeted agents, and other treatments were ineffective, as the tumor continued to recur and metastasize. Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy (tislelizumab) completely alleviated the tumor, and the multiple metastatic tumors disappeared. To date, the patient has used anti-PD-1 for 32 months, experiencing no disease progression and maintaining good health without additional treatment.
CONCLUSION
This case suggests that anti-PD-1 immunotherapy may have long-term positive effects on outcomes in some refractory recurrent solid tumors. Further research is needed to identify patients most likely to respond to anti-PD-1 therapy.
PubMed: 38660551
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1967 -
Intraluminal extension of papillary thyroid carcinoma into the Internal Jugular Vein; a case report.BMC Endocrine Disorders Apr 2024Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), being the most common thyroid malignancy, is a slow-growing tumor and is usually limited to the thyroid. Extra thyroid extension is...
BACKGROUND
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), being the most common thyroid malignancy, is a slow-growing tumor and is usually limited to the thyroid. Extra thyroid extension is uncommon; besides, invasion to the vasculature seems to be extremely rare and usually indicates aggressive nature of the disease.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of a 40-year-old lady who referred with a palpable neck mass a month after total thyroidectomy which its histopathologic examination revealed follicular variant of PTC; the same variant as prior thyroidectomy. Preoperative ultrasonography failed to comment on the intravascular component of the mass. Surgical procedure confirmed a mass attaching and infiltrating to the internal jugular vein, which turned out to be persistent disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness of this entity is important for surgeons, oncologists and radiologist as it can influence patient management.
Topics: Humans; Jugular Veins; Female; Adult; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroidectomy; Carcinoma, Papillary; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prognosis
PubMed: 38654262
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01580-x -
BMC Cancer Apr 2024Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a favorable prognosis, it could affect patient life quality and become a serious threat because of invasion and...
BACKGROUND
Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a favorable prognosis, it could affect patient life quality and become a serious threat because of invasion and metastasis. Many investigations have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in different cancer regulations. Nevertheless, circRNAs role in invasive PTC remains unclear.
METHODS
In the present investigation, next-generation sequencing was applied to explore abnormal circRNA expression. The expression of circRNA phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (circPHGDH) in PTC cell lines and tissues were examined. Then, we investigated regulatory mechanism and circPHGDH downstream targets using bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporting analysis. Then transwell migration, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used for cells migration and proliferation analysis. In vivo metastasis and tumorigenesis assays were also employed to evaluate the circPHGDH role in PTC.
RESULTS
The data showcased that circPHGDH expression increased in both PTC cell lines and tissues, which suggested that circPHGDH functions in PTC progression. circPHGDH downregulation suppressed PTC invasion and proliferation in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter results confirmed that both microRNA (miR)-122-5p and pyruvate kinase M2 subtype (PKM2) were downstream targets of circPHGDH. PKM2 overexpression or miR-122-5p suppression reversed PTC cell invasion and proliferation post silencing circPHGDH by restoring aerobic glycolysis.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, our research found that circPHGDH downregulation reduced PTC progression via miR-122-5p/PKM2 axis regulation mediated by aerobic glycolysis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Membrane Proteins; Mice, Nude; MicroRNAs; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase; RNA, Circular; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase
PubMed: 38654205
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12199-5 -
PeerJ 2024In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), preoperative ultrasonography frequently reveals the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in...
BACKGROUND
In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), preoperative ultrasonography frequently reveals the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in the central neck region. These nodes pose a diagnostic challenge due to their potential resemblance to metastatic lymph nodes, thereby impacting the surgical decision-making process for clinicians in terms of determining the appropriate surgical extent.
METHODS
Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTC patients with HT. Then a prediction model was developed and visualized using a nomogram. The stability of the model was assessed using ten-fold cross-validation. The performance of the model was further evaluated through the use of ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 376 HT PTC patients were included in this study, comprising 162 patients with CLNM and 214 patients without CLNM. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, Tg-Ab level, tumor size, punctate echogenic foci, and blood flow grade were identified as independent risk factors associated with the development of CLNM in HT PTC. The area under the curve (AUC) of this model was 0.76 (95% CI [0.71-0.80]). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value of the model were determined to be 88%, 51%, 67%, and 57%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed clinic-ultrasound-based nomogram in this study demonstrated a favorable performance in predicting CLNM in HT PTCs. This predictive tool has the potential to assist clinicians in making well-informed decisions regarding the appropriate extent of surgical intervention for patients.
