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Transcriptomic characteristics according to tumor size and SUV in papillary thyroid cancer patients.Scientific Reports May 2024The SUV is a measure of FDG uptake and is related with tumor aggressiveness in thyroid cancer, however, its association with molecular pathways is unclear. Here, we...
The SUV is a measure of FDG uptake and is related with tumor aggressiveness in thyroid cancer, however, its association with molecular pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between SUV and gene expression profiles in 80 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. We conducted an analysis of DEGs and enriched pathways in relation to SUV and tumor size. SUV showed a positive correlation with tumor size and correlated with glucose metabolic process. The genes that indicate thyroid differentiation, such as SLC5A5 and TPO, were negatively correlated with SUV. Unsupervised analysis revealed that SUV positively correlated with DNA replication(r = 0.29, p = 0.009), pyrimidine metabolism(r = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and purine metabolism (r = 0.42, p = 0.0001). Based on subgroups analysis, we identified that PSG5, TFF3, SOX2, SL5A5, SLC5A7, HOXD10, FER1L6, and IFNA1 genes were found to be significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness. Both high SUV PTMC and macro-PTC are enriched in pathways of DNA replication and cell cycle, however, gene sets for purine metabolic pathways are enriched only in high SUV macro-PTC but not in high SUV PTMC. Our findings demonstrate the molecular characteristics of high SUV tumor and metabolism involved in tumor growth in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Female; Male; Thyroid Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Transcriptome; Adult; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Aged; Gene Expression Profiling; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 38745021
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61839-0 -
Pitfalls in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer with Papillary Adenocarcinoma.Gut and Liver May 2024
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Aged
PubMed: 38742405
DOI: 10.5009/gnl240139 -
Translational Cancer Research Apr 2024The adenosine triphosphate-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter orchestrates the transmembrane transport of diverse substrates with the aid of ATP as an energy source. ABC...
BACKGROUND
The adenosine triphosphate-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter orchestrates the transmembrane transport of diverse substrates with the aid of ATP as an energy source. ABC transporter constitutes a widespread superfamily of transporters prominently present on the cellular membrane of organisms. Advancements in understanding have unveiled additional roles beyond mere intracellular or extracellular transport functions for the ABC protein family, encompassing involvement in DNA repair, protein translation, and gene expression regulation. Yet its role in tumors is still unknown.
METHODS
This study drew support from multiple databases, including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and employed multidimensional bioinformatics analyses, incorporating online databases and the R-project. Through a comprehensive analysis, we seek to discern transcriptional-level disparities among genes and their consequential impacts on prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), stemness score, immune subtypes, clinical characteristics, and drug sensitivity across human cancers.
RESULTS
ABC transporter subfamily B (ABCB) family genes exhibited heightened expression across diverse tumors, demonstrating a significant correlation with overall prognosis in pan-cancer contexts. Notably, gene expression levels manifested substantial associations with TME, stemness score, immune subtypes, clinical characteristics, and drug sensitivity in specific cancers, including kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Within this subset, transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (), , and emerged as noteworthy oncogenes.
CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the implications of ABCB family genes in tumor progression, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Notably, the identification of as a significant oncogene suggests promising avenues for targeted therapies in KIRP, LIHC, and PAAD.
PubMed: 38737683
DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2050 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Jan 2024The latest edition of the WHO Classification of thyroid tumors was released in 2022 and incorporates novel concepts vital to patient management. Thyroid follicular...
The latest edition of the WHO Classification of thyroid tumors was released in 2022 and incorporates novel concepts vital to patient management. Thyroid follicular nodular disease is a term used to collectively represent a wide variety of benign and non-neoplastic lesions, including both clonal and non-clonal proliferations that manifest clinically as multinodular goiter. Thyroid neoplasms develop from follicular cells and can be either benign, low-risk, or malignant. To avoid classifying all lesions under 1 cm in diameter as low-risk illnesses, the new classification method highlights the need for subtyping papillary thyroid cancer based on histomorphologic indicators rather than tumor size. Formerly known as the cribriform-morular variety of papillary thyroid carcinoma, this tumor is now more commonly referred to by its more accurate name, cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma. Its histogenesis is unknown. Similar to the traditional definition of 'poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma' according to the Turin criteria, the newly defined 'differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma' encompasses papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid carcinomas, and oncocytic carcinomas with high-grade characteristics linked to worse prognosis. The squamous cell subtype of anaplastic thyroid cancer has also recently been characterized as a distinct morphologic pattern. In this article, we will discuss the latest revision to the World Health Organization's classification system for thyroid cancer.
