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Polymers Oct 2021Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extract of the Lam () wild plant. The results showed that the conversion of Ag to Ag...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extract of the Lam () wild plant. The results showed that the conversion of Ag to Ag nanoparticles ratio reached 96.5% as determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), with a negative zeta potential (ζ) of -21.3 ± 7.68 mV of AgNPs expected to improve the stability of synthesized AgNPs. AgNP antibacterial activity has been examined against () and () bacteria. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was 4.9 µL/mL for both and bacteria, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 19.9 µL/mL and 4.9 µL/mL for and , respectively. The synthesized AgNPs were incorporated in ultrafiltration polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes and showed remarkable antibiofouling behavior against both bacterial strains. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The contact angle and porosity of the membrane were also determined. The efficiency of the membranes regarding rejection rate was assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was found in the flux experiments that membranes BSA rejection was 99.4% and 98.7% with and without AgNPs, respectively.
PubMed: 34771241
DOI: 10.3390/polym13213683 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Nov 2021Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare disease characterized by gas-filled cysts within the submucosa or serosa of the intestinal tract. In recent years, pneumatosis...
BACKGROUND
Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare disease characterized by gas-filled cysts within the submucosa or serosa of the intestinal tract. In recent years, pneumatosis intestinalis was reported in patients undergoing cancer treatment, and some case reports exist that report that pneumatosis intestinalis occurs during administration of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, such as bevacizumab and sunitinib. Here, we report the first case of pneumatosis intestinalis during lenvatinib treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 77-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of numbness in the right leg and weakness of the lower limbs 9 years after right thyroid lobectomy. Computed tomography showed a tumor 90 mm in size from the lumbar spine to the sacrum, causing spinal cord compression. Blood tests showed that the patient's thyroglobulin level was increased to 11,600 ng/ml. We diagnosed him with thyroid cancer with bone metastases. External beam radiotherapy (39 Gy/13 Fr) was performed on the bone metastases, followed by total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. Four months after radioactive iodine therapy, lenvatinib was introduced because the symptoms of numbness and weakness recurred. Lenvatinib was introduced at dose of 24 mg, and then it was reduced to 14 mg owing to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event grade 3 paronychia of the right foot. Although no further significant adverse events occurred, a scheduled computed tomography image showed pneumatosis intestinalis of the ascending colon 14 weeks after the introduction of lenvatinib. No abdominal or digestive symptoms were observed; therefore, we selected conservative treatment. We discontinued lenvatinib for a week, but we were required to restart lenvatinib as the numbness in the right leg worsened after withdrawal. Since the introduction of lenvatinib, 3 years and 5 months passed; we continued lenvatinib treatment, and the therapeutic effect remains partial response. There has been no recurrence of pneumatosis intestinalis.
CONCLUSIONS
Although rare, it is important to recognize that pneumatosis intestinalis can occur in association with lenvatinib and should be differentiated from intestinal perforation. Pneumatosis intestinalis association with lenvatinib can be improved by withdrawal.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phenylurea Compounds; Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis; Quinolines; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 34763724
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03158-w -
Revista Medica de Chile May 2021Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents with common associated dermatologic adverse events, such as skin hyperpigmentation, hand-foot skin syndrome, paronychia...
Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents with common associated dermatologic adverse events, such as skin hyperpigmentation, hand-foot skin syndrome, paronychia and onycholysis. Taxane-induced scleroderma is rare. Few cases with skin findings resembling systemic sclerosis, have been reported after the administration of these agents. We report two cases with stage IV breast cancer, aged 66 and 71 years, who developed sclerodermic skin lesions in their extremities after starting treatment with placlitaxel and nabplaclitaxel respectively.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Female; Humans; Scleroderma, Systemic; Taxoids
PubMed: 34751336
DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872021000500807 -
Clinical Case Reports Oct 2021Pediatric Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatosis often triggered by a prodromal illness or infection and characterized histologically by a dense neutrophilic infiltrate. We...
Pediatric Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatosis often triggered by a prodromal illness or infection and characterized histologically by a dense neutrophilic infiltrate. We report a 2-year-old girl with a classic presentation of Sweet syndrome following an acute thumb paronychia, who had a negative history of malignancy or immunodeficiency.
PubMed: 34707864
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4762 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Oct 2021An 8-year-old cat was presented with pruritus, purulent paronychia, scaling, crusting, and spontaneous alopecia. Histopathology revealed intraepidermal neutrophilic...
