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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profiles of PIWI-like protein- 2 (PIWIL2), and HepPar1 and their immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics in...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profiles of PIWI-like protein- 2 (PIWIL2), and HepPar1 and their immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), and determine their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of this type of cancer to determine their diagnostic value in combination.
METHODS
Seventy-five patients with HCC were assessed for the expression of PIWIL2 in serum and tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IHC was performed for PIWIL2 and HepPar1 was performed on all patients.
RESULTS
A statistically significantly higher level of PIWIL2 was found in HCC compared to controls (p≤0.001). Both HepPar1 and PIWIL2 were detected in 84% of HCC cases, the diagnostic and prognostic factors for PIWIL2 were found to be significant in liver tumour tissue samples and non-tumorous sections p<0.001, and the same was observed for serum samples and results of healthy serum controls (p<0.001) when compared to AFP.
CONCLUSION
Our results affirm the hypothesis that reactivation of PIWI expression in various caner types is crucial for cancer development, and that a possible panel maybe used for these markers HCC diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Argonaute Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Case-Control Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Adult; alpha-Fetoproteins; Aged
PubMed: 38918675
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2123 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on...
OBJECTIVE
The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on tumor progression as well as patient survival.
METHOD
Seventy five breast cancer (BC) patients and 75 controls were included in this research. Two miRNA expressions were estimated using real-time PCR. Biomarkers for BC detection was tested using ROC curves and AUC.
RESULT
miR-129 and miR-145 expressions were significant. miR-129 and miR-145 classifiers (AUC = 0.943 and 0.748, respectively) help diagnose BC. Unlike miR-145, miR-129 did not affect the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis for progression-free survival at the end of the trial. The development of transitional cell carcinoma disease was found to have a strong correlation with miR-145 in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, infiltrating + invasive urothelial carcinoma was also found to be correlated with miR-145. Conversely, elevated miR-129 expression in BC patients did not lead to an increase in cancer-specific recurrence or mortality, as observed in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression studies.
CONCLUSION
The miRNA signature can help detect survival-associated miRNAs and develop BC miRNA therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Female; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Male; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38918674
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2113 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Recent studies have highlighted the potential of fetal hepatic stem cells in regenerative treatments for liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of fetal hepatic stem cells in regenerative treatments for liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of fetal stem cell transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis C.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients with liver cirrhosis of all Child-Turcotte-Pugh classes due to chronic hepatitis C, aged 18 to 65 years, were selected for this study. A single intravenous dose of 1 ml containing 6*106 fetal hepatic stem cells, diluted in 20.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, was administered. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by measuring levels of ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin before and after cell therapy.
RESULTS
Post-treatment, a significant reduction was noted in the Child-Pugh score from 8 [6-9] to 7 [6-8] (p<0.001) and the MELD index from 11 [7-15] to 10 [7-14] (p=0.004). Skin itching decreased from 36.7% to 10%. Complaints of weakness increased significantly from 3.3% to 23.3% after 30 days of therapy (p=0.014), and the incidence of reduced appetite increased from 20% to 46.7% (p=0.021). No statistical differences were observed in the frequency of nosebleeds (86.7% initially vs. 90% at day 30, p=0.655) or drowsiness (63.3% initially vs. 76.7% at day 30, p=0.157). Significant reductions were noted in ALT levels by 35% and total bilirubin by 44%. The lack of significant changes in indicators of hepatic-cell insufficiency, particularly the protein-forming function as reflected in total protein and albumin levels, is likely due to the extent of liver tissue damage and thus a delayed recovery.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study affirm the clinical efficacy and promise of fetal hepatic stem cell therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen for patients with liver cirrhosis.
Topics: Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Adult; Adolescent; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Young Adult; Aged; Hepacivirus; Stem Cell Transplantation; Follow-Up Studies; Prognosis
PubMed: 38918672
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2099 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The study aimed to validate a method for minimizing phase errors by combining full-length lung 4DCT (f4DCT) scans with shorter tumor-restricted 4DCT (s4DCT) scans. It...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to validate a method for minimizing phase errors by combining full-length lung 4DCT (f4DCT) scans with shorter tumor-restricted 4DCT (s4DCT) scans. It assessed the feasibility of integrating two scans one covering the entire phantom length and the other focused on the tumor area. The study also evaluated the impact of Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) volume and imaging dose for different slice thicknesses (2.5mm and 1.25mm) in both full-length and short target-restricted 4DCT scans.
METHODS
The study utilized the Quasar Programmable Respiratory Motion Phantom, simulating tumor motion with a variable lung insert. The setup included a tumor replica and a six-dot IR reflector marker on the breathing platform. The objective was to analyze volume differences in fMIP_2.5mm compared to sMIP_1.25mm within their respective 4D_MIP CT series. This involved varying breathing periods (2.5s, 3.0s, 4.0s, and 5.0s) and longitudinal tumor sizes (6mm, 8mm, and 10mm). The study also assessed exposure time and expected CTDIvol of s4D_2.5mm and s4D_1.25mm for different breathing periods (5.0s to 2.0s) in the sinusoidal wave motion of the six-dot marker on the breathing platform.