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Thyroid Neoplasms; World Health Organization
PubMed: 38737660
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0270 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders May 2024To date, although most thyroid carcinoma (THCA) achieves an excellent prognosis, some patients experience a rapid progression episode, even with differentiated THCA....
BACKGROUND
To date, although most thyroid carcinoma (THCA) achieves an excellent prognosis, some patients experience a rapid progression episode, even with differentiated THCA. Nodal metastasis is an unfavorable predictor. Exploring the underlying mechanism may bring a deep insight into THCA.
METHODS
A total of 108 THCA from Chinese patients with next-generation sequencing (NGS) were recruited. It was used to explore the gene alteration spectrum of THCA and identify gene alterations related to nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The Cancer Genome Atlas THCA cohort was further studied to elucidate the relationship between specific gene alterations and tumor microenvironment. A pathway enrichment analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism.
RESULTS
Gene alteration was frequent in THCA. BRAF, RET, POLE, ATM, and BRCA1 were the five most common altered genes. RET variation was positively related to nodal metastasis in PTC. RET variation is associated with immune cell infiltration levels, including CD8 naïve, CD4 T and CD8 T cells, etc. Moreover, Step 3 and Step 4 of the cancer immunity cycle (CIC) were activated, whereas Step 6 was suppressed in PTC with RET variation. A pathway enrichment analysis showed that RET variation was associated with several immune-related pathways.
CONCLUSION
RET variation is positively related to nodal metastasis in Chinese PTC, and anti-tumor immune response may play a role in nodal metastasis triggered by RET variation.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Follow-Up Studies; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Lymphatic Metastasis; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38734621
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01586-5 -
Medicine May 2024Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis may be deteriorated due to the metastases, and anoikis palys an essential role in the tumor metastasis. However, the...
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis may be deteriorated due to the metastases, and anoikis palys an essential role in the tumor metastasis. However, the potential effect of anoikis-related genes on the prognosis of PTC was unclear. The mRNA and clinical information were obtained from the cancer genome atlas database. Hub genes were identified and risk model was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve was applied for the survival analysis. Immune infiltration and immune therapy response were calculated using CIBERSORT and TIDE. The identification of cell types and cell interaction was performed by Seurat, SingleR and CellChat packages. GO, KEGG, and GSVA were applied for the enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed in STRING and Cytoscape. Drug sensitivity was assessed in GSCA. Based on bulk RNA data, we identified 4 anoikis-related risk signatures, which were oncogenes, and constructed a risk model. The enrichment analysis found high risk group was enriched in some immune-related pathways. High risk group had higher infiltration of Tregs, higher TIDE score and lower levels of monocytes and CD8 T cells. Based on scRNA data, we found that 4 hub genes were mainly expressed in monocytes and macrophages, and they interacted with T cells. Hub genes were significantly related to immune escape-related genes. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A may be a better chemotherapy target. We constructed a risk model which could effectively and steadily predict the prognosis of PTC. We inferred that the immune escape may be involved in the development of PTC.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Anoikis; Thyroid Neoplasms; Prognosis; Single-Cell Analysis; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Protein Interaction Maps; Female; Male; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38728457
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038144 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Very well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (VWDA) is a rare variant of gastric cancer, for which the diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior are not fully...
BACKGROUND
Very well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (VWDA) is a rare variant of gastric cancer, for which the diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior are not fully established. We reported a case of an intramucosal VWDA of gastric type with a lymphovascular invasion (LVI).
CASE PRESENTATION
A 67-year-old female was diagnosed as intramucosal gastric adenocarcinoma after a biopsy at the local hospital 3 weeks ago and then visited our hospital for further treatment. The endoscopic examination in our hospital showed a rough, slightly faded, 30-mm, flat, and elevated lesion on the lesser curvature of the middle gastric body. Histopathologically, the lesion consisted of superficial foveolar-type papillary adenocarcinoma and deep pyloric gland-type tubular adenocarcinoma. The immunostaining results showed that the foveolar-type papillary adenocarcinoma was positive for MUC5AC and had a high index of Ki-67, but the pyloric gland-type tubular adenocarcinoma was positive for MUC6 and had a low index of Ki-67. Both components were negative for MSH2 and MSH6, which suggested the high microsatellite instability phenotype. Moreover, a LVI was detected in the lesion. The pathological diagnosis was VWDA of gastric type.
CONCLUSION
The case has unique histological and immunophenotypic characteristics, which not only indicates the importance of architectural features in the diagnosis of VWDA but also further proves that the aggressive behavior of VWDA is correlated with tumor histological type and immunophenotype.
