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Molecular epidemiological investigation and recombination analysis of Cachavirus prevalent in China.Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024(canine , also known as Cachavirus [CachaV]) is a novel parvovirus first reported in dog feces collected from the United States in 2017 and China in 2019. To...
(canine , also known as Cachavirus [CachaV]) is a novel parvovirus first reported in dog feces collected from the United States in 2017 and China in 2019. To continuously track its infection and evolution status, 276 canine anal swabs were obtained from pet hospitals in central, northern, and eastern China between 2021 and 2023 and screened via polymerase chain reaction; subsequently, a systematic study was conducted. Of these samples, nine (3.3%) were positive for CachaV. Using polymerase chain reaction, whole genome sequences of the nine CachaV-positive strains were amplified. The NS1 amino acid sequence identity between CachaV strains from China and other countries was 96.23-99.85%, whereas the VP1 protein sequence identity was 95.83-100%. CHN230521 demonstrated the highest identity for NS1 amino acids (99.85%) and VP1 amino acids (100%) with NWT-W88 and CP-T015. According to the model prediction of CHN220916-VP1 protein, Met64Thr, Thr107Ala, and Phe131Ser mutations may cause tertiary structural changes in VP1 protein. Interestingly, each of the nine CachaV strains harbored the same site mutations in NS1 (Ser252Cys, Gly253Leu, and Gly254Thr). Although no explicit recombination events were predicted, the clustering and branching of the phylogenetic tree were complicated. Based on the evolution trees for VP1 and NS1, the nine CachaV strains identified from 2021 to 2023 were closely related to those identified in gray wolves and cats. This study may be beneficial for evaluating the prevalence of CachaVs in China, thereby understanding the evolution trend of CachaVs.
PubMed: 38751804
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1375948 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the most important pathogens that cause reproductive failure in pigs. However, the pathogenesis of PPV infection remains unclear....
UNLABELLED
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the most important pathogens that cause reproductive failure in pigs. However, the pathogenesis of PPV infection remains unclear. Proteomics is a powerful tool to understand the interaction between virus and host cells. In the present study, we analyzed the proteomics of PPV-infected PK-15 cells. A total of 32 and 345 proteins were differentially expressed at the early and replication stages, respectively. Subsequent gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed these differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in pathways including toll-like receptor signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and viral carcinogenesis. The expression of poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) was observed to decrease after PPV infection. Overexpressed or silenced PCBP1 expression inhibited or promoted PPV infection. Our studies established a foundation for further exploration of the multiplication mechanism of PPV.
IMPORTANCE
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a cause of reproductive failure in the swine industry. Our knowledge of PPV remains limited, and there is no effective treatment for PPV infection. Proteomics of PPV-infected PK-15 cells was conducted to identify differentially expressed proteins at 6 hours post-infection (hpi) and 36 hpi. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that various pathways participate in PPV infection. Poly (rC) binding protein 1 was confirmed to inhibit PPV replication, which provided potential targets for anti-PPV infection. Our findings improve the understanding of PPV infection and pave the way for future research in this area.
Topics: Parvovirus, Porcine; Animals; Virus Replication; Swine; Proteomics; Cell Line; RNA-Binding Proteins; Parvoviridae Infections; Swine Diseases; DNA-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 38742903
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03914-23 -
JIMD Reports May 2024Methionine synthase reductase deficiency (cblE) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of cobalamin metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the methionine...
Late-onset refractory hemolytic anemia in siblings treated for methionine synthase reductase deficiency: A rare complication possibly prevented by hydroxocobalamin dose escalation?
