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American Journal of Translational... 2022Paragonimiasis (pulmonary fluke disease) is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by trematode infections. is a characteristic species that was first identified in...
Paragonimiasis (pulmonary fluke disease) is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by trematode infections. is a characteristic species that was first identified in Yunnan Province of China. No direct evidence has yet proven that can infect humans. However, we previously found that infects and damages rat lung tissues via an unclear mechanism. Here, we infected Sprague Dawley rats with and sequenced their lung transcriptomes at various intervals thereafter. We detected on the surface of rat lung tissues at 7 days post infection. It colonized by attaching and secreting dsRNA and utilized nutrients from the lung tissues for mitosis and meiosis and the dynein arm of lung tissues to develop symmetrical organs. The rats generated different types of immune responses that differed according to the stage of infection. We then analyzed responses to these immune strategies and the genes expressed during each stage of infection. Our findings provide a foundation for developing medical treatments for infection.
PubMed: 35702118
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiology Case Reports May 2022More than 40 different species of the parasitic flatworm have been identified worldwide, including in Vietnam, but only 10 species are known to cause disease in humans,...
More than 40 different species of the parasitic flatworm have been identified worldwide, including in Vietnam, but only 10 species are known to cause disease in humans, particularly are transmitted through the ingestion of raw foods, especially freshwater shrimp, and crab. Paragonimiasis causes pneumonia, which can present as acute or chronic, with symptoms including prolonged cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. Hematologic changes include eosinophilia and the presence of specific antibodies for in the blood. Diagnosis is confirmed when specimens or eggs are found in the sputum or pleural fluid. The specificity of imaging is not high, but imaging can be used to guide the diagnosis. After the failure of microbiological diagnostic methods, lung biopsy can be used to confirm a diagnosis of paragonimiasis. We present a paragonimiasis case associated with unique features, including epidemiologic factors, atypical clinical signs, no increases in blood eosinophils, and negative microbiological tests. Although the patient was suspected of tuberculosis or lung cancer, imaging studies were consistent with the presence of lung flukes. Three transthoracic lung biopsies were performed, and pathology revealed a cystic structure containing on the third biopsy.
PubMed: 35309377
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.046 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Mar 2022Cerebral paragonimiasis (CP), caused by aberrant migration of Paragonimus worms, frequently invokes serious illness. The causal relationship between the lesion...
Cerebral paragonimiasis (CP), caused by aberrant migration of Paragonimus worms, frequently invokes serious illness. The causal relationship between the lesion characteristics and patients' symptoms has poorly been understood. CP serodiagnosis has not been properly evaluated to date. A total of 111 CP cases were diagnosed in our laboratory between 1982 and 2003. This study retrospectively assessed the clinical and imaging characteristics of the 105 patients along with the evaluation of diagnostic potentials of recombinant P. westermani yolk ferritin (rPwYF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing patients' sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs). We analyzed 60 male and 45 female patients; 50 early-stage patients with non-calcified enhancing nodule(s) (median age, 38 years; interquartile range [IQR], 24.75-52; median symptom duration, 0.75 years; IQR, 0.2-2) and 54 chronic cases having calcified lesion(s) (median age, 33 years; IQR, 25-41; median symptom duration, 10 years; IQR, 5-20). One patient showed a normal neuroimage. The patients were largely diagnosed in their 30s. The parietal lobe was most commonly affected, followed by occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes. Twenty-six patients had lesions encompassing ≥ two lobes. The patients complained mainly of seizures, headaches, hemiparesis, and focal neurologic deficits (P < 0.001). Seizures and visual defects were predominant in patients with calcified lesion(s) (P < 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of rPwYF against serum/CSF were 100%/97% and 97.2%/92.5%, respectively. The specific IgG antibody levels against rPwYF in sera and CSFs showed a positive correlation (r = 0.59). The clinical manifestations of the early-stage patients might be associated with cortical lesions or meningeal irritation, while those in the chronic stage were caused by conglomerated space-occupying lesions. rPwYF would be useful for the serodiagnosis of both early and chronic CP cases.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 35294433
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010240 -
Parasitology Sep 2022The title of this article refers to Table 1 in Zhou (2022, Infectious diseases of poverty: progress achieved during the decade gone and perspectives for the future.... (Review)
Review
The title of this article refers to Table 1 in Zhou (2022, Infectious diseases of poverty: progress achieved during the decade gone and perspectives for the future. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 11, 1), in which it is indicated that species, like many other foodborne trematodes, are ancient pathogens that are also re-emerging to cause disease in modern times. This article provides a general overview of species and the disease they cause. This is followed by comments on several specific topics of current interest: taxonomy and distribution of members of the genus; details of the life cycle; global and regional prevalence of paragonimiasis; genomics of lung flukes and possible effects of global environmental change. Unresolved questions relating to these topics are discussed and gaps in knowledge identified.
Topics: Animals; Lung; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Prevalence
PubMed: 35292126
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000300 -
Thoracic Cancer Apr 2022Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and...
BACKGROUND
Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and surgery (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy). To date, there have been no large-scale nationwide epidemiological studies regarding pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy. This study examined the epidemiology of pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy in a Japanese nationwide administrative database.