PubMed: 38725617
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1396281 -
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism May 2024After initial treatment, up to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have incomplete response, mainly cervical lymph node (LN) disease. Previous studies... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
After initial treatment, up to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have incomplete response, mainly cervical lymph node (LN) disease. Previous studies have suggested that active surveillance (AS) is a possible option for these patients. Our aim was to report the results of AS in patients with PTC and cervical LN disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective observational study, we included adult patients treated and followed for PTC, who presented with cervical LN disease and were managed with AS. Growth was defined as an increase ≥ 3mm in either diameter.
RESULTS
We included 32 patients: 27 (84.4%) women, age of 39 ± 14 years, all initially treated with total thyroidectomy, and 22 (69%) with therapeutic neck dissection. Cervical LN disease was diagnosed 1 year (0.3-12.6) after initial management, with a diameter of 9.0 mm (6.0-19.0). After a median AS of 4.3 years (0.6-14.1), 4 (12.5%) patients had LNgrowth: 2 (50%) of whom were surgically removed, 1 (25%) was effectively treated with radiotherapy, and 1 (25%) had a scheduled surgery. Tg increase was the only predictive factor of LN growth evaluated as both the delta Tg (p < 0.0366) and percentage of Tg change (p < 0.0140). None of the included patients died, had local complications due to LN growth or salvage therapy, or developed distant metastases during follow-up.
CONCLUSION
In selected patients with PTC and suspicious cervical LNs diagnosed after initial treatment, AS is a feasible and safe strategy as it allows effective identification and treatment of the minority of patients who progress.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Thyroidectomy; Thyroid Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Watchful Waiting; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Feasibility Studies; Neck; Carcinoma, Papillary; Neck Dissection; Young Adult
PubMed: 38709151
DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0146 -
IScience May 2024Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which accounts for a large proportion of lung cancers, is divided into five major subtypes based on histologic characteristics. The clinical...
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which accounts for a large proportion of lung cancers, is divided into five major subtypes based on histologic characteristics. The clinical characteristics, prognosis, and responses to treatments vary among subtypes. Here, we demonstrate that the variations of cell-cell contact energy result in the LUAD subtype-specific morphogenesis. We reproduced the morphologies of the papillary LUAD subtypes with the cellular Potts Model (CPM). Simulations and experimental validations revealed modifications of cell-cell contact energy changed the morphology from a papillary-like structure to micropapillary or solid subtype-like structures. Remarkably, differential gene expression analysis revealed subtype-specific expressions of genes relating to cell adhesion. Knockdown experiments of the micropapillary upregulated gene resulted in the morphological changes of the spheroids produced from an LUAD cell line PC9. This work shows the consequences of gene mutations and gene expressions on patient prognosis through differences in tissue composing physical forces among LUAD subtypes.
PubMed: 38706836
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109742 -
BMC Surgery May 2024While surgery plays a crucial role in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the potential effects of subsequent TSH suppression therapy on prognosis should not be...
OBJECTIVES
While surgery plays a crucial role in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the potential effects of subsequent TSH suppression therapy on prognosis should not be overlooked. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence postoperative TSH suppression therapy in patients with PTC.
METHODS
This study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at our hospital. It included 268 patients who underwent surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with PTC between February 2019 and February 2021. The selected patients received postoperative TSH suppression therapy. Based on the TSH level measured 12 months after surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: TSH level conforming group (n = 80) and non-conforming group (n = 188). We then compared the general clinical data, clinicopathological characteristics, preoperative laboratory test indicators, postoperative levothyroxine sodium tablet dosage, follow-up frequency, and thyroid function-related indicators between the two groups of patients. The correlation between the observed indicators and the success of TSH suppression therapy was further analyzed, leading to the identification of influencing factors for TSH suppression therapy.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in general clinical data and clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). The proportion of patients with preoperative TSH ≥ 2.0 mU/L was higher in the non-conforming group compared to the TSH level conforming group (P < 0.05), and the ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for the preoperative TSH index was 0.610 (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients in the TSH level conforming group who took oral levothyroxine sodium tablets at a dose of ≥ 1.4 µg/kg·d after surgery was higher (P < 0.05). The postoperative levels of FT and FT were higher in the TSH level conforming group (P < 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that factors "Postoperative TSH level ≥ 2 mU/L", "Levothyroxine sodium tablet dose<1.4 µg/kg·d", and "Combined with Hashimoto thyroiditis" were significantly associated with an elevated risk of postoperative TSH levels failing to reach the target (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Optimal thyroid function in patients with PTC post-surgery is best achieved when adjusting the dose of levothyroxine sodium in a timely manner to reach the target TSH level during follow-up visits.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyrotropin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Thyroxine; Adult; Thyroidectomy; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 38702652
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02426-y