RESULTS
Conducting two consecutive 4DCT scans is viable for patients with challenging breathing patterns or when the initial lung tumor scan is in close proximity to the tumor location, eliminating the need for an additional full-length 4DCT. The analysis involves assessing MIP volume, imaging dose (CTDIvol), and exposure time. Longitudinal tumor shifts for 6mm are [16.6-17.2] in fMIP_2.5mm and [16.8-17.5] in sMIP_1.25mm, for 8mm [17.2-18.3] in fMIP_2.5mm and [17.8-18.4] in sMIP_1.25mm, and for 10mm [19-19.9] in fMIP_2.5mm and [19.4-20] in sMIP_1.25mm (p≥ 0.005), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The Quasar Programmable Respiratory Motion Phantom accurately replicated varied breathing patterns and tumor motions. Comprehensive analysis was facilitated through detailed manual segmentation of Internal Target Volumes and Internal Gross Target Volumes.
Topics: Humans; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; Phantoms, Imaging; Respiration; Feasibility Studies; Lung Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38918671
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2089 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Breast cancer is one of the most widespread tumors among women worldwide, which is difficult to treat due to the presence of chemoresistance and the risk of tumor...
OBJECTIVE
Breast cancer is one of the most widespread tumors among women worldwide, which is difficult to treat due to the presence of chemoresistance and the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis. There is a pressing necessity to develop efficient treatments to improve response for treatment and increase prolong survival of breast cancer patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted interest for its features as a noninvasive and relatively selective cancer treatment. This method relies on light-activated photosensitizers that, upon absorbing light, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) with powerful cell-killing outcomes. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor, plays a key role in cancer development by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Inhibiting NF-κB can sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an NF-κB inhibitor approved by the FDA for multiple sclerosis treatment, has further shown promise in suppressing breast cancer cell growth in vitro. We hypothesized that combining PDT with Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) could further enhance therapeutic efficacy for both treatment modalities.
METHODS
In the current study, we explored the PDT effect of 1 and 2 mM aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and low-power He-Ne laser irradiation combined with different concentrations of DMF (2.5, 1.25, or 0.652 µg/ml) against hormone nonresponsive AMJ13 breast cancer cell line that is derived from Iraqi patient.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrated that co-administration with all tested DMF concentrations significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of PDT antitumor effect. The combination index analysis showed presence of synergism in combining PDT with DMF.
CONCLUSION
This finding suggests that the combination of PDT with DMF could be a promising novel strategy against triple negative breast cancer that could be applied clinically due to the fact that both of these treatments are already clinically approved therapies.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; NF-kappa B; Photosensitizing Agents; Aminolevulinic Acid; Female; Cell Proliferation; Breast Neoplasms; Dimethyl Fumarate; Apoptosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 38918667
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2051 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024This study was designed to determine the role of BRAF V600E and TERT mutations in the incidence of neck lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid...
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to determine the role of BRAF V600E and TERT mutations in the incidence of neck lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study, involving PTC patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Data were obtained retrospectively based on medical records, except for BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations. Tumor tissue specimens of PTC's patients were transferred to the Integrated Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. BRAF gene multiplication was performed with KOD One PCR Master Mix (Toyobo KMM-201), while TERT gene multiplication was performed with PCR Master Mix. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 20. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.
RESULT
42 PTC patients were included in the study; 19 (45%) had BRAF mutation, 20 (48%) had TERT mutation, and 20 (48%) had LN metastases. BRAF V600E mutation was associated with LN metastasis [p<0.001, OR = 25.33 (95% CI 4.92 - 130.34)], while TERT mutation was not. Patients with BRAF+ and TERT- mutations were 18.00 times (95% CI 2.01 - 161.05) more likely to develop LN metastasis than patients with BRAF- and TERT-. Furthermore, the presence of TERT mutation along with BRAF mutation increased the risk to 60.00 (95% CI 4.72 - 763.04) higher than patients with BRAF- and TERT-.
CONCLUSION
BRAF mutation was associated with LN metastasis in PTC patients, but not TERT mutations. However, the presence of TERT mutation in PTC's patients with BRAF mutation increased the risk of LN metastasis.
Topics: Humans; Telomerase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Female; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Thyroid Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mutation; Adult; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Prognosis; Follow-Up Studies; Carcinoma, Papillary; Indonesia; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38918666
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2043 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024This study evaluated a specialized rehabilitation program's impact on senior cancer patients' quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated a specialized rehabilitation program's impact on senior cancer patients' quality of life.
METHODS
one hundred and thirty patients aged ≥65 years with various cancer types undergoing/recovering from treatment were enrolled in oncology clinics in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The intervention arm (n=65) participated in a tailored geriatric cancer rehabilitation program. The control group (n=65) received standard oncology care. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) tool assessed the quality of life across physical, social, emotional, and functional domains. T-tests and multivariate regression analyses compared outcomes.