Topics: Humans; Hashimoto Disease; Nomograms; Male; Female; Lymphatic Metastasis; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography; Neck; Lymph Nodes; Logistic Models; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38650652
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17108 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy originating in the adrenal glands, aldosterone-producing ACC, even rarer. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), by...
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy originating in the adrenal glands, aldosterone-producing ACC, even rarer. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), by contrast, accounts for the majority of thyroid carcinomas. We herein describe the first reported case of a female with comorbidities of aldosterone-producing ACC, PTC, and Graves' Disease(GD). The patient achieved transient clinical remission following adrenalectomy. However, three months later, aldosterone-producing ACC lung metastases emerged. Subsequently, within another three-month interval, she developed thyroid eye disease(TED). The patient died roughly one year after the adrenal operation. Exome sequencing did not reveal associations between aldosterone-producing ACC, PTC, and GD, and the underlying concurrence mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Further research of similar cases are needed to confirm potential links between the three pathologies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Graves Disease; Thyroid Neoplasms; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Middle Aged; Adrenalectomy; Fatal Outcome
PubMed: 38645425
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1310408 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Apr 2024Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile tract is a rare biliary tumor characterized by mucin growth within the bile duct. In the early stages, it often... (Review)
Review
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile tract is a rare biliary tumor characterized by mucin growth within the bile duct. In the early stages, it often presents without significant obstruction, this often leads to its discovery in the advanced stages. We report a case of a 63-year-old female with an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B). The patient had a history of intrahepatic bile duct stones and biliary ascariasis. She gradually developed symptoms such as jaundice and intermittent fever before admission, and a bile duct biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of IPMN-B. Currently, endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered an effective treatment for bile duct cancer. In this case, we performed two sessions of PDT guided by SpyGlass. The patient experienced complete remission postoperatively, and there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis in the three years following the procedure.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aminolevulinic Acid
PubMed: 38642727
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104098 -
Endocrine Pathology Jun 2024Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions are rare in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but may serve as a therapeutic target. This study aims to evaluate the...
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions are rare in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but may serve as a therapeutic target. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative cytologic findings and clinicopathologic features of a series of eight ALK-rearranged PTCs from our pathology archives and consultations. All cases were confirmed by ALK D5F3 immunohistochemistry and six with additional targeted RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). The original fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis included the Bethesda System (TBS) category II in three (37.5%), TBS III in two (25%), TBS V in two (25%), and TBS VI in one (12.5%). Six cases had available FNA cytology and were reviewed. The cytologic features showed microfollicular architecture as well as limited or reduced nuclear elongation and chromatin alterations in all six. Nuclear grooves and pseudoinclusions were absent in two cases, rarely or focally noted in three, and frequently found in one. Two cases initially diagnosed as TBS II, showing microfollicular architecture without well-developed nuclear features, were revised to TBS III (with architectural atypia only). For histologic correlations, four were infiltrative follicular variant PTCs, three as classic subtype PTC with predominant follicular growth, and one as solid/trabecular subtype PTC. All eight cases demonstrated reduced PTC nuclear features with respect to nuclear elongation and chromatin alterations compared to those typically identified in "BRAF-like" PTCs. The NGS testing revealed EML4::ALK fusion in three, STRN::ALK fusion in two, and ITSN2::ALK fusion in one. In conclusion, although ALK-rearranged PTCs have been associated with neutral gene expression profile from a BRAF-RAS scoring perspective, the "RAS-like" nuclear features were more commonly identified in this series, resulting in frequent indeterminate diagnosis of preoperative FNA.
Topics: Humans; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Thyroid Neoplasms; Gene Rearrangement; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38642308
DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09808-1