Methionine synthase reductase deficiency (cblE) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of cobalamin metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the methionine synthase reductase gene (). Patients usually exhibit early-onset bone marrow failure with pancytopenia including megaloblastic anemia. The latter can remain isolated or patients may present developmental delay and rarely macular dysfunction. Treatment mostly includes parenteral hydroxocobalamin to maximize the residual enzyme function and betaine to increase methionine concentrations and decrease homocysteine accumulation. We report herein 2 cblE siblings diagnosed in the neonatal period with isolated pancytopenia who, despite treatment, exhibited in adulthood hemolytic anemia (LDH >11 000 U/L, undetectable haptoglobin, elevated unconjugated bilirubin) which could finally be successfully treated by hydroxocobalamin dose escalation. There was no obvious trigger apart from a parvovirus B19 infection in one of the patients. This is the first report of such complications in adulthood. The use of LDH for disease monitoring could possibly be an additional useful biomarker to adjust hydroxocobalamin dosage. Bone marrow infection with parvovirus B19 can complicate this genetic disease with erythroblastopenia even in the absence of an immunocompromised status, as in other congenital hemolytic anemias. The observation of novel hemolytic features in this rare disease should raise awareness about specific complications in remethylation disorders and plea for hydroxocobalamin dose escalation.
PubMed: 38736634
DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12422 -
Virology Journal May 2024The immature and suppressed immune response makes transplanted children a special susceptible group to Parvovirus B19 (PVB19). However, the clinical features of...
BACKGROUND
The immature and suppressed immune response makes transplanted children a special susceptible group to Parvovirus B19 (PVB19). However, the clinical features of transplanted children with PVB19 infection haven't been comprehensively described.
METHODS
We searched the medical records of all the transplant recipients who attended the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 1 Oct 2020 to 31 May 2023, and reviewed the medical literature for PVB19 infection cases among transplanted children.
RESULTS
A total of 10 cases of PVB19 infection were identified in 201 transplanted children at our hospital, and the medical records of each of these cases were shown. Also, we retrieved 40 cases of PVB19 infection among transplanted children from the literature, thus summarizing a total of 50 unique cases of PVB19 infection. The median time to the first positive PVB19 DNA detection was 14 weeks post-transplantation. PVB19 IgM and IgG were detected in merely 26% and 24% of the children, respectively. The incidence of graft loss/dysfunction was as high as 36%. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients showed higher PVB19 load, lower HGB level, greater platelet damage, lower PVB19 IgM/IgG positive rates, and more graft dysfunction than solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, indicating a more incompetent immune system.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the published data of transplanted adults, transplanted children displayed distinct clinical features upon PVB19 infection, including lower PVB19 IgM/IgG positive rates, more graft dysfunction, and broader damage on hematopoietic cell lines, which was even more prominent in HSCT recipients, thus should be of greater concern.
Topics: Humans; Parvovirus B19, Human; Child; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Parvoviridae Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Antibodies, Viral; Infant; Adolescent; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulin G; Transplant Recipients; DNA, Viral; Viral Load; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 38730285
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02380-4 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Mar 2024The initial objective of this study was to shed light on the evolution of small DNA tumor viruses by analyzing assemblies of publicly available deep sequencing...
The initial objective of this study was to shed light on the evolution of small DNA tumor viruses by analyzing assemblies of publicly available deep sequencing datasets. The survey generated a searchable database of contig snapshots representing more than 100,000 Sequence Read Archive records. Using modern structure-aware search tools, we iteratively broadened the search to include an increasingly wide range of other virus families. The analysis revealed a surprisingly diverse range of chimeras involving different virus groups. In some instances, genes resembling known DNA-replication modules or known virion protein operons were paired with unrecognizable sequences that structural predictions suggest may represent previously unknown replicases and novel virion architectures. Discrete clades of an emerging group called adintoviruses were discovered in datasets representing humans and other primates. As a proof of concept, we show that the contig database is also useful for discovering RNA viruses and candidate archaeal phages. The ancillary searches revealed additional examples of chimerization between different virus groups. The observations support a gene-centric taxonomic framework that should be useful for future virus-hunting efforts.
PubMed: 38712252
DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586562 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Apr 2024Two alternative methods for producing compost in a tunnel, from certain category (Cat.) 3 animal by-products (ABP) and other non-ABP material, were assessed. The first...