An 8-year-old cat was presented with pruritus, purulent paronychia, scaling, crusting, and spontaneous alopecia. Histopathology revealed intraepidermal neutrophilic pustular acantholytic dermatitis and hyperkeratotic cytotoxic interface dermatitis. No thoracic mass was seen on a lateral radiograph. Ectopic thymoma was discovered on necropsy. This case highlights the necessity for thorough investigation of any case of feline exfoliative dermatitis and pemphigus foliaceus for the presence of thymoma. Key clinical message: Comorbidity of exfoliative dermatitis and pemphigus foliaceus in a cat should prompt a thorough investigation for presence of a thymoma, possibly with advanced imaging techniques.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Comorbidity; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Pemphigus; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 34602633
DOI: No ID Found -
JTO Clinical and Research Reports Sep 2021Insulin-like growth factor signaling has been implicated in acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC. This phase 1 trial (NCT02191891)...
INTRODUCTION
Insulin-like growth factor signaling has been implicated in acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC. This phase 1 trial (NCT02191891) investigated the combination of xentuzumab (an insulin-like growth factor-ligand neutralizing monoclonal antibody) and afatinib (an EGFR TKI) in patients with previously treated mutation-positive NSCLC.
METHODS
The trial comprised dose escalation (part A) and expansion (part B). Patients had advanced or metastatic NSCLC that had progressed on EGFR TKI monotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy (nonadenocarcinoma only, part A) or irreversible EGFR TKI monotherapy (part B). Absence of T790M mutation was required in part B. Part A used a 3 + 3 design, with a starting dose of xentuzumab 1000 mg/wk (intravenous) and afatinib 30 mg/d (oral). Primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose of the combination (part A) and objective response (part B).
RESULTS
A total of 16 patients each were treated in parts A and B. Maximum tolerated dose was xentuzumab 1000 mg/wk plus afatinib 40 mg/d. No patients in part B had an objective response, but 10 had stable disease (median [range] duration of disease control: 2.3 [0.8-10.9] mo). The most common drug-related adverse events were diarrhea (75 %), paronychia (69 %), and rash (69 %) in part A and diarrhea (31 %), rash (19 %), paronychia (19 %), and fatigue (19 %) in part B.
CONCLUSIONS
There were no new safety issues; xentuzumab and afatinib could be safely coadministered. Nevertheless, the combination revealed only modest activity in patients with mutation-positive, T790M-negative NSCLC after progression on afatinib.
PubMed: 34590052
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100206 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2021: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective first-line chemotherapeutic agents for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung...
: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective first-line chemotherapeutic agents for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring drug-sensitive mutations. However, the effectiveness of EGFR-TKI rechallenge after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment is not sufficient in elderly patients (over 75 years of age) harboring drug-sensitive mutations. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of EGFR-TKI rechallenge after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC harboring drug-sensitive mutations. : Between April 2008 and December 2015, we analyzed 78 elderly patients with advanced NSCLC harboring drug-sensitive mutations with first-line EGFR-TKI treatment at four Japanese institutions. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness and safety profiles of EGFR-TKI rechallenge after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC harboring drug-sensitive mutations (exon 19 deletion/exon 21 L858R mutation). : Twenty-two patients in the cohort were rechallenged with EGFR-TKI. The median age was 79.5 years (range 75-87 years). Despite the fact that it was a retrospective analysis, even with EGFR-TKI rechallenge treatment the response rate was 23%, progression-free survival was 5.3 months, and overall survival was 14.4 months. Common adverse events included rash acneiform, paronychia, diarrhea, and anorexia. There were no treatment-related deaths. Due to the occurrence of adverse events of grade 2 or more, dose reduction was performed in 15 (68.2%) of 22 cases. : EGFR-TKI rechallenge treatment after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC harboring drug-sensitive mutations was one of the limited, safe and effective treatment options for elderly -positive lung cancer patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mutation; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34577852
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090929 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2022The primary objective of this retrospective study was to analyse the epidemiology and assess the characteristics of all paediatric hand injuries requiring emergent...
BACKGROUND
The primary objective of this retrospective study was to analyse the epidemiology and assess the characteristics of all paediatric hand injuries requiring emergent surgery.
HYPOTHESIS
Paediatric hand emergencies that require surgical treatment have a specific epidemiological distribution.
METHODS
We conducted a multicentre retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of surgical paediatric hand emergencies seen over 10 consecutive months.