METHODS
We evaluated Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data of 24 173 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy and received a diagnosis of pleurisy between April 2014 and March 2020. In addition to pleurisy diagnoses, the patients' clinical information, including age, sex, smoking status (pack-years), dyspnea grade, length of in-hospital stay, and comorbidities, were extracted from the dataset.
RESULTS
This study included data from 1699 patients. The most frequent causes of pleurisy were neoplastic diseases (55.9%; malignant mesothelioma 22.5%, lung cancer 15.7%, lymphoma 2.5%), followed by infectious diseases (24.0%; tuberculosis 16.2%, parapneumonic pleural effusion 3.6%, empyema 3.5%, nontuberculous mycobacteriosis 0.5%), collagen vascular diseases (2.8%; rheumatoid arthritis 1.3%, immunoglobulin G4-related diseases 0.7%, systemic lupus erythematosus 0.3%), and paragonimiasis (0.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Neoplastic diseases, including malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, were frequently and accurately diagnosed as pleurisy via surgical pleural biopsy. The next leading cause was infectious diseases such as mycobacterial infections. Physicians should consider performing surgical biopsy in light of the knowledge regarding the etiology of pleurisy when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made via needle pleural biopsy.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
PubMed: 35243795
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14368 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2022Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Japan; Mustelidae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Raccoon Dogs
PubMed: 35110459
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0573 -
Genomics & Informatics Sep 2021Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis,...
Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis, and other parasites. Although S. libertina has ecological, commercial, and clinical importance, its whole-genome has not been reported yet. Here, we revealed the genome of S. libertina through de novo assembly. We assembled the whole-genome of S. libertina and determined its transcriptome for the first time using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. According to the k-mer analysis, the genome size of S. libertina was estimated to be 3.04 Gb. Using RepeatMasker, a total of 53.68% of repeats were identified in the genome assembly. Genome data of S. libertina reported in this study will be useful for identification and conservation of S. libertina in East Asia.
PubMed: 34638179
DOI: 10.5808/gi.21039 -
IDCases 2021Cerebral paragonimiasis is rare and is usually seen in younger patients. This is a case of a 19-year-old male presenting as a hemorrhagic stroke with headache and...
Cerebral paragonimiasis is rare and is usually seen in younger patients. This is a case of a 19-year-old male presenting as a hemorrhagic stroke with headache and blurred vision. He was found to have cystic thick-walled spaces with focal linear tracking towards the pleural space on computed tomography of the chest. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis with 4% eosinophils. Serological testing confirmed the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. He was treated with praziquantel, corticosteroid taper and anti-epileptic medication and discharged home in stable condition. CNS paragonimiasis is treatable, has a fairly good prognosis but can often be missed. In a young person presenting with an acute hemorrhagic stroke, the possibility of paragonimiasis should be kept on the differential diagnosis.
PubMed: 34589413
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01287 -
Biomedicines Sep 2021Parasites cause numerous health issues in humans, eventually leading to significant social and economic damage; however, the mechanisms of parasite-mediated pathogenesis...
Parasites cause numerous health issues in humans, eventually leading to significant social and economic damage; however, the mechanisms of parasite-mediated pathogenesis are not well understood. Nevertheless, it is clearly evidenced that cancerogenic fluke-induced chronic inflammations and cancer are closely associated with oxidative stress. (1) Methods: The infection's genotoxic potential was assessed in a rat model of simultaneous pulmonary and hepatic paragonimiasis by the alkaline version of single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Statistical analysis of comet parameters was based on the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. (2) Results: A clear and statistically significant increase in DNA damage was detected in the helminth-exposed group versus the control rats and the tissue areas adjacent to the parasite capsule versus remote ones; however, differences in DNA damage patterns between different tissues were not statistically significant. Infection resulted in up to 40% cells with DNA damage and an increased genetic damage index. (3) Conclusions: The data obtained contribute to understanding the pathogenesis mechanisms of paragonimiasis, suggesting oxidative stress as the most likely reason for DNA breaks; these findings allow us to consider as a potentially cancerogenic species, and they are important for the monitoring and treatment of paragonimiasis.
PubMed: 34572365
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091180 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2021Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough,...
INTRODUCTION
Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic pain. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by aberrant parasitic migration is known to occur in a variety of sites such as the brain, abdominal wall, and intraperitoneal cavity. Ectopic paragonimiasis is an uncommon disease that presents with a few clinical manifestations, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year-old man with an unremarkable medical and surgical history presented with a peritoneal lesion that was discovered incidentally on abdominal computed tomography during routine health screening. The patient did not exhibit any associated symptoms such as abdominal pain. The radiologic diagnosis was a gastric duplication cyst and we performed laparoscopic excision of the peritoneal mass. Histopathological examination revealed paragonimiasis, and the result of the skin test for paragonimiasis was positive. The patient was treated with praziquantel.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis remains challenging due to inexperience, misdiagnosis, and its rarity. Clinicians should bear in mind that an intra-abdominal mass may be related to a parasitic infection. The detection of the ova of parasites in sputum and biopsy specimens may be difficult due to an insufficient amount.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians need to thoroughly take the patient's history and clinically suspect parasitic infections. Laparoscopic resection of this rare mass is safe, feasible, and allows for rapid recovery.
PubMed: 34484726
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102754