Two alternative methods for producing compost in a tunnel, from certain category (Cat.) 3 animal by-products (ABP) and other non-ABP material, were assessed. The first method proposed a minimum temperature of 55°C for 72 h and the second 60°C for 48 h, both with a maximum particle size of 200 mm. The assessment of the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) exclusively focused on Cat. 3 ABP materials (catering waste and processed foodstuffs of animal origin no longer intended for human consumption). The proposed composting processes were evaluated for their efficacy to achieve a reduction of at least 5 log of and Senftenberg (775W, HS negative) and at least 3 log of relevant thermoresistant viruses. The applicant provided a list of biological hazards that may enter the composting process and selected parvoviruses as the indicator of the thermoresistant viruses. The evidence provided by the applicant included: (a) literature data on thermal inactivation of biological hazards; (b) results from validation studies on the reduction of , Senftenberg 775W HS negative and canine parvovirus carried out in composting plants across Europe; (c) and experimental data from direct measurements of reduction of infectivity of murine parvovirus in compost material applying the time/temperature conditions of the two alternative methods. The evidence provided showed the capacity of the proposed alternative methods to reduce and Senftenberg 775W HS negative by at least 5 log, and parvoviruses by at least 3 log. The BIOHAZ Panel concluded that the two alternative methods under assessment can be considered to be equivalent to the processing method currently approved in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011.
PubMed: 38681740
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8745 -
Viruses Apr 2024Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the...
Chimeric Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Virus-like Particles with Epitopes of South African Serotype 2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Elicits Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice.
Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the existing vaccines offer poor cross-protection against the circulating strains in the field. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative design approach for vaccines in anticipation of a pandemic of SAT2 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein can embed exogenous epitopes into the four loops on its surface, assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and induce antibodies and cytokines to PPV and the exogenous epitope. In this study, chimeric porcine parvovirus VP2 VLPs (chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs) expressing the T-and/or B-cell epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 were produced using the recombinant pFastBac™ Dual vector of baculoviruses in Sf9 and HF cells We used the Bac-to-Bac system to construct the recombinant baculoviruses. The VP2-VLP--SAT2 chimeras displayed chimeric T-cell epitope (amino acids 21-40 of VP1) and/or the B-cell epitope (amino acids 135-174) of SAT FMDV VP1 by substitution of the corresponding regions at the N terminus (amino acids 2-23) and/or loop 2 and/or loop 4 of the PPV VP2 protein, respectively. In mice, the chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs induced specific antibodies against PPV and the VP1 protein of SAT2 FMDV. The VP2-VLP-SAT2 chimeras induced specific antibodies to PPV and the VP1 protein specific epitopes of FMDV SAT2. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, successfully generated chimeric PPV-VP2 VLPs expressing epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 that has a potential to prevent FMDV SAT2 and PPV infection in pigs.
Topics: Animals; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Mice; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Capsid Proteins; Parvovirus, Porcine; Antibodies, Viral; Viral Vaccines; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; Swine; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Cellular; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Serogroup; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Female; Epitopes; Sf9 Cells; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antigens, Viral
PubMed: 38675963
DOI: 10.3390/v16040621 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Parvovirus B19V (B19V) infection during pregnancy can be complicated by potentially life-threatening fetal hydrops, which can be managed by intrauterine transfusion...