RESULTS
We included 245 patients between the 1st of January and the 31st of October 2016. Irrespective of age, most injuries (69%) occurred at home; 11% (n=26) occurred at school and 4% in a sports centre. Overall, most injuries involved the dorsal aspect and affected the fingers more often than the hand. The most common lesion was crush injury of a distal phalanx (36% of cases). Door guards were in use in only 9% of homes (n=8), and mean age of the patients in this group was 5 years Paronychia/acute infections accounted for 27% of cases. Wounds of the hands of fingers made up 23% of cases, with the palmar aspect being involved in 70% of cases. The wound was often due to the use of a sharp-edged object. Fractures/dislocations accounted for 12% of cases and bites or scratches for 2%.
DISCUSSION
This study showed that the most common hand injuries requiring emergent surgery in a paediatric population are crush injuries of the fingertip such as door-crush injuries, which most often occur at home. Reinforcing prevention strategies should be the main priority in order to decrease the incidence of hand lesions in children. Raising awareness among parents and improving the education of the public could significantly decrease the incidence of these injuries.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV; retrospective cohort.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Crush Injuries; Emergencies; Finger Injuries; Hand; Hand Injuries; Humans; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34537393
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103067 -
Anti-cancer Drugs Jan 2022The incidence of lung cancer is increasing yearly worldwide, and targeted medicines are the main choice for lung cancer patients. However, there has been no relevant...
The incidence of lung cancer is increasing yearly worldwide, and targeted medicines are the main choice for lung cancer patients. However, there has been no relevant research about the analysis and adjustment of drug combinations for cancer patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia until now. Here, we reported a case of medicine adjustment for a patient of lung cancer with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The patient was diagnosed as right lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis and continued taking gefitinib tablets to maintain therapeutic efficacy after the end of chemotherapy. Severe paronychia and a high plasma concentration of gefitinib were noticed when the patient visited the hospital for reexamination. The clinical pharmacist found that the patient took nifedipine sustained-release tablets and simvastatin tablets simultaneously, and these medicines were all substrates of CYP3A4. The clinical pharmacist suggested replacing the medicines for hypertension and hyperlipidemia with valsartan capsules (Diovan) and rosuvastatin calcium tablets (Crestor), respectively. The adverse cutaneous reactions were greatly relieved, and the plasma concentration of gefitinib was decreased when another reexamination was performed. Therapeutic drug monitoring was an important method in our case and provided valuable information to develop individualized treatment strategies. For cancer patients suffering from other diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, it is necessary to pay special attention to the drug-drug interactions and metabolic pathways among drug combinations.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Antihypertensive Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Drug Eruptions; Female; Gefitinib; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34459464
DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001226 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Oct 2021Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertion (Exon20ins) mutations exhibits inherent resistance to approved tyrosine...
PURPOSE
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertion (Exon20ins) mutations exhibits inherent resistance to approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune cell-directing activity, binds to each receptor's extracellular domain, bypassing resistance at the tyrosine kinase inhibitor binding site.
METHODS
CHRYSALIS is a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study, which included a population with Exon20ins NSCLC. The primary end points were dose-limiting toxicity and overall response rate. We report findings from the postplatinum Exon20ins NSCLC population treated at the recommended phase II dose of 1,050 mg amivantamab (1,400 mg, ≥ 80 kg) given once weekly for the first 4 weeks and then once every 2 weeks starting at week 5.
RESULTS
In the efficacy population (n = 81), the median age was 62 years (range, 42-84 years); 40 patients (49%) were Asian, and the median number of previous lines of therapy was two (range, 1-7). The overall response rate was 40% (95% CI, 29 to 51), including three complete responses, with a median duration of response of 11.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 to not reached). The median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.9). In the safety population (n = 114), the most common adverse events were rash in 98 patients (86%), infusion-related reactions in 75 (66%), and paronychia in 51 (45%). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypokalemia in six patients (5%) and rash, pulmonary embolism, diarrhea, and neutropenia in four (4%) each. Treatment-related dose reductions and discontinuations were reported in 13% and 4% of patients, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Amivantamab, via its novel mechanism of action, yielded robust and durable responses with tolerable safety in patients with Exon20ins mutations after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diarrhea; Disease Progression; Drug Eruptions; ErbB Receptors; Exons; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Injection Site Reaction; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Neutropenia; Organoplatinum Compounds; Paronychia; Progression-Free Survival; Pulmonary Embolism; Retreatment
PubMed: 34339292
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.00662