RESULT
Total FACT-G scores showed a significantly higher quality of life for the geriatric cancer rehabilitation group versus standard care. Rehabilitation patients also demonstrated meaningful improvements across physical, social, and functional subscales. Rehabilitation involvement was the most predictive factor for optimized outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Specialized geriatric cancer rehabilitation meaningfully improved several quality of life domains in older patients over standard care. Despite persistent barriers, rehabilitation programming optimized older cancer patients' physical and psychosocial health. Oncology and geriatrics must collaborate to ensure evidence-based rehabilitation access meets older cohorts' unique needs.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Neoplasms; Male; Female; Quality of Life; Geriatric Assessment; Aged, 80 and over; Saudi Arabia; Prognosis; Follow-Up Studies; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38918665
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2033 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem and one of leading cancer related death all over the world. One of the prognostic parameters that play a role in...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem and one of leading cancer related death all over the world. One of the prognostic parameters that play a role in different types of cancer is HER2. However, the role of HER2 in CRC and its relation with clinicopathological features and survival is conflicting. We hypothesize that HER2 has different patterns of expression in CRC which may affect the prognosis of patients.
MATERIAL & METHODS
We studied sixty specimens of colorectal carcinoma for HER2 immunohistochemistry and gene amplification and correlate it with clinicopathological features and patients` survival.
RESULTS
Our data showed that negative HER2 expression was statistically associated with female gender (P = 0.010) and low & intermediate tumor budding (P = 0.030). There was a statistically significant relation between HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH amplification (P=0.000). Although neither HER2 immunoexpression and FISH amplification showed significant relation with overall survival nor disease free survival, HER2 amplified CRCs tended to have a worse survival compared with negative CRCs (40 months versus 50 months). The presence of male gender, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastasis and distant metastasis (P = 0.013, 0.006, 0.006 and 0.000 respectively) were significantly statistically associated with poor overall survival. The presence of tumor grade III and high tumor budding (P = 0.035 and 0.007 respectively) were significantly statistically associated with shorter disease free survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that HER2 IHC 3+ staining is highly predictive of HER2 gene amplification in colorectal carcinomas. There is a tendency towards poorer prognosis in amplified HER2 CRC cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Receptor, ErbB-2; Middle Aged; Egypt; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Amplification; Aged; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38918664
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2023 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are diseases that result from the combined effects of a predisposing genetic...
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are diseases that result from the combined effects of a predisposing genetic background and several environmental factors, including smoking. Some genes can influence these diseases through genetic inheritance, and their regulation is explained by gene polymorphism. However, Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes have been identified as susceptibility genes for CD and UC.
METHODS
A case-control study was performed on a Turkish population composed of 105 healthy controls and 79 CD, 77 UC patients genotyped by Allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP for TLR9 (T-1486C) and TLR 2 (-196 to -174del) gene. Genotype and allele frequencies of TLR9 (T-1486C) and TLR 2 (-196 to -174del) gene polymorphisms compared to allele frequencies in CD and UC patients.
RESULTS
No statistically significant findings were found between the CD, UC patients, and the control group in terms of both genotype distributions and allele frequencies for TLR 9 (T-1486C; rs187084) and TLR 2 (-196 to -174del; rs111200466) gene polymorphisms in a Turkish population (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
No association was found between the TLR2 (rs111200466) and TLR 9 (rs187084) gene polymorphisms among IBD patients and the control groups in the Turkish population.
Topics: Humans; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Case-Control Studies; Male; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Toll-Like Receptor 9; Adult; Crohn Disease; Genotype; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colitis, Ulcerative; Turkey; Gene Frequency; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prognosis; Follow-Up Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 38918662
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2003 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer usually spreads locally and to nearby lymph nodes. One unique feature of NPC is...
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer usually spreads locally and to nearby lymph nodes. One unique feature of NPC is its many immune cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Recent studies have suggested that TILs in many types of cancer can indicate a better prognosis. However, the role of TILs in NPC is still a matter of debate. Further research is necessary to determine whether TILs can be used as a prognostic factor of NPC's outcome.
METHOD
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sardjito Hospital to examine the records and pathological sections of patients treated for the undifferentiated subtype of NPC. Two pathologists analyzed the presence of TILs using HE-stained slides. TILs were evaluated in stromal compartments, and their association with clinicopathological variables was analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The study compared overall survival in tumor patients with varying TIL levels using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to test the significance of different factors.
RESULT
Out of the total 61 subjects, 16 (26.2%) had high stromal TILs (≥ 70%), and 45 (73.8%) had low stromal TILs (<70%). The subjects' sex, age, and tumor stage did not affect the OS. However, high stromal TILs (≥ 70%) showed a significant association with a longer OS (log-rank test p = 0.006, HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.79, log-rank p = 0.006). Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed that TILs were an independent prognostic indicator for OS (aHR 0.015).
CONCLUSION
TILs correlate positively with overall survival in the undifferentiated NPC subtype and are an independent prognostic indicator.
Topics: Humans; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Male; Female; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Survival Rate; Adult; Carcinoma; Follow-Up Studies; Aged; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38918661
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1997