Parvovirus B19V (B19V) infection during pregnancy can be complicated by potentially life-threatening fetal hydrops, which can be managed by intrauterine transfusion (IUT). This study investigates the long-term temporal patterns in the epidemiology of B19V and evaluates the impact on fetal hydrops, by combining data on B19V infections from the Dutch Sentinel Surveillance system in the period 1990 to 2023, Dutch blood banking data and hospital data on fetal hydrops. Using wavelet analysis, we identified annual epidemic cycles in the Netherlands in the period 1990-2019 and we identified superimposed multiannual cycles in the period 1990-2009. After 2009, no multiannual cycle could be identified, although the incidence fluctuated and correlates with number of IUT performed. As of 2020, weekly reports of B19V infection demonstrated a historically low incidence and B19V-DNA positive blood donors were nearly absent. From May 2020 to May 2023, no IUT for B19V-related hydrops was performed. In the spring of 2023, B19V infections re-emerged, reaching pre-pandemic epidemic levels. Due to the changes in B19V epidemiology over the last 30 years and the near-absence of B19V during the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting low immunity levels may lead to rebound outbreaks. Alertness to severe complications such as fetal hydrops is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Netherlands; COVID-19; Parvovirus B19, Human; Female; Pregnancy; Hydrops Fetalis; Incidence; Parvoviridae Infections; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; SARS-CoV-2; Pandemics; Erythema Infectiosum; Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine; Adult
PubMed: 38671058
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59582-7 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy affecting children, being marked by chronic inflammation which mostly impacts on both skin and... (Review)
Review
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy affecting children, being marked by chronic inflammation which mostly impacts on both skin and skeletal muscles; diagnostic criteria of JDM include an unforeseeable mixture of clinical features, while treatment modalities commonly require corticosteroids or immunosuppressant agents. Although the pathogenesis of JDM is not completely understood, several infectious triggers have been linked to its priming via anecdotal reports related to children. Pediatric cases of recent-onset JDM have been temporally associated to an infectious disease by the power of increased titers of circulating antibodies to a putative infectious agent, including parasites, and/or detectable viral RNA or bacterial DNA. With this narrative review we offer an update about JDM association with a host of infections, namely parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie virus, human immune deficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and , as resulting from the medical literature. Few are the evidence-proved results addressing JDM as an unambiguous post-infectious disorder and available data specifically related to children are poor, highlighting the need of further research into the exploration between environmental cut-out factors and JDM.
Topics: Humans; Dermatomyositis; Child; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38660309
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377952 -
Virology Journal Apr 2024Bovine parvovirus (BPV) is an autonomous DNA virus with a smaller molecular size and subtle differences in its structural proteins, unlike other animal parvoviruses....
Stability and integrity of self-assembled bovine parvovirus virus‑like particles (BPV‑VLPs) of VP2 and combination of VP1VP2 assisted by baculovirus-insect cell expression: a potential logistical platform for vaccine deployment.
BACKGROUND
Bovine parvovirus (BPV) is an autonomous DNA virus with a smaller molecular size and subtle differences in its structural proteins, unlike other animal parvoviruses. More importantly, this virus has the potential to produce visible to silent economic catastrophes in the livestock business, despite receiving very little attention. Parvoviral virus-like particles (VLPs) as vaccines and as logistical platforms for vaccine deployment are well studied. However, no single experimental report on the role of VP1 in the assembly and stability of BPV-VLPs is available. Furthermore, the self-assembly, integrity and stability of the VLPs of recombinant BPV VP2 in comparison to VP1 VP2 Cap proteins using any expression method has not been studied previously. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the self-assembling ability with which BPV virus-like particles (VLPs) could be synthesized from a single structural protein (VP2) and by integrating both VP2 and VP1 amino acid sequences.
METHODS
In silico and experimental cloning methods were carried out. His-tagged and without-His-tag VP2 and V1VP2-encoding amino acid sequences were cloned and inserted into pFastbacdual, and insect cell-generated recombinant protein was evaluated by SDS‒PAGE and western blot. Period of infectivity and expression level were determined by IFA. The integrity and stability of the BPV VLPs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The secondary structure of the BPV VLPs from both VP2 and V1VP2 was analyzed by circular dichroism.
RESULTS
Our findings show that VP2 alone was equally expressed and purified into detectable proteins, and the stability at different temperatures and pH values was not appreciably different between the two kinds of VLPs. Furthermore, BPV-VP2 VLPs were praised for their greater purity and integrity than BPV-VP1VP2 VLPs, as indicated by SDS‒PAGE. Therefore, our research demonstrates that the function of VP1 has no bearing on the stability or integrity of BPV-VLPs.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, incredible physiochemically stable BPV VP2-derived VLPs have been found to be promising candidates for the development of multivalent vaccines and immunodiagnostic kits against enteric viruses and to carry heterogeneous epitopes for various economically important livestock diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bocavirus; Baculoviridae; Recombinant Proteins; Vaccines; Parvovirus; Capsid Proteins
PubMed: 38641833
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02322-0